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Adam Norris, an APUSH savior, provides a well done chapter video discussing the Progressive Era and the changes made from the previous Gilded Age.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tCK_5SRWs8

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The Progressive Era improved social life of the United States by finding solutions to city problems and stopping inhumane practices that affected people's lives greatly.

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The change in politics was huge during this period as the Progressive Era solved the problem of political corruption found in the Gilded Age.

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The Progressive Era saw significant change for America's economy. The reduction of tariffs and dissolution of trusts and monopolies were a game changer in improving the economy.

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Progressive Era: Solving Urban Living Conditions

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Progressive Era: Solving Urban Living Conditions

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The Progressives sought a sanitary reform to solve these poor living conditions during the Progressive Era.

Enforcing civic sanitation, cleaning the streets, and ensuring good health to citizens all led to the improvements in urban life.

The Tenement House Exhibition of 1900 brought great awareness to the negatives of tenements and slum life. Reforms decreased overcrowding and improved the water supply to add to this cause.

Laws that regulated sanitation and new reform movements during this era led to the improvement of the lower and middle classes of the cities and decreased the disease and living condition problem explored in the Gilded Age.

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Gilded Age Social Issue: Urban Living Conditions

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Gilded Age Social Issue: Urban Living Conditions

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Terrible living conditions defined the urban life during the Gilded Age.

A huge spike in immigration led to overcrowding in already busy cities.

Poorly planned sewer systems caused sanitation problems and these polluted systems were a serious harmful risk for the people living in the cities. Waste that wasn't managed led to an outbreak of many diseases that spread throughout the cities.

The germ theory came into play and many people realized the poor living conditions were the cause of disease spreading.

Tenements, or slums in the cities, perfectly display what many people were going through during this time regarding city life.

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The National Child Labor community was forced in 1904 to abolish child labor and bring change to children who were working.

New Child Labor Laws and education laws worked hand in hand and helped children stay in school and away from the factories.

By 1900, there was a vast increase in the amount of schools and this made it possible to get children an education.

The Smith-Hughes Act in 1917 provided money to states in order to make improvements to public schools.

The NCLC and new laws regulating the workplace of children helped bring a massive decrease to child labor during the Progressive Era.

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During the Gilded Age, many children were tasked with working in a dangerous environment that affected them greatly.

In many industries, such as coal mining, children did the toughest jobs and had to crawl into the smallest spaces that others couldn't get in. Dangerous tasks like this endangered children working in factories and doing other labor work.

Nearly one million children were working in factories by 1890. The number of injuries, diseases, and even fatalities started to pile up and reform for children working was soon to be needed.

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Progressive Era: Solving Political Corruption 

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Progressive Era: Solving Political Corruption 

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The Australian Ballot cam into play that allowed people to vote in private. This helped lad to the fade of political machines.

Journalists, known as muckrakers, helped expose this corruption and brought awareness to everyone on what was going on.

The Pendleton Act was a direct counter to patronage and government positions were no longer a spoils system.

All of these contributed to the fall of political corruption in the Progressive Era as more laws came into play to stop elections from being rigged.

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Gilded Age Political Issue: Political Machines and Corruption 

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Gilded Age Political Issue: Political Machines and Corruption 

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During the Gilded Age, political machines basically rigged elections to gain power in votes and to steal money. Corruption was at an all time high during this time with these machines.

The Credit Mobilier was a scandal in which executives hired formed their own railroad and construction company. Patronage, a spoils system, was a main cause for scandals during this time.

William Boss Tweed was the boss of Tammany Hall, the most notable political machine at the time.

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                                                            Synthesis 

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                                                            Synthesis 

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This change is society, economics, and politics can be related to the American Revolutionary Period. The changes the country went through from the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era can be found similar to before and after British rule during the Revolution. The various acts imposed by the colonist by the British are similar to the tariffs imposed on goods during the Gilded Age. Both affected the economy and made life harder for citizens. Social life also changed during both time periods. The departure of the British changed the lives of the colonists because they were no longer being pushed around by soldiers and now had freedom. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mass immigration altered American society because new culture was brought over. Combining different people with different ways of life had a huge social effect on the U.S. citizens. In the Revolutionary Period, political change came about due to the dissolution of Parliament and early drafts of the Constitution. In the Progressive Era, change in politics and an end to political corruption came in due to an end to political machines and rigging elections. Both time periods experienced political change that would lay the groundwork for politics in the future. These changes in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era can be linked to similar changes found during the Revolutionary Period in U.S. history.

