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Simon Maccabee, a.k.a Thassi (142-134 B.C.)

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Simon Maccabee, a.k.a Thassi (142-134 B.C.)

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A wise man and a good king, he was appointed by the people to be the king, general, and high priest.

He defeated a Syrian-Greek general in battle and also had the negotiation skills to get Judea exempted from certain taxes.

He renewed Spartan and Roman alliances.

Simon and his two sons were murdered by his son-in-law, Ptolemy, during a banquet.

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He was the youngest son of Simon Maccabee.

The Syrian Army surrounded him in Jerusalem for a year.

His army would conquer several Syrian cities.

He forced the Edomites to convert to Judaism, which was the beginning of the end as the Herodians would come from the Edomites.

Religious factions such as the Pharisees  and Sadducees came about; he would flip-flop his allegiance. He was not good at unifying the kingdom.

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Judah Aristobulus was Johanan Hyracanus's oldest son.

He imprisoned his mother and brothers, his mother starving to death.

When fighting in Intura, he forced conversion to Judaism and circumcision on the people.

After killing his brother over conspiracy, he died of grief.

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Alexander Yannai or Alexander Jordan (103-76 B.C)

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Alexander Yannai or Alexander Jordan (103-76 B.C)

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As one of the brothers that Judah Aristobulus imprisoned, he was released by his brothers' widow, whom he married.

He had to be bailed out by Egyptians after  he was defeated by Ptolemy Lathyrus via his  invasion of Judah.

The Pharisees did not like him at all and pelted him with citrons, so Yannai sent an army on 6,000 Pharisees and slaughtered them, inciting a civil war.

His various failed military efforts left him wildly unpopular and he had for flee at one point.

He died at the age of 51 during the besiege of Regev.

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He was not the rightful heir as the youngest son of Alexander Yannai, so his ascension to the throne resulted in fighting with his brother, Hyrcanus II, in Jericho.

The Pharisees and King Harith taking his brother's side, and with all of this infighting Judea fell to Rome after Pompey the Great took Aristobulus II's side.

Things went from 0 to 100 really quick and Aristobulus was imprisoned by Pompey, escaped and tried to incite a revolt but was recaptured.

Julius Caesar freed him, but on his way back to Syria, he was poisoned by Pompey's supporters and died.

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After all the drama with his younger brother Aristobulus II, Rome preferred him as a puppet ruler with Julius Caesar eventually giving him political authority.

He was not weak, unassertive leader, so he left most of his power to one of his advisors, Antipater.

His advisor then crowned his nephew king and high priest, and Hyracanus II was banished to Babylonia.

Antipater's son Herod defeated Hyracanus's nephew, married his niece and invited Huracanus back from exile.

Herod betrayed Hyracanus and executed him for treason.

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There was a lot of unrest during Antigonus' time, he was just trying to do his best by Judea. He was unsuccessfull.

After Antipater's murder, Antigonus tried to gain control of Judea but was defeated by Herod.

He formed and alliance with the Parthians, who conquered Jerusalem in 40 B.C.

Herod got Marc Antony's support, so Antigonus' victory didn't last long; he was beheaded by the Romans at Antioch.

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He was a violent and tyrannical leader

Herod got on the good side of the Roman senate, and they made him "King of the Jews"

Many military stations/forts were built under his reign, such as in Alexadrium and Masada

His rule was murderous; he had his sister and son strangled to death and is the one responsible for the massacre of all Bethlehem boys under 2 years.

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The son of Herod and a Samaritan woman, the people were glad to have anyone after Herod died.

Things went downhill pretty quickly after the Pharisees  pressured him to remove the Sadducean high priest and Archelaus had 3,000 of them killed on the Temple Mount.

He went to Rome to have his rule legitimized, but the Roman emperor just divided his section into 3.

His return was poorly received and he was eventually brought to trial in Rome.

He was founded guilty and exiled to Gaul, where he would die.

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He was Herod's youngest son, well-educated and well-traveled. He would built forts all around his domain, including Tiberias, an area he would name the capital of Galilee, and it goes downhill after that

His second wife was his widowed half-sister-in-law/niece, so his first wife had her father Harith invade the tetrarch.

He had John the Baptist beheaded.

Hatred for him was felt by Pontius Pilates/the Romans and the people of Judea due to the attempted tetrarch invasion and his second marriage, respectively.

He was exiled to Gaul and died in Spain.

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He was Antipas' nephew, or Antipas' second wife's brother.

When he was appointed market overseer in Tiberias, he befriend future Emperor Caligula, earning some rule of the tetrarch.

Emperor Claudius liked him and made him king over all of Judea and Samaria.

The Judeans greatly admired him as he was deeply religious with similar beliefs as the Pharisees.

He died while holding games in  Caesarea honoring Claudius due to sudden onset abdominal and heart pain, likely a result of being poisoned by Romans.

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(Marcus Julius) Agrippa II (44-100 A.D.)

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(Marcus Julius) Agrippa II (44-100 A.D.)

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He was only 17 when his father, Agrippa I, died, and thus Claudius just gave him authority Chalcis and supervision. over the Temple, where he could nominate the high priest

There was a lot of drama around him constantly switching out high priests.

Paul the Apostle pleaded his case to him and his sister.

He was unable to calm the people down from rebellion during The Great Revolt but was still able to have some rule.

Agrippa II died without children, ending the Hasmonean-Herodian line.