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Domain 7: Professional practice from the ‘Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians’.

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Domain 7: Professional practice from the ‘Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians’.

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The standard I have chosen from the Domain 7: Professional practice from the ‘Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards framework for clinicians’ is standard 12.1. According to (Migrant & Refugee Women's Health Partnership, 2019, p. 30) this standard states, "Clinicians develop and maintain an awareness of their own culture, beliefs, values and biases, and their impact on the clinicians interactions in healthcare settings."

I endeavour as a future nurse to apply this competency standard throughout my career via many techniques. One of these techniques includes the importance of having the ability to see and view the patient as an individual and look past and beyond their culture allowing myself to be aware of my own personal judgement and prejudice (Hultsjö et al., 2019, p. 73). This skill is essential to me in the workplace as it allows my patients to feel significantly accounted for and encourages them and their families to feel comfortable towards the culturally appropriate care I am providing.

Hultsjö, S., Bachrach-Lindström, M., Safipour, J., & Hadziabdic, E. (2019). “Cultural awareness requires more than theoretical education” - Nursing students’ experiences. Nurse Education in Practice, 39(1), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.07.009

Migrant & Refugee Women's Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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The Impact Social Determinants can have on Migrant/Refugees in Australia

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The Impact Social Determinants can have on Migrant/Refugees in Australia

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Unfortunately many individuals, families and communities who travel to Australia to seek refuge face the difficulty of social determinants. Many of these cultures migrate and resettle seeking opportunity in creating a new life and future for themselves and families. However sadly majority of these cultures are faced with extreme troubles and difficulty in the field of social determinants (Ziersch et al., 2020, p. 1).

Three examples of social determinants according to (World Health Organisation, 2023) that commonly impact our global populations are

Income and social protection

Unemployment and job insecurity

Housing, basic amenities and the environment

These three examples are extremely impactful and relevant when in regards to the determinants that refugees and immigrants experience when resettling in Australia. The relationship between these examples and refugee health is unfortunately quite strong and seen commonly through healthcare.

Income and social protection is often the foundational determinant and the major impact on unemployment and housing crisis.  When refugees migrate they often come over with little money and no qualifications. This makes it extremely hard to find a sustainable job and make an adequate income to support themselves and their families.

All of these determinants and unfortunate realities ultimately contribute to the overall health of these individuals and families. Loss of income, employment and housing means environmental and living standards decline. Families cannot afford to provide healthcare and miss out on many of the fundamental health care services others take for granted.

World Health Organisation. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020, November 13). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), NA. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A642284304/AONE?u=murdoch&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=f785f067

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South Sudanese women waiting for food. Note. From Forbes (Photograph), by Simon Wohlfahrt, 2021, Forbes (https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2022/).

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Principal Health Issues that Refugees may Present with upon Immigrating to Australia : South Sudan

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Principal Health Issues that Refugees may Present with upon Immigrating to Australia : South Sudan

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South Sudan located in East Africa is one of the majoring countries which has experienced dramatically high levels of population displacement (Sanders et al., 2019, p. 1).  It is discussed that over 50% of current refugees are predominantly from these three majoring countries listed as  Afghanistan, Syria, and South Sudan (Sanders et al., 2019, p. 2).

According to (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023) some of the major impacting health conditions seen in South Sudan cultured refugees include illnesses such as

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Intestinal Parasites

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
What is it? : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which attack the bodies immune system. It is contracted through the transmission of infected blood or bodily fluids.
Treatment Options: There are unfortunately no curative treatment options available for HIV but there are options available to limit the diseases effects. One if these treatment options being combination therapy which involves the patient taking multiple antiretroviral drugs, which suppress viral replication, and enable the immune system to recover (Lemoh et al., 2023, pp. 14).

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
What is it? : Hepatitis B Virus or HBV is a usually asymptomatic illness which if left untreated can cause numerous life-threatening side effects such as liver disease and cancer (Maclachlan et al., 2023, pp. 5). This virus is contracted through the same modes of transmission as HIV.

