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In 1793, Samuel Slater opened up the first successful textile Mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The Mill was powered by water, and had interchangeable parts.

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Eli Whitney started making muskets in 1798 in factories with interchangeable parts. Interchangeable parts started to become more and more popular, and soon, inventors were using interchangeable parts for lots of different inventions.

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In 1800, nearly five million people lived in rural areas, and only 322,000 lived in cities. But during the Industrial Revolution, many people left the farms for cities. It wasn't until the 1920's did more people live in cities than on farms.

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During the nation's early years, slavery was legal in the North. But by the early 1800's, all of the northern states passed law to bring an end to slavery. In some states, only the children of the slaves gained freedom at first, and many didn't fully bring an end to slavery until the mid 1800's. Still, Many freed African Americans lived in the North, and their numbers grew in the early 1800's.

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Francis was a Boston Merchant that found a way to improve the textile mills. He built a new mill in Waltham Massachusetts. After his death, the people named the town after him, and built and named a new factory after him. In 1821, Lowell village was a town with five farm families living there.

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In 1825, Jethro Plow began to manufacture the iron plow with interchangeable parts. John Deere later improved on the idea by making a lightweight steel plow. Earlier plows that were made out of wood or iron had to be pulled by oxen which was strong but slow, but a horse could pull a steel plow more quickly.

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In 1834, Philo Stewart invented a cast iron stove that was small enough to use in an average kitchen.The cast iron stove was a great success. About 90,000 were sold.

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The Lowell girls were a group of girls that worked in the Lowell textile mills. They usually worked for a few years before returning home to get married. The girls made an economic contribution to the American Society by providing labor for the Industrial Revolution. Most girls sent their wages home to their family. Most families were hesitant to let their daughters go and work in the mills, but to reassure the parents, the company built boardinghouses. They also made rules to protect the girls.

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In 1844, Samuel F. B. Morse received a patent for a "talking wire" or the telegraph. The telegraph was an invention that sent electrical signals along a wire. It was a new technology that made it possible for scientists to discover electricity.

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In 1847, Cyrus McCormick opened up a factory in Chicago that produced mechanical reapers. The reaper was a horse drawn machine that was capable of cutting wheat and other grains. The reaper could do the work of five people using hand tools.