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Federalism: 10th Amendment, The legalization of Marijuana in-state.

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Federalism: 10th Amendment, The legalization of Marijuana in-state.

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Though there are no specifics in the constitution, the Federal Government has made the sale, and possession of marijuana illegal nation-wide. But because there is nothing in the constitution that prohibits the use and sale of medicinal, or recreational marijuana, states have found loopholes to make it legal within their states lines. The tenth amendment is where they find the loophole to this law, it's brief, but states," The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." giving the states power to enforce a law allowing medicinal/recreational use of marijuana if they wanted.

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Separation of Powers or Checks and Balances: U.S. v.s. Alvarez.

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Separation of Powers or Checks and Balances: U.S. v.s. Alvarez.

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In 2005 Congress passed The Stolen Valor Act, and was signed into law in December 2006 by the President. The Act addressed the unauthorized wear, manufacture, or sale of any military decorations and medals, and how it should be made illegal to do so. In the case U.S. v.s. Alvarez, Xavier Alvarez an elected member of a water district board in California, identified himself at a public meeting as a retired U.S. Marine who had been wounded in combat many times, and had received the Congressional Medal of Honor. None of Alvarez's claims were true, so he was taken to court and tried for violating the Stolen Valor Act, In court however, Alvarez's lawyer said the Act was violating his first amendment rights; though the court rejected this statement. But under more observation from the Judicial Branch, it was decided in 2012 that  the Act was unconstitutional because it infringed on the right to free speech protected by the First Amendment. Congress is considering creating a law that is more specific than the Stolen Valor Act of 2005. The Stolen Valor Act of 2011 now makes it a federal crime for anyone to benefit financially from false claims about military service, records, or awards.

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In 2001 The 107th Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Interfere and Obstruct Terrorism Act, also known as the PATRIOT Act. This Act allowed the government` to monitor the behavior of suspected terrorists, and innocent, everyday Americans, by collecting meta-data from phone companies on peoples personal calls. But this Act broke down barriers that can't be repaired because in 2013, a man named Edward Snowden released documents to the media containing evidence that the government was spying on us. There were about 9,000-10,000 documents leaked disclosing information about an NSA program named the Personal Record Information System Methodology, or P.R.I.S.M. for short. It allows for the government to get a lot more personal then we thought. P.R.I.S.M. software gives access to the government to see our personal and Identifiable Information, which includes names and addresses, with data records accessed from other sources, including emails, text messages and phone calls.

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Popular Sovereignty: The Ludlow Amendment

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Popular Sovereignty: The Ludlow Amendment

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The Ludlow Amendment was proposed to the Constitution of the United States. The amendment would call for a national referendum for any declaration of war by Congress, except in cases when the United States had been attacked first. The amendment was never passed, and can no longer be passed, but if it had been passed, U.S. citizens would've gained way more power in the government, and in decision making for the country.

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In 1824 the first power struggle between State and Federal Government occurred. Ogden was a powerhouse in the commerce industry of New York. He owned various waterways, and he forced vessels from other states to pay significant fees to navigate through his waterways. Gibbons was a trader who transported goods, via steamboat, between New York and New Jersey. Gibbons felt that he shouldn't have to pay Ogden's fees because he had a federal coastal license. Gibbons claimed that New York could not supersede the authority of Congress regarding commerce between multiple states. Marshall Court ruled in favor of Gibbons, it was concluded that the federal government holds more power than state governments regarding the issue of interstate commerce. The power difference between federal and state governments has been the same since.

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Separation of Powers or Checks and Balances: Nixon v.s. U.S.

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Separation of Powers or Checks and Balances: Nixon v.s. U.S.

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In 1974 a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision resulted in a unanimous 8–0 ruling against President Richard Nixon. It was important to the late stages of the Watergate scandal. It is considered a crucial precedent limiting the power of any U.S. President. Checks and balances entails counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. This shall no longer be overlooked on the President's behalf. Just because someone is President, doesn't mean they can do no wrong, so they are susceptible to the same checks as the wrest of the branches, so there are no more scandals, and resignations quite as bad as this one.

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In 1933, in the middle of the worst part of the great depression the government wanted to have a cap on the amount of income one individual could make, and keep. The government would cap the amount of income a person could make at one million dollars, and the rest of your money would go to the government to help pay off the national debt. It was designed to help the poor get richer and rich stay rich. This Amendment never made it very far, but it would have given the government power it's never had before.

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Popular Sovereignty: The 17th Amendment.

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Popular Sovereignty: The 17th Amendment.

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In 1913 an amendment was ratified to ensure that the states had a direct say in who their state representatives were.  The 17th amendment modified Article I, section 3, of the Constitution which said," The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Each state, regardless of population, gets two seats in the Senate.". It has since been changed to say," The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Each state, regardless of population, gets two seats in the Senate.". Prior to what is now the 17th amendment states had no direct say in who their state's representatives were; For 125 years, the states legislators would choose their state's representatives for the citizens; The 17th amendment has since changed this.

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               Constitutional Stability 

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               Constitutional Stability 

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All about the parts in the American Constitution that prevented change to other portions of the
Constitution since 1800.

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All about the legal changes in America's
Constitution since 1800.