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A primary event that sparked World War 1 was the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the imperial throne of the Austro Hungarian throne, on June 28, 1914 by Bosnian nationalists. With Austria- Hungary annexing Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, tensions were booing over with many Slavic upset at the fact that they were not independent. Ferdinand’s assasination  was a byproduct and the fallout turned very messy. A lot of the European countries had different allies that may not have been involved in the initial conflict, but were then forced to assist their countries when war was inevitable.

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Woodrow Wilson took a very cautious approach to the war, stating that he did not want the US involved in any war, however a multitude of reasons shifted his point of view.

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Nationalism: There was a lot of pride towards one’s country
Imperialism: The act of taking control over another country in order to strengthen one’s own political and economical power
Militarism: Use armed forces as a means of diplomacy
Alliance System: France, Britain and Russia formed the Allies, and Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary formed the Central Powers.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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The Battle of the Somme: A bloody battle that caused more than a million casualties with the French and German engaging in lengthy trench warfare. When it was over, the Allies had only advanced a few kilometres.

The sinking of the HMS Lusitania: In May 1915, a German U-boat attacked the British ship Lusitania, killing 1,195 people, including 128 Americans. This deeply angered the US, as Germany had broken international ‘prize laws’ which declared that ships had to be warned of imminent attacks. Germany defended their actions, however, stating that the ship was carrying weapons intended for warfare. This was a major factor in the U.S joining the war.

The Bolshevik Revolution: World War 1 became an unpopular conflict in Russia, so much so that a revolution broke out forcing the abdication of Russia’s last Tsar, Nicholas II, in early 1917. Vlademir Lenin’s Bolsheviks took over eventually and withdrew from the war, obviously hurting the Allies.

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As stated before, Wilson wanted the United States to not be involved with the War, and to follow an isolationist type of approach to any extreme foreign affair. This stemmed from the precedent George Washington set when he was president. There was a point of realization, however, when Wilson realized that isolationism just wouldn’t cut it anymore, and this was primarily discovered when German U-Boats sunk the Lusitania, a ship that just so happened to be carrying over 100 Americans.  This led Wilson to have an epiphany, where in one of his speeches towards Congress (I’m which he declared war on Germany), stated that “But armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable”. This shows Wilson’s realization that Washington’s old methods were simply not suited for the modern world (at the time).

Source: Wilson primary sourcehttps://docs.google.com/file/d/1Z6h0ry_zTGXEW6Z_ORHL-htrNKpmmWZ1/edit?usp=docslist_api&filetype=msword

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiD4O2h6dv3AhXolYkEHdh3BooQuAJ6BAgCEAc&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNHF9SqOPMBw&usg=AOvVaw20LQikB2RDdIj5rEMoDGGy
This is a video that models the sinking of the Lusitania.

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While the war raged on in Europe, at home the US government created policies, committees, and propaganda to strengthen and protect the country such as; Committee on Public Information, War Industries Board, and the Espionage and Sedition Acts. The Espionage and Sedition Acts persecuted and convicted over 2000 Americans on poorly substantiated and murky evidence including the case of Abrams v. United States which upheld the Espionage act and convicted multiple people over their distribution of papers which were advocating dissenting political views as a whole.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyonthenet.com%2Fworld-war-i-propaganda&psig=AOvVaw3ZjtkMlgZCFJMSRhdbywTV&ust=1652508651501000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCIC3yMvo2_cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
This image is probably one of the most famous forms of US propaganda towards joining the war. It was quite an effective method of influencing young men to go to war

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Women started to take up the jobs that were held by the men who had left for the war. The suffragette movement used this as an opportune time to push for equality. One such example was seen with Carrie Chapman Catt who wrote letters to different government representatives including president Wilson. In his response he commented “let me say that I candidly do not think that this is the opportune time to press the claims of our women upon the Congress. The thought of the Congress is so much centered upon the matters immediately connected with the conduct of the war that I think the general feeling would be that the time was not well chosen.” (Letter). A year after this letter President Wilson would bring the issue to congress and would speak in favor of the 19th Ammendment.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwar1centennial.org%2Findex.php%2Fcommunicate%2Fpress-media%2Fwwi-centennial-news%2F6062-women-played-vital-roles-in-world-war-i.html&psig=AOvVaw29o59BzimuyHr2_r6EYKu4&ust=1652508217271000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCIDf_oDn2_cCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
This image shows how women took over a majority of male run industries when the men went to go fight the war, an observation that helped in the justifying of the 19th Amendment.

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President Wilson aimed to “fix” the flaws uprooted by World War 1, stating in his Fourteen Points that “The programme of the world's peace, therefore, is our programme; and that programme, the only possible programme, as we see it, is this:…” This essentially shows how Wilson is taking the worlds peace as America’s responsibility, and offers his 14 points as a possible resolution. In shorter terms, the 14 terms consisted of Wilson proposing was to prevent future wars, border disputes, and the creation of the League of Nations. Unfortunately, a majority of his suggestions were shut down by other Ally leaders (mostly because they were significantly more angry than Wilson was), and the Allies decided to settle on the establishment of the League. In Europe, the Treaty of Versailles placed Germany as the scapegoat for the war, forcing the country to pay full reparations. The problem with this was that there was no way the Germany would have been able to afford such costly reparations (in fact, the final payment for the war was made less than 12 years ago). On the brighter side however, 9 new nations were they were just sections of larger countries that now had weaker power. America emerged stronger than ever though, with a strengthened government and improved social lives universally.

https://docs.google.com/file/d/1C6aFNh-X0DzIyM5t019eWfkG6St5dzaJ/edit?usp=docslist_api&filetype=msword

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj_gs3C59v3AhUFkIkEHeZgBgsQuAJ6BAgFEAc&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlbdhxLVlrhI&usg=AOvVaw23G9f_C57r_9oJLdqy08Oq
The second half video goes over Wilson’s points and why they weren’t globally accepted. It also talks about what came out of the 14 points (the League of Nations)

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DdGwCDrCvPqObxLYNcOJZhYpl3SMFr9LTyH-IVgaJWc/edit