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                                                                              BAGPIPE

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                                                                              BAGPIPE

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Four of the BAGPIPE themes that are distinctly expressed in the transition from the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era are Identity, Peopling, Politics and Power, and Economy. The migration of people to America completely changed the social impact of the country with new diversity. These immigrant groups greatly impacted the cities as they were the main cause of overcrowding. Urban conditions affects immigrants coming to the U.S. heavily during this time period. Another theme found in one of the problems of this era is Identity. More specifically, gender. The fight for women's rights was at large and organizations were formed to make change to the view of genders. Gender equality and equal rights was one of the biggest issues of this area. One topic that defined the Gilded Age was political power. The roles of parties at this time was to rig elections and gain more power by any means necessary. The theme of political power was in direct relations with political corruption at the time and finding solutions to this corruption. Arguably the most important problem in the period is economy. Between tariffs and monopolies ans trust systems, the economy was extremely unstable. Tariffs hurt the agricultural economy because the farmers had a surplus of exports and had to pay for imported goods. This affected commerce and trade because international trade decreased with tariffs and higher costs for goods. Throughout the Gilded Age, these themes are expressed as problem that reformers looked to change in the Progressive Era.

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Progressive Era: Push For Women's Rights

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Progressive Era: Push For Women's Rights

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NAWSA was formed by women to campaign for the right to vote.

National Women's Party also took matters into their own hands to achieve equality, this group however used more unorthodox methods.

The greatest positive for women in this era was the passage of the 19th amendment, which finally gave women the right to vote in 1920.

All of these were huge factors during the push for women's rights and achieving equality.

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Gilded Age Political Issue: Women's Rights

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Gilded Age Political Issue: Women's Rights

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During the Gilded Age, the fight for Women's rights had barely been touched and not a lot had happened.

Next to nothing had happened for women for the past half century even with the Secena Falls Convention of 1848.

Basically, they had very few rights and many looked for reform and change, which is when these new organizations come into play.

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Progressive Era: Solving Monopolies and Trust Issue

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Progressive Era: Solving Monopolies and Trust Issue

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Major goal of this era was fairness for the common people.

Teddy came in as president and was known as a trust buster after McKinley was assassinated.

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 regulated railroad monopolies. This was a stepping stone for other regulations on monopolies and was very important to the industry.

Adding to the Commerce Act, the Sherman Antitrust act of 1890 gave more power and put monopolies under attack.

The Elkins Act of 1903 and the Hepburn Act of 1906 also strengthened the Commerce Act by helping reduce trusts and expanding its monopoly regulating powers to other companies.

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Gilded Age Economic Issue: Monopolies and Trusts

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Gilded Age Economic Issue: Monopolies and Trusts

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During this period, the government did not interfere with the economy (laissez faire government) and was ineffective in result.

Rockefeller, Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan were powerful businessmen who abused these techniques during this time to create monster corporations.

Trusts eliminated other competition as they were used to put other companies under control.

The government would soon realize change needs to be made and that's where the Progressive Era comes into play.

These problems created no competition and as a result corporation would control all prices and could easily take advantage of the situation.

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Mason Camille- 3rd Period

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The Progressives called for a change in policy and a reduction of tariffs to keep up with a  free market economy.

William Howard Taft in 1908 assured to lower tariffs on imports that were extremely unpopular across the country .

Woodrow Wilson's Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 lowered tariffs to regulate business.

Lowered tariff rates allowed for a more competitive market in many industries, helped regulate the economy,  and opened the door for more international trade. Overall, lowered tariffs boosted the economy as it enabled the country to import and export without any major barriers and lowered the prices for consumers.

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Coming out of major debt from the Civil War, tariffs were extremely high

Many workers were forced to buy their manufactured goods on a tariff-protected market. Farmers, who had a massive surplus and were going against foreign competition, were hit the hardest due to  a decrease of income from exports and paying more for goods.

The tariff was a huge debate in the 1884 and 1888 elections. Democrats endorsed reducing tariffs to reduce annual surplus while Republicans were in favor of higher tariffs to prevent lower costing European good from flooding the market.

Consumers opposed the McKinley Tariff in 1890 due to an increase in price for goods and tax rate on foreign goods.

Tariffs help lead to the rise of the Populists wanting a reduction in tariffs to bring the agricultural economy back to life.