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                   Maxwell's second equation

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                   Maxwell's second equation

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The circuitation of the electric field is null, whatever its course is. This property expresses that the electric field is conservative.

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                            Electric field's circuitation

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                            Electric field's circuitation

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The electric field's circuitation is the sum of the dot product related to the parts in which the line in divided.

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Relation between the electric field and the       electric potential

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Relation between the electric field and the       electric potential

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The electric field, is also defined as the gradient of the electric potential changed of sign.

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                                        Equipotential surfaces

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                                        Equipotential surfaces

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An equipotential surface is the space points' place in which the electric potential assumes the same valors.

In every point, an equipotential surface is perpendicular to the electric field's line in that point.

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                                     Potential electric energy

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                                     Potential electric energy

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It is the work made by the Coulomb's force, by a charge Q on a charge Q', necessary to bring tha second charge from a certain distance to an infinite one.

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It is a function, whose variation changed of sign is equal to the work made by the electric field to bring a charge from an infinite distance to a certain one.

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                Linear and infinite charge distribution's electric field

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                Linear and infinite charge distribution's electric field

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It has radial direction respect to the line.

Outgoing verse if the charge is positive, incoming if the charge is negative.

Modulus given by the formula:

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                           Plane and infinite charge distribution's electric field

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                           Plane and infinite charge distribution's electric field

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It is perpendicular to the charge plane.

It has outgoig verse if the charge is positive, and incoming one if the charge is negative

Modulus given by the formula:

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                            Theoreme's demonstration

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                            Theoreme's demonstration

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Given a Gaussian surface, a sphere, it is divided into pieces small enough to be considered plan. Than we calculate the flux for every pieces.

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     The two scientists who worked on the concept of flux

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     The two scientists who worked on the concept of flux

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                                 Gauss' Theoreme

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                                 Gauss' Theoreme

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The German scientist Friedrich Gauss demonstrated an important theoreme regarding the electric field's flux; it is also called "Maxwell's first equation".

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                                   Electric field's flux

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                                   Electric field's flux

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It is the dot product between the electric field and the surface through whome it flows.

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                                            Electric field's lines

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                                            Electric field's lines

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They are tangential point-to-point to the vector.

They are oriented in the field's verse.

Their density is directly proportional to the field's intensity.

They enter in the positive charges and exit from negative ones.

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               Electric field of a point charge

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               Electric field of a point charge

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This is the simplest filed. Considering Coulomb's law, it becomes:

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                      How do we calculate it?

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                      How do we calculate it?

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Characterizing the electric field, we consider a proof charge q, small and uninfluent, and the force F having effect on q. The electric field is directly proportional to the force, and it doesn't depend of q. The modulus of the vector will be:

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                            Electric field

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                            Electric field

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The electric field is a perturbation of the space, produced by an electric charge, and perceived by a second charge. It is a vectorial field.

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A field, is a perturbation, a new status of things, produced by a body deforming the space.