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This is one video for animal cruelty:

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This is a website that informs me of why people do Animal Cruelty and who in general commit Animal Cruelty to animals.

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The shocking number of animal cruelty cases reported every day is just the tip of the iceberg-most cases are never reported. Unlike violent crimes against people, cases of animal abuse are not compiled by state or federal agencies, making it difficult to calculate just how common they are. However, we can use the information that is available to try to understand and prevent cases of abuse.

Who abuses animals?

Cruelty and neglect cross all social and economic boundaries and media reports suggest that animal abuse is common in both rural and urban areas.

Intentional cruelty to animals is strongly correlated with other crimes, including violence against people.

Hoarding behavior often victimizes animals. Sufferers of a hoarding disorder may impose severe neglect on animals by housing far more than they are able to adequately take care of. Serious animal neglect (such as hoarding) is often an indicator of people in need of social or mental health services.

Surveys suggest that those who intentionally abuse animals are predominantly men under 30, while those involved in animal hoarding are more likely to be women over 60.

Most common victims

The animals whose abuse is most often reported are dogs, cats, horses and livestock. Undercover investigations have revealed that animal abuse abounds in the factory farm industry. But because of the weak protections afforded to livestock under state cruelty laws, only the most shocking cases are reported, and few are ever prosecuted.

Organized cruelty

Dogfighting, cockfighting and other forms of organized animal cruelty go hand in hand with other crimes, and continues in many areas of the United States due to public corruption.

The HSUS documented uniformed police officers at a cockfighting pit in Kentucky.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency has prosecuted multiple cases where drug cartels were running narcotics through cockfighting and dogfighting operations.

Dozens of homicides have occurred at cockfights and dogfights.

A California man was killed in a disagreement about a $10 cockfight bet.

The HSUS's investigative team combats complacent public officials and has worked with the FBI on public corruption cases in Tennessee and Virginia. In both instances, law enforcement officers were indicted and convicted.

Correlation with domestic violence

Data on domestic violence and child abuse cases reveal that a staggering number of animals are targeted by those who abuse their children or spouses.

There are approximately 70 million pet dogs and 74.1 million pet cats in the U.S. where 20 men and women are assaulted per minute (an average of around 10 million a year).

In one survey, 71 % of domestic violence victims reported that their abuser also targeted pets.

In one study of families under investigation for suspected child abuse, researchers found that pet abuse had occurred in 88 % of the families under supervision for physical abuse of their children.

To put a stop to this pattern of violence, the Humane Society Legislative Fund supported the Pets and Women's Safety (PAWS) Act, introduced to Congress in 2015 as H.R. 1258 and S.B. 1559 and enacted as part of the farm bill passed by Congress and signed by President Trump in 2018. Once fully enacted, the PAWS Act helps victims of domestic abuse find the means to escape their abusers while keeping their companion animals safe-many victims remain in abusive households for fear of their pets' safety.

State legislative trends

The HSUS has long led the push for stronger animal cruelty laws and provides training for law officials to detect and prosecute these crimes. With South Dakota joining the fight in March of 2014, animal cruelty laws now include felony provisions in all 50 states.

First vs. subsequent offense

Given that a fraction of animal cruelty acts are reported or successfully prosecuted, we are committed to supporting felony convictions in cases of severe cruelty.

49 states have laws to provide felony penalties for animal torture on the first offense.

Only Iowa doesn't have such a law.

Animal cruelty laws typically cover intentional and egregious animal neglect and abuse.

Changes in federal tracking

On January 1, 2016, the FBI added cruelty to animals as a category in the Uniform Crime Report, a nationwide crime reporting system commonly used in homicide investigations. While only about a third of U.S. communities currently participate in the system, the data generated will help create a clearer picture of animal abuse and guide strategies for intervention and enforcement. Data collection covers four categories: simple/gross neglect, intentional abuse and torture, organized abuse (such as dogfighting and cockfighting) and animal sexual abuse.

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Facts, statistics and trends of animal abuse, animal cruelty and abused animals in the U.S.

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If you're an animal welfare professional, use these links to contact ASPCApro.

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This is a website that explains what Animal Cruelty is.

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This is a website that defines Animal Cruelty.

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Throughout this site we will refer to nonhuman animals as "animals" for simplicity. When we define animal cruelty, we are faced with a task in many ways more difficult than defining human abuse. Attitudes and actions toward animals require cross-cultural comparisons with perspective on the value placed on animals. Cruelty toward animals is not easily defined. Are we referring to farm animals who might be considered a food source for humans, animals used in research, wildlife, animals maintained in zoological parks or circuses, assistance animals, or companion animals?

Dr. Frank Ascione has defined animal abuse as "...non-accidental, socially unacceptable behavior that causes pain, suffering or distress to and/or the death of a vertebrate animal." [revision of Ascione, 1993]

The specific elements of criminal animal cruelty can be found in Colorado Revised Statute 18-9-202. The following excerpt outlines the main components of the statute:
"A person commits cruelty to animals if he or she knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence overdrives, overloads, overworks, torments, deprives of necessary sustenance, unnecessarily or cruelly beats, allows to be housed in a manner that results in chronic or repeated serious physical harm, carries or confines in or upon any vehicles in a cruel or reckless manner, engages in a sexual act with an animal, or otherwise mistreats or neglects any animal, or causes or procures it to be done, or, having the charge or custody of any animal, fails to provide it with proper food, drink, or protection from the weather consistent with the species, breed, and type of animal involved, or abandons an animal." In Colorado statutes, the following legal definitions apply:

"Mistreatment" means every act or omission that causes or unreasonably permits the continuation of unnecessary or unjustifiable pain or suffering.

"Neglect" means failure to provide food, water, protection from the elements, or other care generally considered to be normal, usual and accepted for an animal's health and well-being consistent with the species, breed and type of animal.

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Defining Animal Cruelty - The Colorado LINK Project

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Throughout this site we will refer to nonhuman animals as "animals" for simplicity. When we define animal cruelty, we are faced with a task in many ways more difficult than defining human abuse. Attitudes and actions toward animals require cross-cultural comparisons with perspective on the value placed on animals.

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This is a website that tells me what Animal Abuse is, and why it occurs.

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To report animal cruelty or neglect, contact your nearest shelter immediately.

If you see, hear or know of someone who is being cruel or carrying out cruel acts on ANY animal, please report them right away. You can do so anonymously, if desired. Be prepared to provide the address/location of where the animal is located or where the violation is occurring and details about the cruelty or neglect.
In the event of a serious emergency, dial 911.
Animal Control Officers will investigate complaints observed in the City of Los Angeles. If the suspected mistreatment is observed to occur outside our jurisdiction, we may refer your complaint to one of several animal care and control agencies in that area.

If it is determined that inhumane treatment is occurring or has occurred, the animal may be removed from the situation and placed in protective care until a decision has been made.

The California Penal Code defines animal cruelty as the malicious or intentional maiming, mutilation, torture or wounding of a living animal. Any person who overworks, tortures, torments, deprives of necessary food, drink or shelter, cruelly beats, mutilates or cruelly kills an animal is guilty of a misdemeanor or felony. Any person who possesses or trains a dog with the intent to engage the animal in exhibition fighting, as well as any person who is knowingly present as a spectator at an exhibition of fighting of dogs, is guilty of a misdemeanor. In addition, any person who willfully abandons any animal is guilty of a misdemeanor.

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In keeping with our mission to promote and protect the health, safety, and welfare of animals and people in our city, the Department of Animal Services investigates and prosecutes animal cruelty and neglect cases. Learn what to do if you observe animal cruelty.

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Our Mission Statement

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world, and PETA entities have more than 9 million members and supporters globally.

PETA opposes speciesism, a human-supremacist worldview, and focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: in laboratories, in the food industry, in the clothing trade, and in the entertainment business. We also work on a variety of other issues, including the cruel killing of rodents, birds, and other animals who are often considered "pests" as well as cruelty to domesticated animals.

PETA works through public education, investigative newsgathering and reporting, research, animal rescue, legislation, special events, celebrity involvement, and protest campaigns.

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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world, with more than 3 million members and supporters.

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This is a website that tells what animal cruelty is and what is the main types.

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Animal cruelty can be difficult to spot. Often it is perpetrated by people we might not expect or hidden behind the closed doors of a science lab or factory farm. Knowing what animal cruelty is, how to identify it, and how best to address it is important for the health and well-being of both animals and communities.

What are the main types of animal cruelty?

While there are generally two broad categories of animal cruelty: physical abuse and neglect, under each of these there are several subtypes that range in severity.

Animal neglect is fundamentally a failure to provide for the needs of animals. This could be leaving a dog outside without access to clean water or shelter from the elements, failure to feed a hamster, or not providing for the medical needs of an animal that has been injured and needs veterinary attention. Though neglect is often unintentional or due to financial or other constraints on the part of the neglectful person, it can also be intentional. For example: neglecting to feed a chicken to force molting and thereby get them to produce eggs again within the industry standards once food is once again offered.

Physical abuse of animals is what we typically picture when we think of animal abuse. This type of abuse involves causing physical trauma to an animal. This could be a horse in order to make it perform better for competition, taking part in cockfighting, or otherwise injuring any animal in any way. Unfortunately, many types of physical animal abuse are condoned within certain industries. For example, chickens in the egg industry are often transported in that result in an untimely death for some of the birds.

How to identify animal cruelty

Though animal cruelty must be addressed, it is also important to keep in mind that sometimes what is and is not viewed as cruelty can be influenced by cultural and familial background, lack of knowledge or experience, and a number of other factors. Because of this, if it is safe to do so, it might be worth sharing perspectives and learning together to address the issue and solve animal cruelty problems. For example, a neighbor with a wandering dog may not have the means to erect a fence but still want to allow their dog to have the freedom associated with a yard. Instead of having the animal removed from their care, perhaps working together to create an enclosure would be a wise course of action.

Injuries that go untreated

Emaciation, or an animal that appears to be extremely underweight

General weakness

A matted or unkempt coat

A lack of access to clean food and water

A lack of shelter from the elements

Aggression

What are the effects of animal cruelty?

Animal cruelty can cause serious physical pain and suffering for the animals that endure it. Aside from the obvious pain that comes from being kicked or otherwise physically harmed, neglect can also be excruciatingly painful.

Public health concerns

Risk of interpersonal violence

When we think of animal abuse we tend to have a picture in our mind of what an animal abuser looks like, where they come from, where they live, and how they act. This image that we create for ourselves can actually prove detrimental to animal welfare and can be the reason that many animals are unable to escape their suffering. This is because people who abuse animals can come from any background, live in any neighborhood, look like anyone, and behave in a way that would never suggest that they abuse animals. For this reason it is important not to allow our biases to impact the way we look at and address animal suffering.

Correlation with domestic violence

Which animals are the most common victims of animal cruelty?

The most common victims of animal cruelty are those within industries that condone cruelty to animals as standard practice. Two examples of such industries are animal agriculture and animal testing.

Animal testing takes place both for cosmetic and scientific purposes. In cosmetic testing, animals may have chemicals placed into their eyes causing large amounts of irritation. Animals used for scientific tests could be subjected to a wide array of inhumane experiences, including forced swim tests in which a rat or mouse is dropped into water to see how long they spend attempting to climb out. These tests cause great amounts of stress to the animals.

Is animal cruelty a felony?

Though neglecting to feed a dog or neutering a cat without pain management would be considered illegal, these and more are considered common practice within various animal agriculture industries. The animals that we eat and force to produce our food experience horrific suffering, many from the moment that they are born until the day that they die. Their housing is barren and overcrowded. Their feed encourages rapid growth over healthy growth. They are treated as commodities instead of living, breathing, thinking beings.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act

How to stop animal cruelty

Should I report animal cruelty if I suspect it, but do not have proof?