Treatment Options: Treatment following a positive serology report for Hepatitis B Virus involves further clinical assessments to take place straight away. Abdominal ultrasounds and blood tests are required to create a care plan involving vaccinations and patient education on how to management and stop the spread of the illness (Maclachlan et al., 2023, pp. 1).

Intestinal Parasites

What is it?: Intestinal Parasites come in many different forms but the most common being a worm like organism such as hookworms. They are often contracted via the consumption of contaminated food and water.
Treatment Options: In most patients internal parasites cause asymptomatic effects and can be killed and eventually passed through faeces with the help of drugs in the form of a tablet (Biggs et al., 2023, pp. 1). Sometimes however intestinal parasites can cause cramping and discomfort in the abdomen region (Biggs et al., 2023, pp. 9).

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2023). Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. Refugee Health Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au

Biggs, B.-A., Kay, M., & Thambiran , A. (2023). Intestinal Parasites» Australian Refugee Health. Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/intestinal-parasites/

‌Lemoh, C., Bailes, M., & Isaacs, D. (2023). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)» Australian Refugee Health. Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

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Maclachlan, J., Cowie, B., Isaacs, D., & Davis, J. S. (2023). Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)» Australian Refugee Health. Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hepatitis-b/

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‌Sanders, A. M., Abdalla, Z., Elshafie, B. E., Nute, A. W., Long, E. F., & Aziz, N. (2019, June 19). Prevalence of trachoma within refugee camps serving South Sudanese refugees in White Nile State, Sudan: Results from population-based surveys. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(6), E0007491. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A592167443/AONE?u=murdoch&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=f5d0a68e

Wohlfahrt, S. (2021). Forbes [Photograph]. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2022/11/24/the-use-of-starvation-as-a-method-of-warfare-in-south-sudan/?sh=20a6fb3545cf

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Eime, R., Harvey, J., & Charity, M. (2020, September 3). Sport participation settings: where and “how” do Australians play sport? Gale Academic Onefile. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=murdoch&id=GALE%7CA635043153&v=2.1&it=r

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Me displaying my contribution in future health practices as a student nurse!

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Australia is a privileged country in which we have a strong, reliable and progressive health system which is continuously being updated and advanced through evidence based practices. Australia's government aim to create a healthy population of people who are educated and aware of their health. They encourage and recognise health literacy as a major factor in keeping our country health aware (Murfet et al., 2023, p. 1).  You will often see advertisements displayed around Australia's media promoting health education and exposing the risk of endangering activities such as smoking. This is to promote a healthy lifestyle for all Australians.

Australia also provides extremely accessible health care via the medicare company and system. This allows the population to access free health care via all public hospitals. Australia also offers a wide range of primary health care and specialist clinics. This allows people to get the specific care they need without the hustle and bustle of trying to access a hospital. A great example of one of these clinics is the 'St John of God Urgent Care'. This a centre which provides urgent care without having to go through a hospital. It caters for minor to moderate health situations that need addressing such as broken bones or minor cuts and burns (St John of God, 2023).

Murfet, G. O., Lin, S., Ridd, J. C., Cremer, G. H., Davidson, S., & Muscat, D. M. (2023). Shifts in Diabetes Health Literacy Policy and Practice in Australia—Promoting Organisational Health Literacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105778

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St John of God. (2023). Urgent Care. St John Health. https://www.stjohnhealth.com.au/walk-in-urgent-care/

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Religion and it's Connection to Australia🙏🏽

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Religion and it's Connection to Australia🙏🏽

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Weng, E., & Halafoff, A. (2020). Media Representations of Religion, Spirituality and Non-Religion in Australia. Religions, 11(7), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11070332

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Religion and it's Connection to Society in Australia

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Seet, P.-S., Jones, J., Acker, T., & Jogulu, U. (2018). Meaningful careers in social enterprises in remote Australia: employment decisions among Australian Indigenous art centre workers. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1528556

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