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Only 12.5 percent of e-waste is currently recycled.

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Students will be able to consider the effects of severe weather such as droughts and storms, by analysing and presenting data as evidence in developing explanations. This aligns with the standard ACSSU096, highlighting the importance of sudden geological changes and extreme weather events on Earth's surface.

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Hurricane, or Tropical Cyclone, Katrina struck the southeastern United States in late August 2005. The hurricane and its aftermath claimed more than 1,800 lives, and it ranked as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history.

The storm began as a tropical depression over The Bahamas on August 23, 2005. Over the next two days it gathered strength, becoming a tropical storm that was named Katrina. It made landfall between Miami, Florida, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida, as a category 1 hurricane. Such hurricanes are capable of producing winds in the range of 74-95 miles per hour (119-154 kilometers per hour). Winds recorded at 70 miles per hour (115 kilometers per hour) whipped over Florida, and rainfall totals of 5 inches (13 centimeters) were reported in some areas. After less than eight hours over land, the storm moved off into the Gulf of Mexico, where it quickly intensified due to the warm waters.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Christine McCabe and Kenny Chmielewski

On August 27 Katrina strengthened to a category 3 hurricane (with winds capable of exceeding 115 miles per hour [185 kilometers per hour]) and covered nearly the entire Gulf of Mexico. By the following afternoon Katrina had become one of the most powerful Atlantic storms on record, with winds in excess of 170 miles per hour (275 kilometers per hour). On the morning of August 29, the storm made landfall as a category 4 hurricane at Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, approximately 45 miles (70 kilometers) southeast of New Orleans, Louisiana. It continued moving to the northeast, crossing the Mississippi Sound and hitting land a second time later that morning near the mouth of the Pearl River. A storm surge more than 26 feet (8 meters) high slammed into the coastal cities of Gulfport and Biloxi, Mississippi, destroying homes and resorts along the beachfront.

New Orleans, where much of the metropolitan area is below sea level, had been spared a direct hit. However, the levee system designed to hold back the waters of Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Borgne failed after being inundated with 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain and Katrina's storm surge. Areas of the city began to flood. By the afternoon of August 29, some 20 percent of the city was underwater.

A mandatory evacuation of New Orleans was ordered the previous day, and an estimated 1.2 million people left ahead of the storm. However, tens of thousands of residents either could not or would not leave. Some stayed in their homes while others sought shelter at the New Orleans Convention Center or the Louisiana Superdome. In the meantime, the levee system continued to give way, and by August 30 the city was 80 percent underwater. Many local agencies, with their own headquarters and control centers under 20 feet (6 meters) of water, were unable to respond to the dire situation. Without an organized effort to restore order in the city, looting became widespread.

The Red Cross set up a shelter at the Houston Astrodome, some 350 miles (560 kilometers) away from New Orleans. Although the first evacuees began to arrive on August 31, tens of thousands of people remained in the city. By September 1 an estimated 30,000 people had fled to the damaged Superdome, and an additional 25,000 had gathered at the Convention Center. Shortages of food and potable water quickly became an issue, and daily temperatures reached 90° F (32° C). A lack of basic sanitation as well as bacteria-laden floodwaters created a public health emergency.

By September 2 an effective military presence was established in the city to restore order. National Guard troops also were used to distribute food and water. Hurricane victims were still being evacuated, and crews began to rebuild the breached levees. On September 6, local police estimated that there were fewer than 10,000 residents left in New Orleans. As the recovery began, dozens of countries contributed funds and supplies, and Canada and Mexico deployed troops to the Gulf Coast to assist with the cleanup and rebuilding. The last of the floodwaters were pumped out of the city on October 11, 2005, some 43 days after Katrina made landfall. Ultimately, the storm caused more than $100 billion in damage, and it reduced the population of New Orleans to a fraction of its former size.

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Hurricane, or Tropical Cyclone, Katrina struck the southeastern United States in late August 2005. The hurricane and its aftermath claimed more than 1,800 lives, and it ranked as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. The storm began as a tropical depression over The Bahamas on August 23, 2005.

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brand safety-nsf accidents and disasters

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Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts | CNN

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Read CNN's Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts to learn about one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in US history.

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Cyclone Tracy has been described as the most significant tropical cyclone in Australia's history and it changed how we viewed the threat of tropical cyclones to northern Australia.

Five days before Christmas 1974, satellite images showed evidence of a tropical depression in the Arafura Sea, 700 kilometres north-east of Darwin.

The following day the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Darwin issued a warning that a cyclone had formed and gave it the name Tracy.

Quick facts

Tracy was reported as a category four cyclone.

It was small but intense, the radius of the galeforce winds was only 50km.