If you sincerely believe that animal cruelty is taking place, and, if it's safe, have attempted to have a dialogue with the offender to no avail, it may be time to escalate the situation regardless of whether you personally have proof. Speaking with a local animal rescue representative about the situation may enable you to better ascertain whether or not the situation is actually animal abuse and what might be considered proof. In many situations, a report may be enough to start an investigation.

Who should I call to report animal cruelty?

The first step when reporting animal cruelty is to contact a local veterinarian or animal shelter. The employees at these facilities should be able to help you determine the appropriate people to contact about your concerns.

Can I make a report anonymously?

Whether or not a report can be made anonymously will depend upon your location. Whereas some communities may have a mechanism for anonymous reporting others may require a name and contact information.

Should I try to stop someone harming an animal if I am nearby?

If it seems safe to do so, stepping in as an active bystander to stop the suffering of an animal could be lifesaving. This is especially the case when you suspect the responsible human may lack the knowledge or resources to handle the situation on their own.

One of the most impactful decisions we can make to help combat animal cruelty is to reduce our consumption of meat and other animal products. By far the greatest number of animals suffering in inhumane conditions are those that are being used to produce the foods that we consume. The decision to stop eating meat, dairy, or eggs has never been easier though, thanks to the delicious substitutes and meat alternative products that have recently come onto the market.

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What is animal cruelty and what are its main types?

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Animal cruelty can be difficult to spot. Often it is perpetrated by people we might not expect or hidden behind the closed doors of a science lab or factory farm. Knowing what animal cruelty is, how to identify it, and how best to address it is important for the health and well-being of both animals and communities.

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This is a website that gives me examples of Animal Cruelty and gives the definition.

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This is a website that tells me the definition of Animal Cruelty.

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Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon non-human animals. More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievements, such as killing animals for entertainment; cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, referred to as zoosadism.

Divergent approaches to laws concerning animal cruelty occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world. For example, some laws govern methods of killing animals for food, clothing, or other products, and other laws concern the keeping of animals for entertainment, education, research, or pets. There are several conceptual approaches to the issue of cruelty to animals.

Utilitarian advocates argue from the position of costs and benefits and vary in their conclusions as to the allowable treatment of animals. Some utilitarians argue for a weaker approach that is closer to the animal welfare position, whereas others argue for a position that is similar to animal rights. Animal rights theorists criticize these positions, arguing that the words "unnecessary" and "humane" are subject to widely differing interpretations and that animals have basic rights. They say that most animal use itself is unnecessary and a cause of suffering, so the only way to ensure protection for animals is to end their status as property and to ensure that they are never viewed as a substance or as non-living things.

Throughout history, some individuals, like Leonardo da Vinci for example, who once purchased caged birds in order to set them free, were concerned about cruelty to animals. His notebooks also record his anger with the fact that humans used their dominance to raise animals for slaughter. According to contemporary philosopher Nigel Warburton, for most of human history the dominant view has been that animals are there for humans to do with as they see fit.

Several religious traditions, especially those originating in India, have promoted animal welfare as an important or fundamental concept, even to the point of promoting vegetarianism or veganism. Examples include Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism (cattle are sacred animals in India), and some forms of Judaism (many Orthodox Jews do not wear leather).

René Descartes believed that non-humans are automata-complex machines with no soul, mind, or reason. In Cartesian dualism, consciousness was unique to human among all other animals and linked to physical matter by divine grace. However, close analysis shows that many human features such as complex sign usage, tool use, and self-consciousness can be found in some animals.

Charles Darwin, by presenting the theory of evolution, revolutionized the way that humans viewed their relationship with other species. Darwin believed that not only did human beings have a direct kinship with other animals, but the latter had social, mental, and moral lives too. Later, in The Descent of Man (1871), he wrote: "There is no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental faculties."

Modern philosophers and intellectuals, such as Peter Singer and Tom Regan, have argued that animals' ability to feel pain as humans do makes their well-being worthy of equal consideration. There are many precursors of this train of thought. Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, famously wrote in his An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789):

The question is not, can they reason nor can they talk? but, can they suffer?

These arguments have prompted some to suggest that animals' well-being should enter a social welfare function directly, not just indirectly via its effect only on human well-being. Many countries have now formally recognized animal sentience and animal suffering, and have passed anti-cruelty legislation in response.

Animal cruelty can be broken down into two main categories: active and passive. Passive cruelty is typified by cases of neglect, in which the cruelty is a lack of action rather than the action itself. Oftentimes passive animal cruelty is accidental, born of ignorance. In many cases of neglect in which an investigator believes that the cruelty occurred out of ignorance, the investigator may attempt to educate the pet owner, then revisit the situation. In more severe cases, exigent circumstances may require that the animal be removed for veterinary care.

Farm animals are generally produced in large, industrial facilities that house thousands of animals at high densities; these are sometimes called factory farms. The industrial nature of these facilities means that many routine procedures or animal husbandry practices impinge on the welfare of the animals and could be considered cruelty, with Henry Stephen Salt claiming in 1899 that "it is impossible to transport and slaughter vast numbers of large and highly-sensitive animals humanely". It has been suggested the number of animals hunted, kept as companions, used in laboratories, reared for the fur industry, raced, and used in zoos and circuses, is insignificant compared to farm animals, and therefore the "animal welfare issue" is numerically reducible to the "farm animal welfare issue". Similarly, it has been suggested by campaign groups that chickens, cows, pigs, and other farm animals are among the most numerous animals subjected to cruelty. For example, because male chickens do not lay eggs, newly hatched males are culled using macerators or grinders. Worldwide meat overconsumption is another factor that contributes to the miserable situation of farm animals. Many undercover investigators have exposed the animal cruelty taking place inside the factory farming industry and there is evidence to show that consumers provided with accurate information about the process of meat production and the abuse that accompanies it has led to changes in their attitudes.

The American Veterinary Medical Association accepts maceration subject to certain conditions, but recommends alternative methods of culling as more humane. Egg-laying hens are then transferred to " battery cages" where they are kept in high densities. Matheny and Leahy attribute osteoporosis in hens to this caging method. Broiler chickens suffer similar situations, in which they are fed steroids to grow at a super-fast speed, so fast that their bones, heart, and lungs often cannot keep up. Broiler chickens under six weeks old suffer painful crippling due to fast growth rates, whilst one in a hundred of these very young birds dies of heart failure.

To reduce aggression in overcrowded conditions, shortly after birth piglets are castrated, their tails are amputated, and their teeth are clipped, and are earmarked. Calves are sometimes raised in veal crates, which are small stalls that immobilize calves during their growth, reducing costs and preventing muscle development, making the resulting meat a pale color, preferred by consumers.

In the United States, animal cruelty such as soring, which is illegal, sometimes occurs on farms and ranches, as does lawful but cruel treatment such as livestock branding. Since ag-gag laws prohibit video or photographic documentation of farm activities, these practices have been documented by secret photography taken by whistleblowers or undercover operatives from such organizations as Mercy for Animals and the Humane Society of the United States posing as employees. Agricultural organizations such as the American Farm Bureau Federation have successfully advocated for laws that tightly restrict secret photography or concealing information from farm employers.

The following are lists of invasive procedures that cause pain, routinely performed on farm animals, and housing conditions that routinely cause animal welfare concerns. In one survey of United States homeowners, 68% of respondents said they consider the price of meat a more important issue.

Animal welfare activists suggest a total ban on fur production due to the suffering inflicted on animals, especially minks. It has been suggested that fur production is immoral as fur clothes are luxury items. Minks are solitary and territorial animals; however, in fur farms, they are raised in cages and skinned after being killed either by breaking their necks or using lethal gas.

There are studies providing evidence of a link between animal cruelty and violence towards humans. A 2009 study found that slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sex offenses in comparison with other industries. A large national survey by the Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies found a "substantial overlap between companion animal abuse and child abuse" and that cruelty to animals "most frequently co-occurred with psychological abuse and less severe forms of physical child abuse."

A history of torturing pets and small animals, a behavior known as zoosadism, is considered one of the signs of certain psychopathologies, including antisocial personality disorder, also known as a psychopathic personality disorder. According to The New York Times, "[the FBI has found that a history of cruelty to animals is one of the traits that regularly appears in its computer records of serial rapists and murderers, and the standard diagnostic and treatment manual for psychiatric and emotional disorders lists cruelty to animals a diagnostic criterion for conduct disorders." "A survey of psychiatric patients who had repeatedly tortured dogs and cats found all of them had high levels of aggression toward people as well, including one patient who had murdered a young boy." Robert K. Ressler, an agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's behavioral sciences unit, studied serial killers and noted, "Murderers like this ( Jeffrey Dahmer) very often start by killing and torturing animals as kids."

Acts of intentional animal cruelty or non-accidental injury may be indicators of serious psychological problems. According to the American Humane Association, 13% of intentional animal abuse cases involve domestic violence. As many as 71% of pet-owning women seeking shelter at safe houses have reported that their partner had threatened and/or hurt or killed one or more of their pets; 32% of these women reported that one or more of their children had also hurt or killed pets. Battered women report that they are prevented from leaving their abusers because they fear what will happen to the animals in their absence. Animal abuse is sometimes used as a form of intimidation in domestic disputes.

Cruelty to animals is one of the three components of the Macdonald triad, behavior considered to be one of the signs of violent antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. According to the studies used to form this model, cruelty to animals is a common (but not universal) behavior in children and adolescents who grow up to become serial killers and other violent criminals. It has also been found that children who are cruel to animals have often witnessed or been victims of abuse themselves. In two separate studies cited by the Humane Society of the United States, roughly one-third of families suffering from domestic abuse indicated that at least one child had hurt or killed a pet.

Many times, when Asiatic elephants are captured in Thailand, handlers use a technique known as the training crush, in which "handlers use sleep-deprivation, hunger, and thirst to 'break' the elephants' spirit and make them submissive to their owners"; moreover, handlers drive nails into the elephants' ears and feet.

The practice of cruelty to animals for divination purposes is found in ancient cultures, and some modern religions such as Santeria continue to do animal sacrifices for the healing and other rituals. Taghairm was performed by ancient Scots to summon devils.

The American Humane Association (AHA) has been associated with monitoring American film-making since the release of the film Jesse James (1939), in which a horse was pushed off a plank and drowned in a body of water after having fallen 40 feet into it. Initially, monitoring of animal cruelty was a partnership between the AHA and the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (also called the Hays office) through the Motion Picture Production Code. Provisions in the code discouraged "apparent cruelty to children and animals", and because the Hays Office had the power to enforce this clause, the AHA often had access to sets to assess adherence to it. However, because the AHA's Hollywood office depended on the Hays Office for the right to monitor sets, the closure of the Hays Office in 1966 corresponded with an increase in animal cruelty on movie sets.

One of the most infamous examples of animal cruelty in the film was Michael Cimino's flop Heaven's Gate (1980), in which numerous animals were brutalized and even killed during production. Cimino allegedly killed chickens and bled horses from the neck to gather samples of their blood to smear on actors for Heaven's Gate, and also allegedly had a horse blown up with dynamite while shooting a battle sequence, the shot of which made it into the film. This film played a large part in renewed scrutiny of animal cruelty in films and led to renewed official on-set jurisdiction to monitor the treatment of animals by the AHA in 1980.

After the release of the film (1981), the star and director of the picture, Warren Beatty apologized for his Spanish film crew's use of tripwires on horses while filming a battle scene, when Beatty was not present. Tripwires were used against horses when (1988) and The 13th Warrior (1999) were being filmed. A water buffalo was sliced nearly in half during the production of Apocalypse Now (1979), while a donkey was bled to death for dramatic effect for the Danish film (2005), in a scene later deleted from the film.

