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1.During the post-World War II period, a conservative movement grew in the United States.
2.This movement gained momentum particularly during the presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater,who had written a book titled The Conscience of a Conservative in 1960.
3.Though Goldwater was unsuccessful in his campaign, the conservative movement gained strength throughout the 1960s and helped Richard Nixon win the election of 1968.
4.While running for office, Nixon campaigned that he would address two important issues in the United States during that time— the Vietnam War and the environment.
5.After his election, Nixon's administration established the Environmental Protection Agency, which was designed to protect land, air, water, and human health.

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diplomacy Art of managing international negotiations.
balm To act in a quieting manner.
assetsProperty of a person or business.

1.The first result of detente was the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) signed in May 1971. 2.The nuclear arms race by that time had progressed to the point where both sides had the means to annihilate each other many times over.
3.The treaty limited the number of antiballistic missiles (ABMs) and land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) each side could have.
4.The treaty did not halt the arms race, as both sides simply pursued development of weapons not covered by the agreement.
5.However, it was a limited and symbolic first step in trying to ease tensions between the superpowers.

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cruise missile A long range, jet propelled, winged bomb.

1.Gerald Rudolph Ford had an undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan where he played football, and in 1941 received a law degree from Yale.
2.Ford served in the Navy on an aircraft carrier during World War II.
3.He was elected to the House of Representatives from Michigan in 1948 and was reelected thirteen consecutive times.
4.He was minority leader of the House when Richard Nixon chose him to replace resigning Vice President Spiro Agnew in 1973.
5.Ford became president on August 9, 1974, upon the resignation of Richard Nixon.

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subpoena A legal document requiring one to appear in court.
lunar landing module The module that disconnects from the command module before landing on the moon.
inflation A sharp or sudden rise in prices resulting from too great expansion in paper money or bank credit.
impeach To formally accuse or charge a public official of serious misconduct.
detente Lessening of hostilities and tensions between nations.

1.Nixon went on to win reelection in 1972 by a landslide, but his second term was short and sordid.
2.In 1974, he became the first president to resign from office.
3.He was facing certain impeachment over his involvement in the Watergate Scandal.
4.His vice president, Spiro Agnew, had resigned in 1973 over separate accusations he had received money illegally during his tenure administration office.
5.Agnew was replaced by Gerald Ford using, for the first time, the procedures laid down in the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution.

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quarantine Imposed isolation or restriction.

1.The invaders were quickly pinned down and defeated by Castro's army.
2.A popular uprising in support of the invasion never occurred.
3. Kennedy took full responsibility for the disaster in his public address to the nation.
4.The attack made Castro believe that an American invasion of his country was inevitable, and he began to plot to prevent it. 5.Berlin, the divided capital of the defeated Third Reich, was still a major point of contention between the Soviets and their former allies when Kennedy was president.

# data[].attributes.body
adage a traditional saying, motto, or proverb
armistice a temporary halt to armed conflict
brazen a harsh or bold action
coalition a union or alliance between a number of people or nations
commodity an item a nation possesses that has value on the trading market

1.Koreans wanted a unified nation, which appeared to be agreeable to both superpowers.
2.The problem stemmed from a misunderstanding as to what form of government the new nation would operate by.
3. North Korea, under the leadership of Kim II-Sung, wanted a Communist state.
4. On the other hand, South Korea, under the leadership of Syngman Rhee, wanted something akin to a democracy.
5.Meanwhile, the two ideologies clashed along the border like two boxers circling a ring while jabbing at one another on occasion.

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accentuate to highlight or stress particular details
fledgling a person or nation with little to no experience
oversight to provide supervision for a nation or group of people

1.The Soviet Union (Socialism) restricted trade, fearing nations who experienced freedom would spread their views to Soviet workers who knew nothing about it.
2.Under the American system (Capitalism), free trade was encouraged with all countries. 3.These and other philosophies accentuated the differences between the two nations.
4. Both wanted the rest of the world to follow their example and did what they could to make it happen.
5.This, however, required weapons.

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chagrin the state of being angry or disappointed
diametric completely opposite of something else
ideology a closely organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas
overture an advance or proposal to establish a relationship
provisional something temporary, such as a government

1.Already on shaky economic ground, Czar Nicholas II and the Russian government struggled against two enemies—Germany and its own poverty.
2. It would take very little to topple his government. Repeated riots, strikes, and military mutinies severely weakened the Czar, who surrendered his government in March of 1917.
3.There followed a power struggle between the provisional government and the Socialists, led by Vladimir Lenin.
4.The end came in October of 1917 when Lenin's Bolsheviks seized power. 5.The Bolsheviks signed a peace treaty in March of 1918 ending Russia's participation in the war, much to the chagrin of its allies.

