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Piaget is famous for cognitive development

where a baby turns its head to a nipple or finger on cheek is rooting

babinski is the foot one

attatchment is the emotional tie between infant and parent

critical period is when things should happen or they never will

a baby has a sense of ___ when he sees himself in the mirror not another baby
-self

animism is when babys give objects animalistic qualities

conservation is when kids cannot tell whatis in thebeaker

a child is egocentric when he cannot see things from another perspective

object permenance is when the child will look for the ball under the blanket because he knows its there

newborn is in __ stage of piaget
-sensorimotor

a child masters conservation in this stage
-concrete operational

formal operational is when a person engages in advanced hypothical thinking

Strictest parenting technique is authoritarian

ideal parenting is authoritative

when a child is attatched to their mother he will cry when she leaves the room

the ___Fetal stage is the worst stage of pregnancy to do drugs and thinl
-embryonic

when a child is okay with the mom leaving and returning the child has ___ attatchment
-avoidant

Harlow studied contact comfort

when breastfeeding that is the Erikson stage of trust vs mistrust

Erikson stage for teenagers is identity vs role confusion

minreativity vs stagntitiondlife crisis may happen in the e

old people hwo look back on their life have integrity

following the law because of a speeding ticket is kohbergs preconventioal

longitudinal study is when kids were asked every 2 years to do a saurvey until they were 30 years old.

3rd,5th,7th graders answers were compared and it is cross sectional study

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G.Stanley Hall
"storm and stress"
3 key aspects
conflict with parents
moody
risky behavior
**noot everybody goes through this**

Margaret Mead "Easy Transition"
-not harsh and difficult but an easy move

Erikson
-Identity vs role confusion

Kohlberg stages
how to children develop their own way of making moral decisions?

-not everybody makes it into every stage

-preconventional :1 -trying to avoid punishment
2-personal interest

Conventional1- people like to get people to like them
2-maintaing a funcitioning society- laws are more important that anything

post conventional 1-regect rigidity of laws
2-sense of justice

James Marcia- interviewed 18-22 year olds and wanted to know about job choices and beliefs and values
4 identity sections
Identity diffusion- no choice
identity forclosure- willing to commit but conforms to what other people like/ want
identity moratorium- crisis ready for choices but not sure
identity achievement- commitment to an identity, resolved crisis

Adolescnence lasting longer
-now we get married (usually) in early 30's not early 20's

50% of teens (9th -12th) have had sexual intercourse

Physical changes peak in 20s and slow decline.
Menopause
women tend to out live men by 3 years

Alzeheimers is irreverable and it is the physical deterioration of memory,reasoning, language, and finally physically

Cognition
-slowing of neural preocess

Crystallized Intelligence
-ones accumulated knowlede and verbal skills
-tends to inscrease with age

Fluid Intelligence
-ones ability to reason speedilt and abstractly
-tends to decrease during late adulthood

5 Stages of Grief: (Kubler-Ross)
Denial
-
Anger
-
Bargaining
-
Depression
-
Acceptance
-

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Primary sex characteristics- body sturctures that make secual reproduction possible male-1st ejactulation females-first menstruall cycle

Imaginary Audience- When a young adolescent thinks about how everybody is looking at "me" and they think about how they are as a person

Personal Fable -"I am invulnerable"

We cause kids to grow up too fast in todays society

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Harlow's Surrogate Mother Experiments: comfort vs nourishment

4 diff styles:
Authoritatian- parents impose rules and expect obedience
Permissive: submit to child desires, make few demands, use little punishment
Authoritative- both demaning and respoinsive, set rules, but explain reasons and encourage open discussion
Uninvolved/Detatched- limited time and energy, attatchment issues and delinquency

High demandingness and Low REsponsiveness -authoriatian

High High- authoritative

Low Low- Uninvolved

Low Demandingness, High REsponsiveness- Permissive

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Moral Development: Kohlberg

PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL
morality of self interest: to avoid punishment or gain rewards

CONVENTIONAL LEVEL
morality of law and social rules: to gain approval or avoid disapproval

POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL
morality of abstract principles: to affirm areed upon rights and personal ethical principles.

-as development progresses, the focus of concern moves from the self to the wider social world

Moral Development: Gilligan
(women)
level 1- orientation of individual survivial
transition 1- from selfishness to responsibility

level 2- goodness as self sacrifice
transition 2- from goodness to truth

level 3- the morality of non-violence

Infancy and childhood:sociocultural development

Why do children play?
-self teach by trial and error(piaget)
-symbolic representation(piaget)

Piaget says that interaction with the physical world
-overcome egocentrism
-learning through first hand experiences

Vygotsky says culture and education
-delaying immediate gratification
-practice self regulation

Lev Vgotsku:social development theory

social interaction + congnitive development
learning is development is enhanced with new tasks

Scaffolkding or conitive apprenticeship model- zone of proximal development (ZPD) help with others

Consciousness is the product of socialization

Vygotskis view on language
Private speech (talk to self)
Inner speech (in head)
Thoughts result as a language

Critical periods: windows of opportunity for learning a language; as early as 6 years old

Chomsky:Language Acquistion Device- born with internal mechanism

Whorf: Linguistic Relativity hypothesis; language determining what we think about the things around us

Critical period; an optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Humans do not imprint

Imprinting (Lorenz)
the process by which certain anikmals form attatchments durin a critical period very early in life.

Mary Ainsworth: attatchment theory
stranger anxiety; 6-8-12 month

we form a different attatchment to caregivers growing up
-rage at mom when she retunrs
-avoidant insecure attatchement

STRANGE SITUATION

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I can apply Eriksons theory to my reunion activity.

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I can apply Eriksons theory to my reunion activity.

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Basic Trust- E.E
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, major task with each stage of life. responsive caregivers

Self Concept
A sense of ones identity and personal worth.

If you move on from the right you have a crisis so if you move on from the left you're okay

Infancy (1st year):
Trust vs. Mistrust
-if our needs are met then we feel a sense of trust

Toddler (2nd year):
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
-Toddlers learn to excercise will and do things for themselves

Preschooler (3-5 years):
Initiative vs. guilt
-Preschoolers learn to initiate tasjs and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent.

Elemenatry (6 years-puberty):
Competence vs. inferiority
-Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks.

Adolescence (teens into 20's):
Identity vs role confusion
-teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then intergrating them to form a single identity.

Young Adults (20s to 40s)
Intimacy vs Isolation
-Young adults stuggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love

Middle Adult (40s to 50s)
Generativity vs Stagnation
-The middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through and work

Late Adult (60s and up)
Integrity vs Despair failture
-When reflecting on his or her past may give a sense of accomplishment or failure.

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Piaget: Cognitive Development
-mental functioning depends on 2 biological processes

-assimilation-Interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones existing (schema)
-accommodation- adapting ones current understanding to incorporate new information (schema)

Egocentrism- the inability of the preoperational child to atake another point of view

Theory of mind- ideas about your own and others mental states deelings perceptions and thouhs and bejabior these might predict.;

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I can understand developmental research designs.

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I can understand developmental research designs.

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cross sectional research- research done on many subjects of different ages in the same time
Longitudinal research- research done on one group of subjects over many years.

^^2 most popular for developmental^

CS- PROS AND CONS
P-inexpensive
-doesnt take long
C-different age groups are not necessarily alike
-boys and girls mature at different times

LR- PROS AND CONS
P- Generates DETAILED information about a=subjects
C- expensive
-potential for high attrition rate

Prenatal Development and the newborn
Rooting, swallowing,sucking, Babinski, stepping

^^ doctors look for them but look for them to disappear later on^^