There is a case of cruelty to animals in the South Korean film (2000), according to its director Kim Ki-Duk. In the film, a real frog is skinned alive while fish are mutilated. Seven animals were killed for the camera in the controversial Italian film Cannibal Holocaust (1980). The images in the film include the slow and graphic beheading and ripping apart of a turtle, a monkey being beheaded and its brains being consumed by natives and a spider being chopped apart. Cannibal Holocaust was only one film in a collective of similarly themed movies ( cannibal films) that featured unstaged animal cruelty. Their influences were rooted in the films of Mondo filmmakers, which sometimes contained similar content. In several countries, Cannibal Holocaust was banned or allowed for release with most of the animal cruelty edited out.[citation needed ]

More recently, the video-sharing site YouTube has been criticized for hosting thousands of videos of real-life animal cruelty, especially the feeding of one animal to another for entertainment and spectacle. Although some of these videos have been flagged as inappropriate by users, YouTube has generally declined to remove them, unlike videos that include copyright infringement.

The SAG has contracted with the AHA for monitoring animal use during filming or while on the set. Compliance with this arrangement is voluntary and only applies to films made in the United States. Films monitored by the American Humane Association may bear one of their end-credit messages. Many productions, including those made in the United States, do not advise AHA or SAG of animal use in films, so there is no oversight.

Some other animal welfare organizations worldwide, such as the Animal Anti-Cruelty League in South Africa, have also monitored the use of animals in the film.

The use of animals in the circus has been controversial since animal welfare groups have documented instances of animal cruelty during the training of performing animals. Animal abuse in circuses has been documented such as keeping them in small enclosures, lack of veterinary care, abusive training methods, and lack of oversight by regulating bodies. Animal trainers have argued that some criticism is not based on fact, including beliefs that shouting makes the animals believe the trainer is going to hurt them, that caging is cruel and common, and that the use of whips, chains or training harms animals.

Bolivia has enacted what animal rights activists called the world's first ban on all animals in circuses.

Bullfighting is criticized by animal rights or animal welfare activists, referring to it as a cruel or barbaric blood sport in which the bull suffers severe stress and slow, torturous death. Several activist groups undertake anti-bullfighting actions in Spain and other countries. In Spain, opponents of bullfighting are referred to as anti-taurinos.

The Bulletpoint Bullfight warns that bullfighting is "not for the squeamish", advising spectators to "be prepared for blood". It details prolonged and profuse bleeding caused by horse-mounted lancers, the charging by the bull of a blindfolded, armored horse who is "sometimes doped up, and unaware of the proximity of the bull", the placing of barbed darts by banderilleros, followed by the matador's fatal sword thrust. It stresses that these procedures are a normal part of bullfighting and that death is rarely instantaneous. It further warns those attending bullfights to "be prepared to witness various failed attempts at killing the animal before it lies down."

The " Toro Jubilo" or Toro embolado in Soria, Medinaceli, Spain, is a festival associated with animal cruelty. During this festival, balls of pitch are attached to a bull's horns and set on fire. The bull is then released into the streets and will run around in pain, often smashing into walls in an attempt to douse the fire as spectators attempt to dodge the animal. The pitch balls can burn for hours, and they burn the bull's horns, body, and eyes. The animal rights group PACMA has described the fiesta as "a clear example of animal mistreatment".

Dog fighting is a sport that turns dogs against one another in a ring or a pit for gambling or the entertainment of the spectators.

Rattlesnake round-ups, also known as rattlesnake rodeos, are annual events common in the rural Midwest and Southern United States, where the primary attractions are captured wild rattlesnakes which are sold, displayed, killed for food or animal products (such as snakeskin) or released back into the wild. The largest rattlesnake round-up in the United States is held in Sweetwater, Texas. Held every year since 1958, the event currently attracts approximately 30,000 visitors per year and in 2006 each annual round-up was said to result in the capture of 1% of the state's rattlesnake population. Rattlesnake round-ups became a concern by animal welfare groups and conservationists due to claims of animal cruelty. In response, some round-ups impose catch-size restrictions or releasing captured snakes back into the wild.

Military animals are creatures that have been employed by humankind for use in warfare. They are a specific application of working animals. Examples include horses, dogs and dolphins. Only recently has the involvement of animals in war been questioned, and practices such as using animals for fighting, as living bombs or for military testing purposes (such as during the Bikini atomic experiments) may now be criticized for being cruel.

Princess Anne, Princess Royal, the patron of the British Animals in War Memorial, stated that animals adapt to what humans want them to do, but that they will not do things that they do not want to, even with training. Animal participation in the human conflict was commemorated in the United Kingdom in 2004 with the erection of the Animals in War Memorial in Hyde Park, London.

In 2008 a video of a US Marine throwing a puppy over a cliff during the Iraq conflict was popularised as an internet phenomenon and attracted widespread criticism of the soldier's actions for being an act of cruelty.

Under all three of the conceptual approaches to animal cruelty discussed above, performing unnecessary experiments or demonstrations upon animals that cause them substantial pain or distress may be viewed as cruelty. Due to changes in ethical standards, this type of cruelty tends to be less common today than it used to be in the past. For example, schoolroom demonstrations of oxygen depletion routinely suffocated birds by placing them under a glass cover, and animals were suffocated in the Cave of Dogs to demonstrate the density and toxicity of carbon dioxide to curious travelers on the Grand Tour.

Many apartment complexes and rental homes institute no-pet policies. No pet policies are a leading cause of animal abandonment, which is considered a crime in many jurisdictions. In many cases, abandoned pets have to be euthanized due to the strain they put on animal shelters and rescue groups. Abandoned animals often become feral or contribute to feral populations. In particular, feral dogs can pose a serious threat to pets, children, and livestock.

In Ontario, Canada, no pet policies are outlawed under the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Act and are considered invalid even when a tenant signs a lease that includes a no pets clause. Similar legislation has also been considered in Manitoba.

Many jurisdictions around the world have enacted statutes that forbid cruelty to some animals but these vary by country and in some cases by the use or practice.

Egyptian law states that anyone who inhumanely beats or intentionally kills any domesticated animal may be jailed or fined. The Egyptian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was established over a hundred years ago and was instrumental in promoting a 1997 ban on bullfighting in Egypt.

In ancient Egyptian law, the killers of cats or dogs were executed.

Animal cruelty in Nigeria is prohibited under Section 495 of the Criminal Code (1990). These include, according to 495(1)(a), cruelly beating, kicking, over-loading, infuriating, or terrifying an animal, or allowing this to happen as the owner. Section 495(1)(b) defines failure to act as the willful or unreasonable doing or omission of any act that causes unnecessary suffering (or as the owner, permitting an act that causes unnecessary suffering). This section also prohibits transporting animals in a way that causes unnecessary suffering (c), administering poison (d), performing operations without due care (e), and actions related to animal fighting (f).

The Animal Protection Act No 71 of 1962 in South Africa covers "farm animals, domestic animals and birds, and wild animals, birds, and reptiles that are in captivity or under the control of humans."

The NSPCA is the largest and oldest animal welfare organization in South Africa that enforces 90% of all animal cruelty cases in the country by means of enforcing the Animals Protection Act.

196. Ill-treatment of Domestic Animal.

Whoever cruelly beats, tortures, or otherwise willfully ill-treats any tame, domestic, or wild animal, which has previously been deprived of its liberty, or arranges, promotes, or organizes fights between cocks, rams, bulls, or other domestic animals or encourages such acts, commits an offense, and upon conviction, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two months or with a fine.

197. Riding and Neglect of Animal.

Whoever wantonly rides, overdrives, or overloads any animal or intentionally drugs or employs any animal, which by reason of age, sickness, wounds or infirmity is not in a condition to work, or neglects any animal in such a manner as to cause it unnecessary suffering, commits an offense, and upon conviction, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one month or with a fine or with both.

Brazil is a high-volume animal producer, slaughtering around 30.8 land-based animals per person per year, compared to a global average of 10.1. The country's dependency on farmed animals is relatively high, with around 8 farmed animals per person, double the global average of 4.1. A 1998 law prohibits the abuse of domestic and wild animals. It imposes more serious penalties for cruelty than the 1934 decree, with a sentence of 3 months to a year plus a fine, with the penalty increased by one-sixth to one-third of the animal is killed.

In Canada, it is an offense under the Criminal Code to intentionally cause unnecessary pain, suffering, or injury to an animal. Poisoning animals is specifically prohibited. It is also an offense to threaten to harm an animal belonging to someone else. Most provinces and territories also have animal protection legislation. However, it is not explicitly illegal in Canadian law to kill a dog or cat for consumption.

The Animal Legal Defense Fund releases an annual report ranking the animal protection laws of every province and territory based on their relative strength and general comprehensiveness. In 2014, the strongest four jurisdictions were Manitoba, British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. The weakest four were Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Quebec, and Nunavut.

Law 20380 established sanctions including fines, from 2 to 30 Mensual Tributary Units, and prison, from 541 days to 3 years, for those involved in acts of animal cruelty. Also, it facilitates animal care through school education and establishes a Bioethics Committee to define policies related to experiments with animals.

In 2017, after many years of legal wrangling, Costa Rica passed their Animal Welfare Law. It includes prison sentences of three months to one year for harming or killing a domesticated animal or for conducting animal fights. There are monetary fines for those who mistreat, neglect or abandon animals, for breeding or training animals for fighting, or for violating regulations on animal experimentation. The law does not cover agricultural practices, aquaculture, zootechnical or veterinary activities, killing of animals for consumption, for sanitary or scientific reasons, or reproductive control. Wild animals are covered under the Wild Life Act.

The current policy of Mexico, in civil law, condemns physical harm to animals as property damage to the owners of the abused animal, considering the animals as owned property.

This law is considered to extend throughout the rest of the 31 constituent states of the country. In addition, The Law of Animal Protection of the Federal District is wide-ranging, based on banning "unnecessary suffering". Similar laws now exist in most states.

The Animal Legal Defense Fund releases an annual report ranking the animal protection laws of every state based on their relative strength and general comprehensiveness. In a 2013's report, the top five states for their strong anti-cruelty laws were Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Oregon, and California. The five states with the weakest animal cruelty laws in 2013 were Kentucky, Iowa, South Dakota, New Mexico, and Wyoming.

In 2004, a Florida legislator proposed a ban on "cruelty to bovines", stating: "A person who, for practice, entertainment, or sport, intentionally fells, trips, or otherwise causes a cow to fall or lose its balance using roping, lassoing, dragging, or otherwise touching the tail of the cow commits a misdemeanor of the first degree." The proposal did not become law.

In the United States, ear cropping, tail docking, rodeo sports, and other acts are legal and sometimes condoned. Penalties for cruelty can be minimal if pursued. Currently, 46 of the 50 states have enacted felony penalties for certain forms of animal abuse. However, in most jurisdictions, animal cruelty is most commonly charged as a misdemeanor offense. In one recent California case, a felony conviction for animal cruelty could theoretically net a 25-year to a life sentence due to their three-strikes law, which increases sentences based on prior felony convictions.

In 2003, West Hollywood, California, passed an ordinance banning declawing of house cats. In 2007, Norfolk, Virginia passed legislation only allowing the procedure for medical reasons. However, most jurisdictions allow the procedure.

In April 2013, Texas Federal Court Judge Sim Lake ruled that the Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act of 2010, which criminalized the recording, sale, and transport of videos depicting animal cruelty as obscenity, violates the First Amendment. Judge Lake noted that obscenity tests require an explicitly sexual depiction, which the criminalized videos lack. This follows the precedent set by United States v. Stevens, which additionally held that restrictions on the possession of animal cruelty videos were unconstitutional.

