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Pick 1 section of 'changing identities' to read and add notes from here as a collaborative revision activity. In Blundell (pg.34-38) and/or Collins (pg.59-69): New & Hybrid Identities, Changing Class Identities, Changing Gender Identities, Changing Ethnic Identities, Changing Age Identities.

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Benyon (2002) argues that contemporary global societies are facing a crisis of masculine identity due to several factors: long-term unemployment, the decline of traditional male jobs in manufacturing and engineering, lower educational performance compared to girls, and the rise of female-friendly service industries.

Marginalized masculinities struggle to exhibit traditional male qualities because they no longer have control over the economic resources that once defined masculinity.

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Peele (2004)

Recent global economic changes blurred traditional class identities.

Examples can be seen in the change in taste and consumption / the joining of working class and middle class tastes which makes it difficult to identify the class identity.

Clear standard lines between working and middle upper - classes identities changed significantly but have not disappeared yet.

Savage (2007)

Class categories is still used to determine identity.

However, the meaning of these categories changed.

Greater emphasis on individuals rather than collective and experiences.

Working-class identities have become more varied

Class identity is becoming more flexible, it is now based on someone’s ability to choose their identity.

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In the globalised world, people have more freedom to express themselves, invent, and adapt their identities to their personal tastes and style. Phrases like “real men don’t cry” or “a woman’s place is in the home” are more relax.

One outcome of this change is that identities become decentred; people are less certain on how to behave

People are still socialised into a variety of roles, values, and norms, but social identities no longer set certain standards of belief and behaviour. Instead, individuals shape their lives through the development of personal identities that are always unique in some way, shape, or form.

Structuralist sociologist - socialisation controls the behaviour of the individual.

Interactionists - believe that socialisation covers a range of possibilities.

Every time new choices are added, the pattern of socialisation changes. Tiny changes to an individual’s life can have a significant outcome. Family members socialised in the same family, in apparently very similar way, develop different adult personalities.

The decentring of culture and identity means that people are increasingly open to and accept different experiences, both “the new”, something not previously seen before, and “the newly different”, the changing of how we relate to existing experiences.

Rampton (2002) suggests that identity construction in postmodern societies is ‘something that involves assembling, or piecing together a sense of identity from many changing options’. Each individual creates their identity through their consumption choices and practices. This can be the difference between the market stall in a small village and a vast mall, or even wider range of goods available online. The market stall presents a narrow range to goods to choose, as it was the case with identities in the past. Whereas shopping malls provide freedom to explore with a wide range of customer goods where they ‘shop for identities’. The online shopper no longer needs to go to the mall, in a case with access to explore identities through media.