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Olfactory Neuron
http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/senses-and-perception/articles/2015/making-sense-of-scents-smell-and-the-brain/http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/senses-and-perception/articles/2015/making-sense-of-scents-smell-and-the-brain/
Olfactory Bulb
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brainbabble/201501/smells-ring-bells-how-smell-triggers-memories-and-emotions>

http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/senses-and-perception/articles/2015/making-sense-of-scents-smell-and-the-brain/
Olfactory receptors
http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2015/02/28/10-sniffers-animal-kingdom.aspx

http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2015/02/28/10-sniffers-animal-kingdom.aspx
Questions
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-babble/201501/smells-ring-bells-how-smell-triggers-memories-and-emotions

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Smell is processed in the amygdala and hippocampus.

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Be sure to explain how all the structures contribute to smelling.

Thalamus, amygdala, pirifrom cortex old

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How are the senses of smell and taste related?

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How are the senses of smell and taste related?

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Smell and  taste are related because if you  can't smell you most likely would not be able to taste most foods and or drinks.

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Why do certain smells instantly evoke specific memories or feelings? 

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Why do certain smells instantly evoke specific memories or feelings? 

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The answer is likely due to brain anatomy. Incoming smells are first processed by the olfactory bulb, which starts inside the nose and runs along the bottom of the brain. The olfactory bulb has direct connections to two brain areas that are strongly implicated in emotion and memory:  the amygdala and hippocampus. Interestingly, visual, auditory (sound), and tactile (touch) information do not pass through these brain areas. This may be why olfaction, more than any other sense, is so successful at triggering emotions and memories.

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If you hold your nose while eating, how are tastes affected? Why? 

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If you hold your nose while eating, how are tastes affected? Why? 

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You won't be able to taste what you are eating because more than 75% of your taste comes from your smell. Also if you don't breathe in and out through your nose the smell won't be able to carry your smell cells

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Your smell begins in the back of the nose, which has millions of sensory neurons or on a strip of tissue in your nose.

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Olfactory receptors can be activated by many different types of odor molecules. The forces that bind can be in many different types of strength. When the forces interact with odor molecules, they allow us to smell. When an odor molecules bind to a receptor, it sends an electricall sinal that travel from the sensory neurons, then it travels to the olfactory bulbs. Olfactory receptors also known as OR's detect odors in the environment, and OR genes constitute the largest multigene family in mammals. Numbers of OR genes vary greatly among species--reflecting the respective species lifestyles.

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Olfactory bulb is a structure at the base of the forebrain that relays the signal to other brain ares for additional proccessing. An example of one of these areas is the piriform cortex, a collection for neurons behind that olfactory bulb that works to identify the smell. Smells that are coming in are first proccesed by the olfactory bulb. This process starts in the nose and runs along the bottom part of the brain. The olfactory brain has direct connections with two big parts of the brain, the hippocamus, and the amygdala. When a test was done, participants showed that when if the stimuli triggered any kind of memory or emotion that participant were to hold that image in your mind until the next presentation. When smelling EO, participants showed the greatest activation in the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus (a region surrounding the hippocampus). This data suggest that odors that trigger strong, emotional memories also trigger elevated activity in the brain areas strongly linked to emotion and memory.

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Once an odor molecule binds to a receptor, it initiates an electrical signal that travels from the sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb. One of these areas is the piriform cortex. The piriform is a collection of neurons located just behind the olfactory bulb that works to identify the smell.
Millions of olfactory neurons lie on a strip of tissue at the back of the nose.

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Nostrils are the two holes on your lower nose that air is breathed in and out from. They also increase your chance of survival if you cand breath through your mouth.