In November 2019, then-U.S. President Donald Trump signed the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act, making certain intentional acts of cruelty to animals federal crimes carrying penalties of up to seven years in prison. The Act expanded upon the 2010 Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act signed by President Barack Obama that banned the creation and distribution of videos that showed animals being crushed, burned, drowned, suffocated, impaled, or subjected to other forms of torture. The underlying acts, which were not included in the 2010 bill, are part of the PACT Act and are now felony offenses. The bill was unanimously passed in both the House and Senate.

State welfare laws

Several states have enacted or considered laws in support of humane farming.

On 5 November 2002, Florida voters passed Amendment 10 by a margin of 55%, amending the Florida Constitution to ban the confinement of pregnant pigs in gestation crates.

On 14 January 2004, the bill AB-732 died in the California Assembly's Agriculture Committee. The bill would have banned gestation and veal crates, eventually being amended to include only veal crates. On 9 May 2007, the bill AB-594 was withdrawn from the California State Assembly. The bill had been effectively killed in the Assembly Agriculture Committee, by replacing the contents of the bill with language concerning tobacco cessation coverage under Medi-Cal. AB-594 was very similar to the current language of Proposition 2.

On 7 November 2006, Arizona voters passed Proposition 204 with 62% support. The measure prohibits the confinement of calves in veal crates and breeding sows in gestation crates.

On 28 June 2007, Oregon Governor Ted Kulongoski signed a measure into law prohibiting the confinement of pigs in gestation crates (SB 694, 74th Leg. Assembly, Regular Session).

In January 2008, Nebraska State Senate bill LB 1148, to ban the use of gestation crates for pig farmers, was withdrawn within five days amidst controversy.

On 14 May 2008, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter signed into law a bill, SB 201, that phases out gestation crates and veal crates.

Venezuela published a "Law for Protection of Domestic Fauna free and in captivity" in 2010, defining responsibilities and sanctions regarding animal care and ownership. Animal cruelty acts are fined, but are not a cause for imprisonment. The law also forbids the possession, breeding, and reproduction of pit bull dogs, among similar breeds that are alleged to be aggressive and dangerous. It elicited reactions from dog owners, who said that aggressiveness in dogs is determined more by treatment by the owner than by the breed itself.[citation needed ]

Israel banned the sale of fur to the fashion industry in June 2021, being the first country in the world to do so.

As of the year 2006, there were no laws in China governing acts of cruelty to animals. There are no government-supported charitable organizations like the RSPCA, which monitors the cases of animal cruelty. All kinds of animal abuses, such as to fish, tigers, and bears, are to be reported to law enforcement and animal welfare.

In September 2009, legislation was drafted to address deliberate cruelty to animals in China. If passed, the legislation would offer some protection to pets, captive wildlife, and animals used in laboratories, as well as regulate how farm animals are raised, transported, and slaughtered.

As of 2010, Hong Kong has supplemented or replaced the laws against cruelty with a positive approach using laws that specify how animals should be treated. The government department primarily responsible for animal welfare in Hong Kong is the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD).

Laws enforced by the AFCD include these:

the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance (also enforced by the police)

the Public Health (Animals and Birds) Ordinance (including regulations for licenses imposed on livestock keepers and animal traders and a Code of Standards for Licensed Animal Traders)

the Dogs and Cats Ordinance

the Pounds Ordinance

the Rabies Ordinance

the Wild Animals Protection Ordinance

In addition, the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) does the following:

enforces the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance, which includes regulations for slaughterhouses and wet markets

publishes a Code of Practice for the Welfare of Food Animals (which describes their transport)

publishes Operational Guidelines for the Welfare of Food Animals at Slaughterhouses

The Department of Health does the following:

enforces the Animals (Control of Experiments) Ordinance.

publishes a Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Experimental Purposes

As of 2006, Hong Kong has a law titled "Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ordinance", with maximum of 3-year imprisonment and fines of HKD$200,000.

The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 was amended in the year 1982. According to the newly amended Indian animal welfare act, 2011 cruelty to animals is an offense and is punishable with a fine which shall not be less than ten thousand Rupees, which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees or with imprisonment up to two years or both in the case of a first offense. In the case of a second or subsequent offense, with a fine which shall not be less than fifty thousand Rupees, but may extend to one lakh Rupees and with imprisonment with a term which shall not be less than one year but may extend to three years. This amendment is currently awaiting ratification from the Government of India. The 1962 Act is the one that is practiced as of now. The maximum penalty under the 1962 Act is Rs. 50 (under $1). Many organizations, including ones such as the local SPCA, PF, A, and Fosterdopt are actively involved in assisting the general population in reporting cruelty cases to the police and helping bring the perpetrator to justice. Due to this, much change has been observed in the subcontinent. In 2022, A provision of a maximum of five-year imprisonment with a minimum 75 thousand rupees fine for killing an animal has been made. The draft Bill also suggests five freedoms of animals including freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition and from fear and distress, under Section 3A.

In Japan, the 1973 Welfare and Management of Animals Act (amended in 1999 and 2005) stipulates that "no person shall kill, injure, or inflict cruelty to animals without a due course", and in particular, criminalizes cruelty to all mammals, birds, and reptiles possessed by persons; as well as cattle, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, pigeons, domestic rabbits, chickens, and domestic ducks regardless of whether they are in captivity.

Killing or injuring without due reason: up to one year's imprisonment with labor or a fine of up to one million yen

Cruelty such as causing debilitation by discontinuing feeding or watering without due reason: a fine of up to five hundred thousand yen

Abandonment: a fine of up to five hundred thousand yen

Separate national and local ordinances exist about ensuring the health and safety of animals handled by pet shops and other businesses.

Animal experiments are regulated by the 2000 Law for the Humane Treatment and Management of Animals, which was amended in 2006. This law requires those using animals to follow the principles outlined in the 3Rs and use as few animals as possible, and cause minimal distress and suffering. Regulation is at a local level based on national guidelines, but there are no governmental inspections of institutions and no reporting requirement for the numbers of animals used.

Cruelty towards animals protected under the Animal Welfare Act (2015) is punishable by a fine of 20-100,000 ringgit and/or imprisonment of up to three years. Cruelty towards animals protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act (2010) is punishable by a fine of 5-50,000 ringgit and/or up to one-year imprisonment. Under the AA, a person commits an offense of animal cruelty if they "cruelly beats, kicks, ill-treats, overrides, overdrives, overloads, tortures, infuriates or terrifies any animal.

Veterinarian Lana Dunn and several Saudi nationals report that there are no laws to protect animals from cruelty since the term is not well-defined within the Saudi legal system. They point to a lack of a governing body to supervise conditions for animals, particularly in pet stores and in the exotic animal trade with East Africa.

South Korea's animal welfare laws are weak by international standards. South Korea's animal protection law states that anyone who abuses or is cruel to animals may be sentenced to a maximum of three years in prison or fined 30 million won ($25,494), but the standards to decide penalties have been low as the animals are treated as objects under the current legal system, Choung said.

The Taiwanese Animal Protection Act was passed in 1998, imposing fines of up to NT$250,000 for cruelty. Criminal penalties for animal cruelty were enacted in 2009 , including a maximum of one-year imprisonment.

Thailand introduced its first animal welfare law in 2014. The Cruelty Prevention and Welfare of Animal Act, B.E. 2557 (2014) came into being on 27 December 2014.

The European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC is a directive passed by the European Union on the minimum standards for keeping egg laying hens which effectively bans conventional battery cages. The directive passed in 1999, banned conventional battery cages in the EU from 1 January 2012 after a 13-year phase-out.

It is also illegal in many parts of Europe to declaw a cat.

In France, cruelty to animals is punishable by imprisonment of two years and a financial penalty (€30,000).

In Germany, killing animals or causing significant pain (or prolonged or repeated pain) to them is punishable by imprisonment of up to three years or a financial penalty. If the animal is of foreign origin, the act may also be punishable as criminal damage.

The Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013 came into force in 2014, improving animal protection. The maximum penalty is up to €250,000 and up to five years in prison. Sentences of up to three years have been imposed in several cases.

Since 1 October 2014, violence against animals has been a crime in Portugal. Legislation published in the Diário da República on 29 August criminalizes the mistreatment of animals and indicates that "those who, without reasonable cause, inflict pain, suffering, or any other hardship to a companion animal abuse" are to be subject to imprisonment of up to one year. If such acts result in the "death of the animal", the "deprivation of an important organ or member", or "serious and permanent impairment of its capacity of locomotion", those responsible will be punished by imprisonment up to two years.

As for pets, the new law provides that "whoever, having the duty to store, monitor or pet watch, abandons them, thereby putting in danger their food and the provision of care owed" faces up to six months imprisonment.

In Sweden cruelty to animals is punishable by a financial penalty and prison for up to two years. The owner will lose the right to own animals and the animals will be removed from the owner.

Under Turkey's Animal Protection Law No. 5199, cruelty to animals is considered a criminal offense, punishable by up to four years in prison. In July 2021, Turkey banned the opening of circuses which use animals, and dolphinariums. Existing facilities will cease operations in ten years. HAYTAP, the Animal Rights Federation in Turkey, used to believe that the previous law did not contain a strong enough punishment for animal abusers.

Up until then, dogs were used for delivering milk, bread, fish, meat, fruit, vegetables, animal food (the cat's-meat man), and other items for sale and for collecting refuse (the rag-and-bone man). As Nigel Rothfels notes the prohibition against dogs pulling carts in or near London caused most of the dogs to be killed by their owners as they went from being contributors to the family income to unaffordable expenses. Cart dogs were replaced by people with handcarts. About 150,000 dogs were killed or abandoned. Erica Fudge quotes Hilda Kean:

At the heart of nineteenth-century animal welfare campaigns is the middle-class desire not to be able to see cruelty.

The Protection of Animals Act 1911 extended the ban on draft dogs to the rest of the kingdom. As many as 600,000 dogs were killed or abandoned.

The Protection of Animals Act 1911 has since been largely superseded by the Animal Welfare Act 2006, which also superseded and consolidated more than 20 other pieces of legislation, including the Protection of Animals Act 1934 and the Abandonment of Animals Act 1960. The Act introduced a new welfare offense, which means that animal owners have a positive duty of care, and outlaws neglect to provide for their animals' basic needs, such as access to adequate nutrition and veterinary care.

Under the Criminal Damage Act 1971, domestic animals can be classed as property that is capable of being "damaged or destroyed". A charge of criminal damage may be appropriate for the injury or death of an animal owned by someone other than the defendant, and prosecution under the Animal Welfare Act 2006 may also be appropriate.

In Australia, all states and territories have enacted legislation governing animal welfare. The legislation is:

Welfare laws have been criticized as not adequately protecting animals. Whilst police maintain an overall jurisdiction in the prosecution of criminal matters, in many states officers of the RSPCA and other animal welfare charities are accorded authority to investigate and prosecute animal cruelty offenses.

1. Warburton, Nigel (2013). Philosophy: the basics (5th ed.). Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-415-69317-2.

2. Cassuto, David N. (2007). "Bred Meat: The Cultural Foundation of the Factory Farm". Law and Contemporary Problems. 70 (1): 59-87.

3. Norwood, FB; Lusk, JL (2010). "Direct versus indirect questioning: An application to the well-being of farm animals". Soc Indic Res. 96 (3): 551-565. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9492-z. S2CID 145217722.

4. ^ Matheny, Gaverick; Leahy, Cheryl (2007). "Farm-Animal Welfare, Legislation, and Trade". Law and Contemporary Problems. 70 (1): 325-358.