Made landfall just north of Fannie Bay at 3:30am on Christmas Day 1974 and passed directly over Darwin.

Wind gust of 217kph was recorded before anemometer at Darwin Airport failed. Maximum wind gusts have been estimated at up to 240kph.

Darwin received 250mm of rain in 12 hours.

Debris indicated a four-metre storm surge at Casuarina Beach.

Sixty-five people died - 49 in Darwin and 16 lost at sea.

At least 90 per cent of homes in Darwin were demolished or badly damaged.

Total damage bill came to around $800 million or nearly $4.5 billion in today's money.

More than 30,000 Darwin residents were evacuated after the cyclone, many never returned.

Sources include Bureau of Meteorology
At this stage Cyclone Tracy was moving south-west, but as it passed north-west of Bathurst Island on December 23 it slowed down and changed course.

It rounded Cape Fourcroy that night and began moving south-east, with Darwin directly in its path.

The first warning that Darwin was under threat came at 12:30pm on Christmas Eve when a top-priority flash cyclone warning was issued advising people that Cyclone Tracy was expected to make landfall early Christmas morning.

Despite 12 hours' warning of the cyclone's impending arrival, it fell largely on deaf ears.

Residents were complacent after a near-miss from Cyclone Selma a few weeks before and distracted by the festive season.

Indeed in the preceding decade the Bureau of Meteorology had identified 25 cyclones in Northern Territory waters but few had caused much damage.

As Kevin Murphy describes in his history of NT tropical cyclones Big Blow Up North: "The residents of [Darwin] could almost have been forgiven for thinking by now that they were invincible."

Small but intense

Severe Tropical Cyclone Tracy was a small but intense system at landfall.

The radius of the galeforce winds extended only 50 kilometres from the eye of the cyclone, making it one of the smallest tropical cyclones on record according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Records show that prior to Tracy, at least six tropical cyclones had severely impacted Darwin.

The worst of these was in January 1897 when a "disastrous hurricane" nearly destroyed the settlement and 28 people died.

However unlike Tracy, it is thought this cyclone did not directly pass over Darwin.

And while Tracy was reported as a category four cyclone, some meteorologists today believe it may have been a category five shortly before it made landfall.

At midnight on Christmas Day wind gusts greater than 100 kilometres per hour began to be recorded.

The centre of the cyclone reached East Point at 3:15am and made landfall just north of Fannie Bay at 3:30am.

Tracy was so strong it bent a railway signal tower in half.

The city was devastated by the cyclone. At least 90 per cent of homes in Darwin were demolished or badly damaged. Forty-five vessels in the harbour were wrecked or damaged.

In addition to the 65 people who died, 145 were admitted to hospital with serious injuries.

Vegetation was damaged up to 80 kilometres away from the coast and Darwin felt eerily quiet due to the lack of insect and bird life.

Within a week after the cyclone hit more than 30,000 Darwin residents had been evacuated by air or road, more than two-thirds of the population at that time.

Cyclone Tracy remains one of Australia's greatest disasters.

As Murphy wrote 10 years after the cyclone: "The impact of Cyclone Tracy has reached far beyond the limits of Darwin itself. All along the tropical coasts of northern Australia and beyond a new cyclone awareness has emerged."

That legacy continues today.

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Cyclone Tracy is considered the most significant tropical cyclone in Australia's history and changed how we view the threat to northern Australia.

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In 1974, Territorians had to pitch in together on Christmas morning after raging Cyclone Tracy flattened 70 per cent of Darwin.

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Typhoon Haiyan was a tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines in South East Asia in November 2013. It was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded with winds of 313 km/h. In some areas, 281.9 mm of rainfall was recorded, much of which fell in under 12 hours. Waves of up to 7 m in height battered the coast. The Philippines is a fairly poor part of the world with minimal investment in prediction, planning and protection schemes.

Typhoon Haiyan had significant economic, social and environmental impact.

Economic impacts

The overall economic impact of Typhoon Haiyan is estimated at $5.8 billion (£3.83 billion).

Six million workers lost their sources of income.

Major rice, corn and sugar-producing areas for the Philippines were destroyed affecting the country's international trade and farmers' incomes.

Tacloban's city airport was severely damaged, affecting business and tourism.

Fishing communities were severely affected with the storm destroying 30,000 boats and associated equipment.

Social impacts

More than 7,000 people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan.

1.9 million people were left homeless and more than 6,000,000 displaced.

There were outbreaks of disease due to the lack of sanitation, food, water, shelter, and medication.

Less affected areas reported that their populations more than doubled after the typhoon with the influx of refugees.

The Tacloban city government was devastated, with only 70 people at work in the immediate days after the disaster compared to 2,500 normally. Many were killed, injured, lost family or were simply too traumatised to work.

