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This was a wonderful course, thank you for the knowledge and inspiration :)

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"BEYOND MASSA"

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The Sugar Revolution and Slavery in the Caribbean

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The Sugar Revolution and Slavery in the Caribbean

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The sugar revolutions were both cause and consequence of the demographic revolution. Sugar production required a greater labor supply than was available through the importation of European servants and irregularly supplied African slaves. At first the Dutch supplied the slaves, as well as the credit, capital, technological expertise, and marketing arrangements. After the restoration of the English monarch following the Commonwealth (1642-60), the King and other members of the royal family invested in the Company of Royal Adventurers, chartered in 1663, to pursue of the lucrative African slave trade. That company was succeeded by the Royal Africa Company in 1672, but the supply still failed to meet the demand, and all types of private traders entered the transatlantic commerce.Between 1518 and 1870, the transatlantic slave trade supplied the greatest proportion of the Caribbean population. As sugarcane cultivation increased and spread from island to island--and to the neighboring mainland as well--more Africans were brought to replace those who died rapidly and easily under the rigorous demands of labor on the plantations, in the sugar factories, and in the mines. Acquiring and transporting Africans to the New World became a big and extremely lucrative business.

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Labour Diversity on Sugar Estates in the Caribbean

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Labour Diversity on Sugar Estates in the Caribbean

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The popular image of slavery in the Caribbean is of enslaved men, women, and children working in agricultural fields. Though the vast majority of Africans were bought by European slave owners for field work, enslaved people could be found in most occupations in the Americas.sugar plantations.  Most enslaved people were put to work directly or indirectly in the sugar industry. There was a complex division of labor needed to operate a sugar plantation. Sugarcane field workers worked long hours planting, maintaining, and harvesting the sugarcane under hot and dangerous tropical conditions. The field slaves had to cut down acres of sugarcane and transport it to a wind-, water-, or animal-driven mill, where the juices were extracted from the crop. Factory slaves worked under hot, humid, and dangerous conditions to convert the sugarcane into sugar and rum. Skilled men, such as carpenters, maintained the factory and equipment.

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From Slavery to 'Freedom' in the Caribbean

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From Slavery to 'Freedom' in the Caribbean

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWpCjcXMOh8

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Haiti, whose population is almost entirely descended from African slaves, won independence from France in 1804, making it the second country in the Americas, after the United States, to free itself from colonial rule. Over the centuries, however, economic, political, and social difficulties, as well as a number of natural disasters, have beset Haiti with chronic poverty and other serious problems.
It is important to note that Haiti is the FIRST Caribbean Republic.
This is directly related to its development and civilization, and there is controversy concerning whether Haiti is, or isn't actually 'part of the Caribbean' with the exemption of its geographical position.

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Chattel slavery refers to "A system of slavery whereby an individual and their offspring's are recognized by the law as being the property of another person for life"1. Enslaved could be bought, sold and branded just as a piece of furniture, and these inhuman conditions enraged the enslaved resulting in resistance. This is further supported by Hilary Beckles et al who stipulated "This record of resistance illustrates that there was hardly a generation of enslaved males or females in the Caribbean who did not take their anti-slavery actions". Entrapment, is against human nature, and thus, enslaved resisted from the start in a long or 'protracted' war. "Many slave revolts and plots in these territories between 1638 and 1838 could be conceived of as '200 years war' one protracted struggle launched by Africans and their Afro-West Indian progeny against slave owners" stated Hilary Beckles. The Enslaved worked under harsh conditions from sun up to sun down, with little rest and exposure to diseases, under strict control from supervisor who demanded productivity. The world of the enslaved therefore, was a constant battle between oppression of master control and the desire for freedom.

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Caribbean Chattel Slavery Still Exists in Communities Here 

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Caribbean Chattel Slavery Still Exists in Communities Here 

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"Slavery was never abolished. It was only extended to include all the colours"
According to Gallup surveys of 167 countries, there are 45.8 million slaves worldwide. Walk Free defines a slave as someone owned, someone working as a forced laborer or prostitute, someone in debt bondage or in a forced marriage.
https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_kristine_glimpses_of_modern_day_slavery

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The language diversity in the Caribbean is largely in part due to European influence (colonization and the slave trade). Before the Caribbean nations had established themselves, Europeans came to these places and pushed their culture upon the natives. All of the different languages spoken in the Caribbean are European languages which have just stuck throughout decades, and in effect of trading slaves, it led to create a new dialect
[video below]

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Caribbean English (what it sounds like, slang, accents)

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As with any other core 19th century concepts,  civilization was closely related to the idea of progress and the theory that nations advance through different stages of development. bring (a place or people) to a stage of social development considered to be more advanced.

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This describes the area that experienced European colonization, slavery, indentureship and the plantation system. Since all Caribbean countries were affected by these institutions, it has become typical to identify a country with the specific European power that dominated it. Thus, the Caribbean is divided into English, French, Dutch and Spanish speaking countries or territories.

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This Pin was discovered by Touché :). Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest.

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"Othering" is a process that identifies those that are thought to be different from oneself or the mainstream, and it can reinforce and reproduce positions of domination and subordination, and this can be based under "ethnocentrism" which is the evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

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"We often compare the Caribbean to Metropolitan societies." Civilization is any system sufficiently advanced that it domesticates citizens into dependence.
Culture is the accumulated transmission of information, standards, morals, values, and language common to a population.
Culture is a subset of civilization, mostly.

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"An invented past won't give black people a future." Oral pre-history was not free from bias, so historians had to revise and develop stories objectively using the scientific historical method.