5. ^ Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S.; Stookey, J. M.; Welford, R. (1 August 1997). "Behavior of cattle during hot-iron and freeze branding and the effects on subsequent handling ease". Journal of Animal Science. 75 (8): 2064-2072. doi:10.2527/1997.7582064x. ISSN 0021-8812. PMID 9263052. S2CID 18911989.

6. ^ Goode, Erica (25 January 2012). "Ear-Tagging Proposal May Mean Fewer Branded Cattle". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.

7. ^ Bale, Rachael (17 August 2016). "Fur Farms Still Unfashionably Cruel, Critics Say". National Geographic.

8. ^ Arluke, A.; Levin, J.; Luke, C.; Ascione, F. (1999). "The relationship of animal abuse to violence and other forms of antisocial behavior". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 14 (9): 963-975. doi:10.1177/088626099014009004. S2CID 145797691.

9. ^ Alleyne, E.; Tilston, L.; Parfitt, C.; Butcher, R. (2015). "Adult-perpetrated animal abuse: development of a proclivity scale" (PDF). Psychology, Crime & Law. 21 (6): 570-588. doi:10.1080/1068316X.2014.999064. S2CID 143576557. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2020.

10. ^ Baxendale, S.; Lester, L.; Johnston, R.; Cross, D. (2015). "Risk factors in adolescents' involvement in violent behaviours". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. 7 (1): 2-18. doi:10.1108/jacpr-09-2013-0025.

11. ^ Fitzgerald, Amy J.; Kalof, Linda; Dietz, Thomas (2009). "Slaughterhouses and Increased Crime Rates: An Empirical Analysis of the Spillover From "The Jungle" Into the Surrounding Community". Organization & Environment. Santa Barbara, California: SAGE Publications. 22 (2): 158-184. doi:10.1177/1350508416629456. S2CID 148368906. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019.

12. ^ Muri, K.; Augusti, E.M.; Bjørnholt, M.; Hafstad, G.S (2022). "Childhood experiences of companion animal abuse and its co-occurrence with domestic abuse: Evidence from a national youth survey in Norway". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37 (23-24): NP22627-NP22646. doi:10.1177/08862605211072176. PMC . PMID 35156447. S2CID 246806885.

13. Felthous, Alan R. (1998). Aggression against Cats, Dogs, and People. In Cruelty to Animals and Interpersonal Violence: Readings in Research and Applications. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. pp. 159-167.

14. ^ Gibson, Caitlin (24 September 2014). "Loudoun Program Underscores the Link between Domestic Violence, Animal Abuse". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016.

15. ^ Duncan, A.; et al. (2005). "Significance of Family Risk Factors in Development of Childhood Animal Cruelty in Adolescent Boys with Conduct Problems". Journal of Family Violence. 20 (4): 235-239. doi:10.1007/s10896-005-5987-9. S2CID 40008466.

16. ^ Hile, Jennifer (16 October 2002). "Activists Denounce Thailand's Elephant "Crushing" Ritual". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 18 February 2007. Just before dawn in the remote highlands of northern Thailand, west of the village Mae Jaem, four-year-old elephant bellows as seven village men stab nails into her ears and feet. She is tied up and immobilized in a small, wooden cage. Her cries are the only sounds to interrupt the otherwise quiet countryside. The cage is called a "training crush." It's the centerpiece of a centuries-old ritual in northern Thailand designed to domesticate young elephants. In addition to beatings, handlers use sleep deprivation, hunger, and thirst to "break" the elephants' spirit and make them submissive to their owners.

17. ^ "Circus Incidents: Attacks, Abuse and Property Damage" (PDF). Humane Society of the United States. 1 June 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.

18. ^ Taylor, Alfred S. (October 1832). "An Account of the Grotta del Cane; With Remarks Upon Suffocation by Carbonic Acid". The London Medical and Physical Journal. New Series. LXVIII (76): 278-285. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020.

19. ^ "Nigeria | World Animal Protection". api.world animal protection. org. Despite the fact that there is no report that anybody has ever been tried and convicted for the offense, the 1999 Constitution prohibits the abuse of animals under Miscellaneous Offences. It states in Chapter 50 on 'Cruelly to Animals' that any person who cruelly beats, kicks, ill-treats, over-rides, over-drives, over-loads, tortures, infuriates, or terrifies any animal, or causes or procures, or, being the owner, permits any animal to be so used "is guilty of an offense of cruelty and is liable to imprisonment for six months or to a fine of fifty nairas, or to both such imprisonment and fine."

20. ^ "Colombian president offers to grant bullfighting status of cultural heritage".

21. ^ "'Animal crush' video charges dismissed in the first case under new law". POLITICO. 23 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013.

22. ^ Zarrell, Matt (25 November 2019). "President Trump signs animal cruelty bill into law, making it a federal felony". ABC News.

23. ^ "Farm Animal Welfare Bill Killed in Legislature". Omaha World Daily. 17 February 2008.

24. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, "^ Penalty for Cruelty to Animals Archived 23 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine," Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Chapter 169, Section 3) 15 December 2006

25. Christopher S. Stevenson, Lisa A. Marshall and Douglas W. Morgan ^ Japanese guidelines and regulations for scientific and ethical animal experimentation. Progress in Inflammation Research 2nd Edition 2006 p. 187. doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-7520-1_10

26. Kaohsiung Municipal Institute for Animal Health, "^ Laws and Regulations," Animal Protection Act last amended 11 July 2007.

27. ^ "Carlow man jailed for 'atrocious levels of animal cruelty' loses sentence appeal". 10 April 2019.

28. ^ Scales of Justice: In Zurich, Even Fish Have a Lawyer Archived 22 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Deborah Ball. The Wall Street Journal. 6 March 2010

29. ^ The lawyer who defends animals Archived 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Leo Hickman. The Guardian. 5 March 2010

30. "Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu" (in Turkish).

31. ^ "Turkish parliament approves animal rights bill". Anadolu Agency. 9 July 2021.

32. /^ Graham Robb (2007). The discovery of France: a historical geography from the Revolution to the First World War. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 167-. ISBN 978-0-393-05973-1. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020.

33. Rothfels, Nigel (2002), Representing Animals, Indiana University Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0-253-34154-9 . Chapter: 'A Left-handed Blow: Writing the History of Animals' by Erica Fudge

34. ^ Animal Rights by Hilda Kean, 1998, University of Chicago Press. Archived 11 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine

35. ^ "Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld)" (PDF). legislation.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018.

Arluke, Arnold. Brute Force: Animal Police and the Challenge of Cruelty, Purdue University Press (15 August 2004), hardcover, 175 pages, ISBN 1-55753-350-4. An ethnographic study of humane law enforcement officers.

Fiber-Ostrow, Pamela, Lovell, Jarret S. "Behind a veil of secrecy: animal abuse, factory farms, and Ag-Gag legislation." Contemporary Justice Review (2016) 19(2), 230 - 249.

Lea, Suzanne Goodney (2007). Delinquency and Animal Cruelty: Myths and Realities about Social Pathology, hardcover, 168 pages, ISBN 978-1-59332-197-0. Lea challenges the argument made by animal rights activists that animal cruelty enacted during childhood is a precursor to human-directed violence.

Munro H. The battered pet (1999) In F. Ascione & P. Arkow (Eds.) Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Animal Abuse. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 199-208. ISBN 1-55753-143-9

Tichelar, Michael. "Royalty and Opposition to Blood Sports in Twentieth‐Century Britain: From Imperial Spoils to Wildlife Conservation?." History 103.357 (2018): 588-609.

Mance, Henry (2021). How to love animals : in a human-shaped world (First North American edition ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-9848-7965-3. OCLC 1226175333

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon non-human animals. More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievements, such as killing animals for entertainment; cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, referred to as zoosadism.

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This is a website that rescues animals and takes care of them.

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This is a company that saves animals.

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Neglect including failure to provide food, water, clean and sanitary shelter offering protection from weather, and necessary veterinary care.

Abuse including intentionally, knowingly or recklessly mistreating, beating, torturing, or abandoning or abusing an animal.

Tethering an unattended dog in excess of nine hours in a 24-hour period. The tether must be the appropriate length (as outlined in PA Law), secured to a collar or harness by means of a mechanism designed to prevent entanglement. The dog must have access to food, water, and shade or shelter from the weather. Additionally, a dog may not be tethered for longer than 30 minutes in temperatures above 90 or below 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

Transporting animals in a cruel manner. Animal mutilation and related offenses.
Possession of animal fighting paraphernalia.
Animal fighting including causing or allowing an animal to engage in animal fighting, receiving compensation for admission to or hosting an animal fight, owning, training, promoting, or knowingly selling an animal for animal fighting, attending and wagering on the outcome of an animal fight.

Download an Overview of PA Cruelty Laws

Red Flags of Animal Abuse & Neglect
PHYSICAL SIGNS
According to the ASPCA, the following are common red flags that could indicate animal abuse and/or neglect:
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNS

A person striking or otherwise physically abusing an animal.

Extreme thinness or emaciation-bones may be visible.

A tight collar that has caused a wound or has become embedded in the animal's neck.

Signs of an illness or injury that is not being treated, including open wounds or broken bones.

Fur infested with fleas, ticks or other parasites.

Signs of inadequate grooming, such as extreme matting of fur or overgrown nails that interfere with the animal's ability to walk or otherwise function normally.

Signs of dogfighting including:

Dogs with multiple scars, possibly with lips or ears ripped off

Pit bull-mix-type dogs weighing approximately 40-50 lb.

Dogs on heavy chains, tethered to a tire axle or dog house/barrel

Dirt ring around the dog

Dogs chained inches apart from one another

Dogs chained or penned in a secluded area intentionally kept out of the public's view

Animals confined outside for long periods of time without adequate food or water.

Animals confined outside in inclement weather without access to adequate shelter.

Animals confined to a space that is littered with feces, urine, garbage, broken glass or other objects that could harm them.

Animals confined in kennels or cages that are too small to allow them to stand, turn around and make normal movements or have sufficient access to food, water or protection from the elements.

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The Erie Humane Society is an independent, 501-c3 nonprofit animal shelter, operating under no-kill standards. We strive to match pets with loving families.

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In April 2023, a post of visitor revealing the poor conditions in a zoo in Daegu, Korea, sparked controversy on social media. The weary state of the animals filled many people with concern about the environment at the zoo.

This indoor zoo, located in the basement of a shopping mall in Daegu, covers 4,300 square meters, and houses more than 60 species. Various animals such as meerkats, geese, servals, hyenas, and white lions are on display in extremely harsh surroundings. Nocturnal animals are exposed to bright light even during the day, and constantly afflicted by the noise caused by humans. Birds such as parrots are kept confined in small and low-ceilinged exhibits, and reptiles such as snakes suffer in similar conditions.

Ten or even more rabbits and guinea pigs are crammed into tiny cages with limited range of motion, and ducks are made to stand on artificial structures without sufficient supply of water. Such harsh living environments prevent the animals from indulging in their natural instincts such as flying, digging, and running. Moreover, as the zoo is underground, animals cannot bask in the sun or breathe fresh air, which is essential for wild creatures.

The zoo also runs a feeding activity where visitors can feed animals with long metal skewers through tiny holes. The monkeys and desert foxes in the zoo demonstrate an over-reliance on the carrots offered by guests, whereas the lions display the opposite behavior. The latter particularly seemed to have no interest in the chicken provided by visitors, and they continue to lie down lethargically, staring into the distance.

The violation of animal rights has been a chronic problem in Korea. An indoor zoo in Daejeon also faced similar backlash for cramming its animals in narrow cages. On April 25, 2023, a series of photos of tigers, white lions, and bears in extremely narrow cages went viral under the headline "Shocking Daejeon Indoor Zoo."

