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Picture of the Lowell Mills where most of the women worked

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Picture of the women working in poor conditions

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The height of labor protest in the New England mills before the Civil War came with the emergence in the 1840s of a Ten Hour Movement aiming for reduction in the hours of labor in the mills. The mills ran for seventy-three hours a week in this period, averaging slightly more than twelve hours a day. As the pace of work in the mills increased without any wage gains, millworkers came to demand a ten-hour workday, giving them time to relax, attend meetings and lectures, and participate in the urban cultural scene around them

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Between 1830 and 1860, women remained a key labor force for the growing industry. Mill superintendents paid recruiters to circulate through northern New England and to bring suitable young women to work in their mills. The wages, typically set at $3.00 to $3.50 per week, were much higher than anything farm daughters could earn in their hometowns and proved a strong attraction.

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the different economic developments coincided with dramatic changes in family life, particularly declining family size and increasing life expectancy. A greater role for women in the labor force, contemporary politics, and reform activities was certainly one of the unintended consequences of technological change in nineteenth-century America

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During the Civil War, women especially faced a host of new duties and responsibilities. For the most part, these new roles applied the ideals of Victorian domesticity to “useful and patriotic ends.” However, these wartime contributions did help expand many women’s ideas about what their “proper place” should be.

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http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/women-in-the-civil-war

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American women turned their attention to the world outside the home. Thousands of women in the North and South joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses. It was the first time in American history that women played a significant role in a war effort. By the end of the war, these experiences had expanded many Americans’ definitions of “true womanhood.”

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The lives of American women were shaped by a set of ideals that historians call “the Cult of True Womanhood.” As men’s work moved away from the home and into shops, offices and factories, the household became a new kind of place: a private, feminized domestic sphere, a “haven in a heartless world.” “True women” devoted their lives to creating a clean, comfortable, nurturing home for their husbands and children

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The success of Hull House prompted Lillian Wald open the Henry Street in New York in 1893. The combined success of these settlement houses prompted other reformers to open similar houses in other eastern cities with large immigrant populations. In time, women like Addams and Wald used their positions of power to fight for women’s suffrage, temperance, civil rights, and improved labor laws.

http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/gildedage/section2.rhtml

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Founder of the Hull House in Chicago. Its social workers offered classes and operated a gymnasium, playgroud, theater, and cooperative boarding house.

http://www.socialstudies.org/sites/default/files/publications/se/6305/630507.html

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Many women resented the restraints that society placed on them. They also started to notice that their efforts were thwarted by a male-dominated society and a victorian view of the female role.

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Women won minimum wage and maximum hour laws for women workers, public health programs for pregnant women and babies, improved educational opportunities for both children and adults.

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One remarkable aspect of progressionivism was the amount of participation of American women. Although they were denied their rights for most of the time period, the still exercised what they saw as their rights as citizens.

https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/pwwmh/prog.htm

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Women disguised themselves as soldiers by cutting their hair, blinding their breasts with bandages and adopting masculine names

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Women disguised themselves as soldiers by cutting their hair, blinding their breasts with bandages and adopting masculine names

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Some women like Margret Cochran Corbin were able to fire cannons.

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Some women like Margret Cochran Corbin were able to fire cannons.

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http://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-roles-of-women-in-the-revolutionary-war/

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Jobs of Women in the American Revolution

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Jobs of Women in the American Revolution

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Nurses weren't much of use until 1777. Most of the nurses were camp followers: Wives, daughters, and mother of the soldiers who followed the army looking for food and protection since they couldn't support themselves after the men left. Nurses did custodial work, such as cleaning hospital wards, cooking, and feeding and cleaning patients.

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https://www.landofthebrave.info/colonial-women.htm

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Mary Got her nickname by bringing pitchers of water to the soldiers in the revolutionary war during the battle of Monmouth. Her husband collapsed and she took over his canon.

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Pictures of women taking care of their children and houses

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Pictures of women taking care of their children and houses

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Women didn't have the rights to vote, hold and form public office, serve on juries. Although, unmarried women and widows could make a will ,sell property, act as a guardian, and had the right to sue.

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Women were viewed as the weaker sex, lacking the physical, mental, and emotional strength of a man. Women were expected to respect men and obey them without any questions

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The roles of Colonial Women were determined by their wealth, religion, and status.

The early women colonists and settlers were expected to help the men in a variety of labored tasks in order to survive, but as time passed they were given more "traditional" roles. Such as running the house or raisins the children.  During the Colonial period, women would be married by the time they were 20 and had up to 8 children.

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Women began taking on more unconventional roles during the war. Although women weren't allowed to join the army at the time many still served as secret Many women of the time were spies for the colonial army. They would be sent to the British army to work as maids and cooks.

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Deborah Sampson  enlisted in the continental army as a man. She participated in several battles. Sampson would tend to her own wounds. eventually her identity was uncovered by her physician. Instead of being punished for dishonesty she received an honorable discharge.

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Women were nurses to the injured in the civil war. At their homes they would bake for the soldiers, raise money, and make uniforms. Sarah Edmonds Seelye was one of the many women that dressed as a man so she could fight in the war instead of having to "stay at home to weep."

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Women during Settlement and Colonization

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Women during Settlement and Colonization

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The Salem Witch trials were a series of prosecutions of colonial women who were accused of being witches. This take place in Massachusetts and resulted in the execution of 14 women. At this time women were viewed as more likely to be sinners and liars.

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Anne Hutchinson is tried for heresy. She challenged the teachings of the puritan leaders. She was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Anne moved to Rhode Island with her family.