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euphoria a sense of extreme happiness or satisfaction
helical something in the shape of a spiral or helix; DNA for example
incentive something that is used to encourage or stimulate good behavior

1.There was a general sense of euphoria for Americans following the war.
2.Compared to many other nations, the ravages of war had barely touched U.S. borders.
3.Returning troops came home to cities and neighborhoods intact.
4.The chance to start a new life was there for the taking, and many seized it.
5.There was the additional satisfaction of knowing that American citizens were proud of those who had served.

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bootlegging Making or selling liquor illegally.
disarmament The elimination or limitation of armed forces,military equipment, or weapons of war.
hedonistic The pursuit of pleasure as the chief activity of life.
isolationism The thinking that opposes a nation's involvement in political or military affairs outside its hemisphere.
progressivism The promotion of new and more liberal ideas and changes.

1.Although President Woodrow Wilson had done an effective job in leading the United States through World War I, its citizens sought a change from the progressive reforms his administration had supported. 2.They looked for a more conservative man, Warren G. Harding, to lead them back to a peacetime lifestyle.
3.As President Wilson prepared to leave the White House, he was aware of the fact that the progressivism he supported was rapidly fading in popularity among the people. 4.By the end of World War I, the people of the United States were weary of the conflict and ready for a time of peace.
5.Nevertheless, many people were concerned about the recent takeover by the Communists in Russia during the Revolution of 1917.

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extol to praise or show admiration for a person or an idea
rote repetitious learning of academic material

1.Another social issue that would not go away was the role of blacks in American society.
2. Jim Crow laws were still very much enforced throughout the country, particularly in the South.
3. As race relations worsened, men such as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois fought tirelessly to make changes.
4.The N.A.A.C.P. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was created in 1909 to protest and bring to American consciousness the injustices against blacks that continued, including the practice of lynchings.
5.This became the era when progressive education took root.

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initiative process allowing citizens to place a proposed law directly on the ballot by means of petition
recall procedure that permits voters to remove officials from office before their terms expire
referendum process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

1.As a little background, it was not unusual to have young children and women working alongside men in factories.
2. Factory owners liked having children as employees because they could pay them less and work them longer hours.
3. In many cases, poor families had no alternative but to allow children to work.
4.Unfortunately, machinery was often dangerous, and children were frequently maimed or killed.
5.To add to the misery, companies did not carry insurance, so injured employees were left to their own devices.

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corollary | ideas added to an already established plan of action

expansionist a type of policy decision that increases a nation's territory or economy
rescind to take back or make void such as a ruling or decision

1.No one likes to live in a chaotic world.
2.It's nice to be able to get away for awhile and just have some peace and quiet.
3.The affairs in Cuba caused much consternation in the U.S. because this island was just ninety miles from Florida, and it was involved in a major conflict with Spain.
4.A number of Americans lived and worked there, and so much instability so close to home was just not good.
5.In just a few months, the American military brought an end to Spanish rule in Latin America, and in the process, gave the United States the territories of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. For the first time, the country was forced to think globally.

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culpability to be blamed or considered guilty of a crime or misdeed
insurrection an uprising or rebellion against established authority
lucrative something that is very profitable or productive"

1.Cuba had been a colony of Spain ever since Columbus discovered it in 1492.
2.The island had long been a source of income for Spain with its lucrative sugar and coffee plantations.
3. As Spain lost its Latin American colonies one by one, Cuba remained.
4.The desire to be free of Spanish rule surfaced during the nineteenth century and with it, conflict. As rebellion broke out, Spain retaliated.
5.As the Cuban insurrection, led by Jose Marti, intensified against Spanish rule in 1895, the situation became unbearable for the Cuban people.

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corollary A proposition following so obviously from another that it requires little or no proof; a natural consequence of an existing policy.

1.The result of the Spanish-American War, which lasted only from April to August 1898, was never in doubt from the beginning.
2.On December 10, 1898, a treaty was signed in Paris declaring the United States and Cuba victors over Spain.
3. In the treaty, Spain agreed to recognize Cuba's independence.
4.The United States set up a temporary military government in Cuba to restore order, rebuild the nation, and protect American business interests.
5. The United States helped the Cubans establish a republican form of government with representatives elected by the people.

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acquisition Anything gained or acquired.
isolationism A policy of noninvolvement in world affairs.
protectorate A relation of protection and partial control by a strong nation over a weaker power.

1.The Monroe Doctrine was based on a statement made by the fifth president of the United States, James Monroe, in a speech before Congress on December 2, 1823.
2.If any European nation interfered in the affairs of North or South American countries or tried to seize land on either American continent, President Monroe asserted that the actions would be interpreted by the United States as unfriendly ones.
3.Monroe further stated that the United States would not get involved in any European wars nor meddle in the affairs of already established European colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
4.With strong support from the British, this policy enabled Latin America to retain the independence it had won from Spain.
5.Throughout the 1800s, the United States maintained its policy of isolationism and avoided involving itself in European affairs.