Wild animals were on display in a glasshouse, and there was no outdoor area for the animals to roam about. They were forced to sit on cold cement floors without grass, completely exposed to visitors. The stress induced by this environment caused some animals to exhibit stereotypical repetitive behavior such as moving around the cage meaninglessly or banging their heads against the wall.

There are various other "animal prisons" in Korea and they continuously make controversy every year due to the poor living conditions of most of these places.

What is Going on in the Indoor Zoos in Korea?

According to the First Zoo Management Master Plan (2021-2025) laid down by the Ministry of Environment in December 2020, 46 of the 90 private zoos in Korea operate as indoor petting zoos, where visitors can touch and feed animals whenever they want. The enactment and implementation of the Zoo and Aquarium Act in 2017 did away with the mandatory requirement to secure outdoor places, thereby allowing zoos to operate solely in the form of indoor facilities. This step has resulted in a significantly increased number of indoor zoos.

In Korea, zoo operations are currently regulated through a registration system based on which anyone can open and operate a zoo, provided they meet certain requirements. Those who want to run a zoo or an aquarium need to register only the facility's location, the status of its professional staff, the number of animals, and the number of endangered species.

The registration also includes a plan on disease management, a suitable habitat environment, and safety management. However, there is no system to check the actual implementation of the plan or the state of management after registration. The regulations on safety management and the habitat environment are only declaratory and do not specify obligations to prevent possible accidents, diseases, or infections.

Regarding the habitat environment, except for 90 species of animals including some of the internationally endangered species, there are no specific regulations determining the standards of living environment of the animals. Additionally, punishment for violations does not exist, which means that there are no provisions for enforceability. These weak policies have allowed the creation and maintenance of zoos that are inhumane for animals; hence, a lot of zoos in Korea are called "animal prison."

In addition, indoor zoos are promoted as places of enjoyment regardless of the weather. In the case of a zoo located in a complex cultural space, a great number of visitors is attracted by emphasizing the convenience of facilities. Contrary to the actual purpose of zoos, which is to protect animals, there are numerous zoos touting these advantages without consideration or care for the animals. This attitude has fostered an environment for unethical practices at zoos at the cost of the animals.

Owing to the lack of effective policy and a focus on human convenience, indoor zoos result in the following problems. First, indoor petting zoos do not fulfil even basic animal welfare standards. Artificial indoor spaces with artificial decorations and bright lighting are not suitable for wild animals. In addition, as hundreds of animals are huddled in a limited space, the minimum area requirements are often not satisfied for them to perform their natural activities freely. For example, in 2020, a lioness died at an indoor zoo in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do. She was confined to a single space without any distinction between the inner room and the outdoor area and with tiled floor. The animal rights organization Kara argued that the lioness could not even dream of lying calmly on the ground and lived a sad existence that was as good as death. Thus, animals are constantly suffering in such harsh environments.

Moreover, the prevalence of misguided exhibits and hands-on activities that use animals for means of entertainment make the situation worse. Direct physical contact with visitors is distressing for the animals that are already psychologically withdrawn in small cages and constantly exposed to humans. Close-range exhibits without boundaries expose them to unwanted visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli. These hands-on activities also carry the risk of spreading infectious diseases. According to veterinarians who visited the indoor zoo in Daegu in 2019, without proper quarantine regulations, physical contact with animals can result in the spread of zoonotic diseases.

The debate over these problematic indoor petting zoos has seen a divergence of views from animal rights organizations, zoos, and visitors. Animal Freedom Solidarity condemns indoor zoos as ridiculous and anachronistic places where animals cannot feel the sun or breeze because of the lack of space and artificial structures. They argue that indoor zoos are not an appropriate place for animals to live, and that animals have the right to live freely and pursue their own habits and instincts. In addition, activists from animal rights organizations such as Animal Rescue 19, Kara, Hi, and Aware fervently call for an end to animal exhibitions that are hotbeds of animal abuse and disease transmission.

In response, the owners of indoor zoos argue that animal rights groups overgeneralize some of the issues to simply vilify zoos and emphasized that there is nothing legally wrong with operating indoor zoos. They also claim that they pay significant attention to the welfare of their animals by ensuring that they receive regular vaccinations and care in cooperation with veterinary clinics.

A 2018 survey by the Ministry of Environment revealed that 75.6 percent of respondents are critical of the conditions of indoor zoos and believe that "the welfare of exhibited animals needs to be improved." Nevertheless, in reality, many people visit indoor zoos for pleasure without any regard for the state of its animals.

How Should Indoor Zoos in Korea Change?

The fact that zoos in Korea have come under fire several times in recent times shows that at least a section of people are concerned about animal rights. Unfortunately, many zoos in Korea cater to the selfish pleasure of humans instead of protecting endangered species and ensuring animal welfare.

To resolve this crisis, the Ministry of Environment is planning to change the zoo registration system in December, 2023, to a licensing system with proper zoo laws that is in place in most countries, including the US, the UK, and Australia. This system allows the operation of zoos only with facilities that take into account the ecological habit and habitats of animals and comply with animal welfare.

Periodic inspections by professional inspectors are required to monitor habitat environments, and inappropriate experiential activities should be restricted. It is necessary to make institutional efforts to ensure that zoos fulfill their primary function of protecting animals and providing accurate information about them. The new system will install a public surveillance system to monitor the upkeep of zoos. Moreover, the public attitude toward zoos requires a transformation.

Human beings must respect and understand the value of animals. Such changes in policy and public perception will create an environment where the animals can have a good living.

Lee Hyang-gi
lhg0523@uos.ac.kr

저작권자 © The UOS Times(서울시립대영자신문) 무단전재 및 재배포 금지

Lee Hyang-gi
lhg0523@uos.ac.kr

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Animal Rights Violation in Indoor Zoos in Korea

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In April 2023, a post of visitor revealing the poor conditions in a zoo in Daegu, Korea, sparked controversy on social media. The weary state of the animals filled many people with concern about the environment at the zoo.

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Canada, Spain and South Korea all implemented changes

I read a lot of animal news stories to find which ones to cover for CBC Kids News.

This year, I noticed many of those stories focused on animal rights.

The Canadian Oxford Dictionary defines animal rights as "the right of animals to be free from abuse or exploitation by humans."

How animal rights are protected varies in different countries.

People don't always agree on whether animals' rights should be prioritized above peoples' cultural traditions.

In 2023, three new laws from around the world were introduced that will shape how animal rights are upheld in those countries in the future.

Here's a year-end wrap of some of the big stories that made the news.

1. Canada restricts elephant ivory and rhino horn trade

On Nov. 20, 2023, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault announced new measures to protect rhinos and elephants.

These animals, native to several African countries, are often hunted for their horns and tusks.

According to the government of Canada, the number of elephants in Africa has dropped about 70 per cent since 1980.

Rhinoceros populations also face threats to their survival.

Canada's new restrictions make it difficult for people to buy, sell or own objects containing rhino horns or elephant ivory.

The goal is to discourage people from hunting these animals.

The new restrictions also require that people have permits for household items that include elephant ivory or rhino horn.

The response from conservationists has been very positive.

"Our country is doing our part to ensure these majestic animals have a future," said Kelly Butler, wildlife campaign manager for the Canadian branch of Humane Society International, in a news release.

2. South Korea moves to ban dog meat by 2027

In November, South Korea announced its plan to ban eating dog meat by 2027.

The bill was introduced by the ruling party and would make it illegal to breed and sell dogs for meat.

Eating dogs has been a South Korean custom for centuries, but polls show that today the majority of people in that country oppose eating dogs.

The bill offers three years for dog breeders and restaurant owners to transition out of the business before it would take effect.

It also promises financial support while they find new work.

Dog meat farmers heavily oppose the bill, saying they weren't involved in making the decision and that the government support isn't enough compensation.

"It's really unreasonable ... I've been in this business for 30 years," Nam Sung-Gue, the owner of a dog meat restaurant, told Reuters in Korean.

3. Spain's new animal welfare law excludes bullfighting

Cultural traditions and animal rights collided again in Spain, with protests for and against bullfighting throughout 2023.

Bullfighting, also called "la corrida," is a Spanish cultural tradition consisting of a ceremonial fight between a person and a bull.

It typically ends with the bullfighter killing the bull. It's often a slow and painful death, according to Humane Society International.

Animal rights activists say that it's cruel to kill an animal for sport, while supporters of bullfighting argue that cultural traditions should be preserved.

In Spain, a law came into effect on Sept. 29 that makes it illegal to use animals for entertainment if that entertainment causes them harm.

The bulls used for bullfighting were excluded from this protection.

Click play to see the animals at the centre of animal rights protests in 2023!

Check out these other animal news videos:
Have more questions? ﻿Want to tell us how we're doing? Use the "send us feedback" link below. ⬇️⬇️⬇️ With files from Reuters, The Associated Press
TOP IMAGE CREDIT: Jorge Guerrero/AFP/Getty Images, Kim Hong-Ji/Reuters,Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images, with graphic design by Philip Street/CBC)

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WATCH - Animal rights: 3 stories that made headlines in 2023

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From Canada to South Korea and Spain, here's a year of animal rights changes in review. #AnimalNews

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Korea's Animal Protection Act that was drawn up in 1991 has been long due for an overhaul. And finally, for the first time in 31 years, the law went through a complete revision. On April 26, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs promulgated the revised law, which will take effect from April 27, 2023.

Jeong Bu-yoon, an operation director at Beagle Rescue Network that helped shut down a poorly managed private shelter called Aerinwon in Pocheon, Gyeonggi, in 2019, said the revision "may finally help improve the lives of the animals and punish pet owners and help eradicate poorly managed animal shelters like Aerinwon. Such a law should've been in place ages ago."

There's a reason for Jeong's cold-hearted acknowledgment. To the eyes of animal rights advocates, rearing animals in unsanitary and unsafe environments is "a clear act of animal abuse."

Under the revised Animal Protection Act, pet owners can now be punished if they do not "fulfill their rightful duty as a pet owner." Owners must properly feed their pets, provide them with adequate places to live, and care for them when they are sick. Those who are found responsible for the deaths of their pets can face up to three years in prison or a maximum fine of 30 million won ($24,000). Previously, such acts of negligence were not subject to punishment as they were not deemed animal abuse.

Moreover, as private animal shelters were not under the government's radar, there was no legal basis to regulate or manage such facilities, some of which operate in dire conditions. But under the revised bill, the government will have to screen owners as well as the status of the facilities before giving them the authorization to operate. Existing facilities will have to go through a screening process by next April. If they don't meet certain standards, the shelters will have to shut down.

"As a person who led the shutdown of one of Korea's worst private rescue dog shelters and has rescued dogs from illegal breeding facilities, such changes come as great news," said Jeong. "The duties of a rightful pet owner being specified in the legislation and what constitutes as abuse is a big change."

According to Jeong, when people think of animal abuse, they often picture brutal torture and the killing of cats and dogs. But animal abuse "is a lot more comprehensive and should be spelled out in the legislation," he said.

"For poorly managed shelters or illegal breeding facilities, dogs get densely reared in small spaces. Many of them often die after getting bitten by other dogs or from contagious diseases," said Jeong. "Aerinwon was one of those facilities. Now we have the legal basis to punish illegal breeders and animal hoarders."

Aerinwon was established by a woman named Kong Kyung-hee about 25 years ago. It began with a good intention, like many private shelters. However, as the number of dogs increased rapidly and there was not enough funding to get dogs neutered or spayed, the number of animals living at the shelter multiplied rapidly, leading to as many as 3,000 dogs living at the shelter. Big dogs and small dogs were not separated, which led to many larger animals attacking smaller ones. New-born pups were dying due to malnutrition and infections. The dogs were not being fed properly and water bowls were occupied by rats. But Kong insisted that she loved her dogs and refused to hand over the shelter.