In the city of Tacloban, widespread looting took place in the days following the typhoon.

Environmental impacts

Widespread floods damaged and in many cases destroyed homes and businesses in coastal areas.

The Philippine government estimated that about 71,000 hectares of farmland was affected.

Thousands of trees were uprooted leading to a massive release of carbon dioxide and loss of habitat with resulting effects on wildlife.

Flooding knocked over Power Barge 103 causing an oil spill affecting mangrove ecosystems.

Major roads were blocked by trees, and were impassable.

Responses

Even though the loss of life was significant, it could have been much worse if not for the efforts of PAGASA, the Philippines' meteorological agency. It broadcast warnings two days before Typhoon Haiyan hit, leading to the evacuation of approximately 750,000 residents.

The Philippines formally declared 'A State of National Calamity' and asked for international help, one day after Typhoon Haiyan hit the country.

The UK government provided food, shelter, clean water, medicine and other supplies for up to 800,000 victims.

Several charities provided emergency aid such as water, food and shelter. In the longer term, they are helping people get their livelihoods back, for example by repairing fishing boats or distributing rice seeds.

The United Nations launched an international aid appeal in December 2013 for £480 million to finance the humanitarian relief effort for 2014.

In 2014, the Philippines commissioned billboards in some of the world's prime advertising sites such as New York's Times Square and London's Piccadilly Circus to thank people for their help after Typhoon Haiyan.

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Tropical cyclone case study - Typhoon Haiyan - Tropical cyclones - Edexcel - GCSE Geography Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

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Typhoon Haiyan was a tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines in South East Asia in November 2013. It was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded with winds of 313 km/h. In some areas, 281.9 mm of rainfall was recorded, much of which fell in under 12 hours.

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Editor's note: Numbers are changing daily as more reports of affected and displaced are verified by the Philippines government. We will update the information below accordingly. Our sources are UN OCHA and the Philippines government.
On November 8, 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan cut a devastating path across the central Philippines. More than 16 million people were affected across the Visayas region, where the storm is known as Yolanda.

Mercy Corps' emergency team is working to rush supplies like clean water, food packages, blankets and hygiene kits to survivors.
You can help by donating to our Humanitarian Response Fund ▸
Here are some key facts about the tragic situation in the Philippines right now:

Super Typhoon Haiyan

Storm strength: Equivalent of Category 5, the highest - and the strongest tropical cyclone to ever make landfall

Sustained wind speed at landfall: 195 miles per hour - breaking the previous highest record of 190 mph

Wind gusts: Up to 235 miles per hour

Surge in sea level during the storm: 13 feet

Impact

World Health Organization disaster classification: Category 3, the highest - on par with the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the Haiti earthquake in 2010

People affected: More than 16 million

Death toll: More than 6,000

People injured: More than 27,000

People displaced: 4.1 million

People in need of food: 2.5 million

Amount of area destroyed in the storm's path: 70 to 80 percent

Homes damaged or destroyed: 1.2 million - over half of which were completely destroyed

Amount of homes lost in hardest-hit areas: 90 percent

Most immediate threats to survivors (in order of urgency): Lack of safe drinking water, no shelter, untreated injuries and illnesses, insufficient food, lack of sanitation and personal hygiene items, lack of household supplies like fuel

The Philippines

Population: 98 million

Population living on less than $2 per day: 2 in 5

Number of babies to be born in typhoon-affected areas this month: 12,000

Share of roads that are paved: 22.2 percent

Global rank on infrastructure quality in 2009: 94

Global rank on infrastructure quality in 2011: 113

Emergency response

Members of Mercy Corps' emergency team: Experts in water, sanitation, logistics and distribution

Number of disasters our team has responded to since 2007: 23

Our immediate priorities: Food, water, hygiene and temporary shelter

Source of emergency relief supplies: Local wholesalers and vendors, to support the recovery of the local economy

When a larger permanent team is likely to be in place: December, with a focus on recovery and long-term rebuilding

Our early recovery efforts: Providing shelters materials and cash to rebuild; giving children a safe space to recover from trauma; pursuing larger-scale water and sanitation solutions

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The facts: What you need to know about Super Typhoon Haiyan

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It's one of the worst disasters in recent history. See the map of Haiyan's impact in the Philippines - and the response to help survivors.

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What’s the difference between hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons? - CBBC Newsround

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Find out how hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons differ depending on where they appear.

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Cyclones, typhoons and hurricanes are devastating weather events. Their size and impact are often visible from space.

Choose one of following extreme weather events to research

a) Hurricane Katrina

b) Cyclone Tracey

c) Typhoon Haiyan

Fill in the report card

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