Beagle Rescue Network saw it as animal abuse.

"She wasn't operating an animal rescue center. She was an animal hoarder," Jeong said.

Regardless of the conditions at Kong's facilities, there were no legal grounds to press charges against her.

That was until Beagle Rescue Network found out that Kong was operating the shelter on unused land without the real owner's permission. Jeong's team talked to the landowner, informed him of the issue, and filed a suit against Kong for illegal occupation. They finally managed to oust her from managing Aerinwon. Beagle Rescue Network has been operating the shelter since 2019.

"Such shelters operating in poor conditions are a huge threat to animals' health and welfare and a huge factor that contributes to the multiplying number of dogs in such animal shelters," said Jeong.

"There are so many private animal shelters scattered across the country. It has been difficult for the government and animal rights activist groups like us to keep track of them because they didn't have to report their businesses. Many of them are being operated in harsh environments. People have to recognize that this is also a serious form of animal abuse and the government must manage and supervise such facilities."

Animal rights activist group Haenggang's director Park Un-seon said it's concerning how many existing animal shelters will be unable to meet the standards to receive the green light from the government and continue operating when the revised law takes effect from next April.

"There are about 100 private animal shelters in the country we are aware of," said Park. "Most of them are operated by one manager in their 60s or 70s on a plot of land that's been rented out. It will be impossible for such shelters to meet the government's standards according to the revised Animal Protection Act. I believe about 80 percent of them will have to shut down. What will happen to the dogs there? During the year, animal rights activists should actively promote adoption of the dogs in such shelters. The government should also come up with a plan."

Meanwhile, the lives of about 80 dogs in Beagle Rescue Network's Pocheon Shelter, identified as "survivors of Aerinwon," are left in limbo, once again.

The land owner of the shelter decided to no longer lease out the plot and asked the Pocheon shelter to vacate by the end of this month. Beagle Rescue Network managed to transfer hundreds of dogs to another shelter it operates in Boeun County, North Chungcheong, but that facility is now at capacity leaving 80 dogs with no where to go.

"It's devastating," said the manager at the Pocheon Shelter. "How about you adopt 10 dogs today and save their lives? Then we'll only have 70 to worry about until May 31," he added, half-jokingly to this reporter who visited the shelter last week.

It's especially devastating as there may be ways for the government to support such troubled animal shelters - but not until the revision takes effect next year.

Since taking over Aerinwon in 2019, Beagle Rescue Network said it has not received a single penny from the local government. Jeong says it would be great if the remaining dogs find a new home, even if it's temporary foster homes before it's too late.

"For the welfare of the animals, we try to focus on decreasing the number of dogs in the shelter by placing them up for adoption or try very hard to find them foster homes," said Jeong. "It's important for such dogs that are born inside a facility and have never been outside to stay at temporary foster homes before they get adopted. Because they have hardly ever interacted with people and they have no experience with human beings or living as a house dog, it's important that they have a lot of experience before getting adopted. That way, we can reduce the number of dogs getting returned because their adoptive families can't handle them."

Jeong said many of the dogs being looked after at Beagle Rescue Network find new homes overseas. Although the number has decreased in recent years due to Covid-19, Beagle Rescue Network managed to send 247 dogs overseas for adoption in 2021. One-hundred and seventeen were adopted within Korea.

"Because many dogs at our shelters are mixed breeds, there are more overseas adoptions," said Jeong. "Sadly, Koreans tend to look for smaller, pure breeds even at rescue shelters. We hope these dogs find new homes before they get too old."

Other animal rights activist groups welcomed the country's first-ever overhaul of the Animal Protection Act but at the same time, said there's "still a long way to go."

"For example, the pet owner can have their pet back if they wish after a certain period of time apart, even after they are punished for animal abuse," said Park from Haenggang. "Even under the revised law, we can't prohibit those who have been charged with animal abuse from raising another animal. The level of punishment of animal abuse is also very light. I think we have to continue revising the law to make sure those who should be punished get punished properly."

With the revision, pet shops will also have to report their businesses to the government and face inspections. While it's a step in the right direction, Park pointed out there's a loophole.

"These days, there are so many pet shops that disguise themselves as animal shelters and ask potential pet owners for large sums of money, or so-called 'adoption fees.' They will certainly meet the standards as the environment will be clean and spacious. But the revised law won't be able to prohibit those businesses."

"As for private animal shelters, reporting is now mandatory and violations can be subject to criminal punishment," said an official from the Korean Animal Welfare Association. "On the other hand, such pet shops operating animal shelters won't be on the government's radar. It's not fair."

Jeong from Beagle Rescue Network said it's impossible to shut down such pet shops and illegal dog farms as long as there are people willing to "purchase animals."

"Many animal rights activists have been working for a long time to eradicate pet shops but fundamentally, people's perception of 'buying and selling life for money' should change," Jeong said.

Korea Animal Rights Advocates (Kara), also argued that the omission of provisions related to banning dog meat is another aspect where the new legislation is lacking.

"All the animal abuse punishment applies to pets and it does not apply to dogs that are bred for consumption," said Kara in a statement released soon after the promulgation of the Animal Protection Act.

"Many people are not aware that Korea categorizes dogs into two, as pets and for consumption. Under the current law or even the revised law, we can't do anything about abusive breeding and slaughtering of dogs categorized for consumption. We can't punish the owners of dog farms that rear dogs for consumption even if they are feeding dogs food scraps."

BY YIM SEUNG-HYE [yim.seunghye@joongang.co.kr]

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Animal protection law gets long-awaited overhaul, but advocates worry about loopholes

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Korea's Animal Protection Act that was drawn up in 1991 has been long due for an overhaul. And finally, for the first time in 31 years, the law went through a complete revision. On April 26, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs ...

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86% of South Koreans have no plans to eat dog meat and the majority support a ban, new Nielsen/HSI poll finds

With four legislative bills and bipartisan support for a ban, poll shows significant support among traditional older consumers

Humane Society International / South Korea

SEOUL―The vast majority of South Koreans (86%) have little to no intention of consuming dog meat in the future, regardless of their past consumption, according to a new survey by Nielsen Korea commissioned by animal group Humane Society International/Korea. A majority (57%) support a ban on the dog meat industry, and around 65% of those polled expect to see an end to dog meat consumption in less than two years. Animal cruelty is the top reason for those supporting a ban (53%) with almost 50% (49.7%) citing unsanitary conditions of dog meat production as the main motivator.

The results of the "2023 Dog Meat Consumption and Attitude Survey" are released amid a surge in political discussions on banning the dog meat industry in South Korea. Four legislative bills for a ban have been proposed, and 44 members of the National Assembly― including Han Jeong-ae of the Democratic Party of Korea and Lee Heon-seung of the People Power Party―have supported a parliamentary resolution to end the dog meat industry. Recently, First Lady Kim Geon-hee once again emphasised her commitment to a ban, joining Korean animal welfare groups including HSI/Korea at a press conference last month.

The most significant attitude shift seen in the Nielsen/HSI survey is observed among people in their 40s and 50s, traditionally considered the primary consumers of dog meat. According to the survey, negative perceptions of dog meat and a heightened empathy for the well-being of all dogs have increased in this age group since last year. For example, 73% of people in their 50s now express the view that all dogs―whether pets or on dog meat farms― should be protected, and 64% in this age category cite animal cruelty as their main reason for supporting a ban on the dog meat industry.

Sangkyung Lee, dog meat campaign manager for HSI/Korea, said: "As politicians from all parties are showing support for a ban on the dog meat industry, our survey clearly shows that they have the backing of the Korean people, the vast majority of whom don't eat dog meat. The cruelty of the dog meat industry is the top reason cited for supporting a ban, with the unsanitary conditions the second highest motivating factor, both figures that we believe will continue to rise as people become increasingly aware of the animal suffering and lack of hygiene inherent in the dog meat industry. HSI/Korea's Models for Change program has successfully worked with 18 dog meat farmers so far to permanently close their farms and help them transition to alternative, humane livelihoods. Our work demonstrates that cooperation with dog meat farmers is possible and that an end to this industry can be a win:win for both people and dogs. Legislative efforts by lawmakers and the government are now urgently needed for the passage of a dog meat ban into law."

Overview of main findings:

86% say they will not or probably will not consume dog meat in the future.

54% say they have never eaten dog meat (and will not do so in the future).

57% support a ban on the dog meat industry.

53% overall (and 64% of those in their 50s) cite animal cruelty as their top reason for a dog meat industry ban.

7% cite unsanitary conditions as their top reason for a dog meat industry ban.

68% overall (and 73% of those in their 50s) believe all dogs, whether so-called "meat dogs" or pets, deserve equal care and protection.

Photos and video of HSI/Korea rescuing dogs from a dog meat farm in March 2023

ENDS

This survey was conducted online in August 2023, targeting 1,500 respondents aged 18 to 59, considering gender, age and regional demographics, with margin of error +-2.53%.

Media contact: Wendy Higgins, HSI's director of international media: whiggins@hsi.org

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86% of South Koreans have no plans to eat dog meat and the majority support a ban, new Nielsen/HSI poll finds

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SEOUL―The vast majority of South Koreans (86%) have little to no intention of consuming dog meat in the future, regardless...

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In this article, the first article of a six-part series on the infamous Yulin Dog Meat Festival, we examine the origins of the festival, the appalling animal cruelty, and how it has progressed over the past 12 years.

In subsequent articles, we will explore the mass illegality that underpins this horrendous event, and the domestic and international response to the Yulin Festival. We will wrap up with some ways you can get involved and help end this cruel and inhumane event and trade for good.

It's improtant to note that eating dogs in China is not part of Chinese culture and is a practice that has developed over recent years.

History Of Yulin Festival, The Annual Dog Meat Festival

The Yulin Lychee and Dog Meat Festival, commonly known as the "Yulin Festival", is an annual "festival" held in Yulin, a city in the Guangxi province in south-west China.The festival is held on the lunar summer solstice day every year. This year, 2021, it will be held on 6/21.

Beginning in 2009, this now annual event was initially promoted by dog-meat traders and dog-meat restaurants, in conjunction with the local government, as a tourism initiative to drive revenue to an otherwise poor, rural city in one of the less-prosperous provinces in mainland China.

The "festival" was met with immediate outcry and has since remained an extremely divisive event. Since its inception, there has been a huge amount of domestic and international outcry and support to end the "festival", facing off against the fervent support of the local population who defend the "festival" on grounds of tradition, and the dog-meat traders and restaurants who share a vested interest in keeping the festival alive.

Dog Meat Consumption in China

The number of dogs slaughtered and eaten during the Yulin festival has changed over the 11 years of its barbaric existence.

But the largest reported number of dogs eaten during the Yulin Festival is over 10,000, and more recently, we believe this has decreased to a little under 3,000.

This indicates that there is a reason to hope that the festival will eventually be cancelled.

We will examine these numbers more closely in a forthcoming article in the Yulin series, but it is important to note that what happens in Yulin is not an isolated event that happens once a year.

Dog Meat Is Eaten Daily in Yulin

The annual festival represents a marked increase in dog-meat activity, but dogs are stolen and transported for hundreds of miles in horrendous conditions to Yulin where they are slaughtered and eaten every day of the year.

Despite The Atrocities Associated With Eating Dog Meat, There Is Hope

A 2017 study found that the dog eating practice itself is not widely popular in Yulin. Nearly 75% of Yulin residents had not ever eaten dog meat, despite the efforts of the dog-meat trade to promote it.

On a broader scale, almost 70 per cent of people polled across China had never eaten dog meat, and there is a large amount of support for ending not only the festival, but also the dog meat trade itself. While the same is true of cat meat, the cat meat trade is not, and has not ever been, as large and pervasive as the dog meat trade.

Notwithstanding the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, coupled with both the decree declaring dogs as companion animals not livestock, and the temporary ban on live and wet markets, the Yulin festival was still held in 2020 on a much smaller scale.

The fact that the "festival" still happened should give us an indication of just how little regard the local Yulin government has for the health and welfare of dogs, and also the health and safety of the people attending the festival.

Not surprisingly, given how powerful the local traders are, we expect that the Yulin festival will again take place in 2021, similar to the size and scope of the 2020 festival.

While every year has seen a smaller number of dogs killed, we believe even one dog being slaughtered for meat is one dog too many.

Together, we will end the dog meat trade for good.

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The Truth About The Yulin Dog Eating Festival In China

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Learn about how the infamous Yulin Dog Meat Festival began and join us in the fight to end the dog and cat meat trade forever.

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On Sept. 6, a man who abused 53 dogs he had raised for the past eight years was sentenced to a six-month prison term with two years' probation. On Aug. 23, the animal abuse case of a person who strangled street cats and distributed videos of the crimes via Kakao Talk's open chat room angered many people, but only a fine of 2 million won was imposed on the perpetrator.

Apart from these sensational instances of animal cruelty, domestic animal breeding facilities are also being highlighted as perpetrators of animal abuse. Media reports of such places administering drugs to induce repeated conception and inhumane procedures to extract puppies from pregnant dogs have shocked many people into acknowledging the need for enhanced animal protection and management.

Although the Animal Protection Act in Korea stipulates that animals should be protected, free from abuse, and provided with appropriate care, the act itself is controversial as the judgments for cases differ from court to court and punishments are typically light.

According to a 2022 report from the Korean National Police Agency, arrests for violation of the Animal Protection Act gradually increased between 2014 and 2021. Arrests in 2017, which saw 322 reported cases, more than doubled in 2021, with 936 people arrested with 688 cases.

Moreover, according to data released by Democratic party legislator Song Ki-hun's parliamentary office, of the 4,221 animal abuse cases from 2017 to March 2022, only four of them led to arrests, accounting for a mere 0.1 percent. Most cases were not prosecuted or summarily ordered, and only 2.9 percent were handed over to formal trials. Even in formal trials, only 19 out of 346 people were sentenced to prison, where most received light penalties such as fines or probation.

As the number of companion animals in South Korea has seen significant increases in recent years alongside the continuous rise in animal cruelty cases, efforts have been made to prevent animal abuse and effectively protect animals.

In particular, the South Korean government is developing a system for animal protection and welfare. Operated by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, the Korea Animal Welfare Information System not only registers and protects pets, but also rescues and promotes the adoption of abandoned animals.

Kim Yunhi, an officer working in the animal protection department of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, explained that the system mainly consists of portal functions for the general public and animal-related business support functions for local government officials.

The portal function provides information related to animals' registration, protection, and rescue cases, as well as animal hospitals and protection centers across the country. According to Kim, a total of 113,440 animals were rescued in 2022, with an average of 9,453 rescued and protected each month. The system strives to reunite lost animals with their owners and works to find new homes for abandoned animals.

The animal registration system has been in place nationwide for dogs over two months of age since 2014. Kim explained that registering animals has the effect of quickly returning lost animals to their owner and preventing them from being abused or abandoned. Kim stressed the need for animal registration managed at the national level for safer animal management.

In addition to efforts to promote adoption, a new function has recently been established to check how many animals an applicant has adopted in the past. This helps prevent adoption for the purposes of abuse and verifies whether applicants can provide an appropriate environment for animals. In order to ensure that adopted animals are well managed, the agency intends to link adoption information with the post-adoption animal registration status.

RSPCA shelter provides cages for dogs to move freely inside.Photo by Hyung Jungwon

RSPCA for animal care, protection services and restraining animal cruelty

In search of ways to ameliorate animal protection programs in Korea, Ewha Voice went on a week-long trip to Australia, which is renowned for its animal welfare organizations.

According to a survey by Animal Medicines Australia, 69 percent of households in Australia own pets, which is an estimated 28.7 million pets as of 2022. Accordingly, Australia is a country with well-developed institutions, laws, and consciousness related to animal rights. Despite these achievements, the nation continues to improve matters through the efforts of numerous Australian animal welfare organizations.

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest organizations working for the protection of animals in Australia. Since the establishment of its first society in 1871, RSPCA member societies have been organized in every state, culminating in the formation of the national body RSPCA Australia in 1980.

Adam Farrugia, senior manager of training at RSPCA Sydney shelter, explains that the association's main goal is to prevent cruelty to animals. Photo by Hyung Jungwon

According to Adam Farrugia, a senior manager of training at RSPCA Sydney Shelter, the main goal of the organization is to prevent animal cruelty and foster animals in shelters to rehabilitate and rehome them, along with offering vet clinics and education.

One of the most important services offered by RSPCA is adoption, while the organization also has a system to rescue many domestic animals, predominantly cats and dogs.

The shelter itself is spacious, full of cages and rooms for pre-adoption animals. It provides spaces according to the characteristics of each individual animal to prevent stress. For instance, dogs have larger cages to move freely inside, and cats have cat towers installed in each room.

"We do not euthanize an animal even if it takes a very long time until its adoption," Farrugia explained. "One of the dogs in our shelter has been here for a year and cared for by many volunteers. He has not been adopted for quite a long time, but we are trying to let him meet a good family and eventually live in a better environment."

Farrugia explained that RSPCA always tries to match not only the animal to the person, but also the other way around. Many visit the shelter to meet the animals after reading about them on the organization's website. The process of adoption is confirmed through an interview to check whether the adopter's lifestyle and the animal's needs match, and whether they can provide an appropriate environment for the animal.

When asked about the most important factor for ensuring animal rights, Farrugia stressed education, as changing the mindsets of people and growing awareness in terms of animal protection is significantly effective to prevent animal cruelty.

"We mostly do school-based education, as educating young people about the importance of animal protection and the correct way to care for animals can change the future generation's mind," Farrugia said.

In addition to education, services for people raising animals were also provided, including those like the vet clinic. The animal hospital in RSPCA Sydney Shelter provides access to high-level medical checkups including spaying or neutering for rescued animals and screening and rendering treatment for owners.

The provision of legal and institutional mechanisms for animal protection is also a major role of the RSPCA. The organization continues to promote the enactment of laws to protect animal rights and campaign activities to inform the public. In terms of legal violation, 38 inspectors of the RSPCA are tasked with looking into reported issues. They have the legal authority to enter properties where animal abuse occurs, restrain offenders, and hand them over to trial.

Although the inspectors make monumental efforts in preventing cruelty to animals, the number of inspectors still falls short of need. In line with this, Farrugia emphasized the importance of reporting sightings of animal abuse, which the organization encourages through campaigns and education.

"Thanks to the support from people in New South Wales and efforts of workers and volunteers in RSPCA, the shelter could do our best in prevention of animal cruelty," Farrugia said. "The changes and improvements in animal protection of Australia were made by people, and the RSPCA will work even harder for further improvements."
Animal Welfare League New South Wales strives to guarantee safe and loving environment for animals

AWARE conducts various policy research for animal welfare. Photo provided by AWARE

Animal Welfare League New South Wales (AWL NSW), a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the protection and welfare of animals, is striving to provide a safe and loving environment for abandoned, neglected, and surrendered animals, with the goal of finding them permanent and happy homes.

According to Alisha Smith, the Acting Shelter Manager at Kemps Creek Shelter in Sydney, AWL NSW provides a wide range of services including adoption, veterinary care, welfare inspectors, and community programs. Moreover, the organization is dedicated to improving the lives of animals and promoting responsible pet ownership across New South Wales.

Kemps Creek Shelter, is the organization's main shelter which has the ability to house more than 240 animals whilst they wait for their new forever homes. The shelter has a vet clinic and it offers high-level care to over 9,000 animals per annum and required veterinary services such as desexing and vaccinations. In addition, to supply vet care for animal owners in remote and rural areas with a lack of access to vet care as much as in urban areas, a mobile vet truck with AWL Vet Clinic staff is run and the truck embarks on over 21 trips per year.

One of the main services of AWL NSW is animal adoption, and multiple avenues for adoption are provided. People who wish to find companion animals may not only take a look at online advertisements of animals on the Animal Welfare League website but also visit shelters during opening hours to view and adopt animals.

Smith explained that AWL's software system allows workers from the shelter to see if people presenting for adoption have previously had cruelty complaints made against them, as well as previously owned and surrendered animals. Smith expressed regret over the current condition of not having a national database that stores information relating to pet owners and each organization using different databases, which is making tracking of people almost impossible. However, to prevent animal cruelty and match suitable animals to owners, an array of questions relating to the customer is asked, such as details surrounding their home life, people in the home, and expectations from the animals to gauge their circumstances as best as possible.

In addition to vet clinic service and adoption, Smith emphasized education and explained that one of AWL's main goals is to continuously educate the general public on responsible pet ownership and teach them how to provide a high level of welfare to animals, and AWL is developing its educational system more than ever.

"Our education includes advising people about general pet care including vet services such as the importance of vaccination and desexing, appropriate weights for animals, appropriate housing, and psychological health to fulfill the needs and drives of each animal," Smith said.

AWL NSW is also running online education programs via its online website both for foster carers and the general public. For foster carers, volunteering carers who provide temporary homes for animals while they are waiting for their new home, AWL NSW provides resources relating to animals' health, behavior, training, and general animal information. For the general public, educational resources which are called "Pet Advice" on the official website are provided and they also can access information for foster carers. Furthermore, AWL NSW is currently working on educational videos for the general public to know more about animal caring and welfare, and a new software program with educational tools available to all people who adopt animals from AWL NSW is in the development process.

"Highlighting the importance of animal welfare is a global issue and needs to be addressed on a global scale," Smith stressed. "The current situation after the pandemic of homeless pets continues to get worse and the public is still very unaware of how to appropriately treat animals. Therefore, it is crucial to provide information and education that is available for people from all walks of life to access, and to educate people wherever possible in a bid to keep animals in their homes."

AWARE for animal welfare awareness, research, and education

Alongside official action by government agencies to improve animals' rights, the recent rise of interest in companion animals and animal welfare has given rise to various movements and private organizations within South Korea to improve the status quo.

In particular, AWARE, an animal welfare research institute in South Korea, has been working to build awareness about all types of animals within the country.

Hyung Ju Lee, Chief Executive and founder of AWARE, shared her thoughts on South Korea's animal welfare and provided a vision for the future.

Using her experience of working as a policy director at animal rights organizations within Korea and executive director at the international organization Cruelty Free International, Lee founded AWARE in 2017 to change the current policies related to animal welfare.

Under this established goal, the institute aims to guarantee a certain degree of animal welfare systematically.

"Just like human welfare, animal welfare refers to the state animals are in," Lee said. "Welfare means not just to avoid the bad but also experience the positive. In order to do this, it is necessary to set a minimal system for animals to receive positive experiences. As a result, AWARE aims to gradually raise this standard."

Delving deeper into the practical actions of the institute, Lee explained that policy research is the most significant part of the job for those at AWARE. Lee and her fellow workers conduct research projects independently as well as jointly with the government. Some examples include production and utilization of welfare measuring instruments for farm animals such as pigs, animal welfare problems in various animal exhibition facilities, and the development of tools to assess the welfare status of animals in abandoned animal shelters.

When asked about the ideal level of animal welfare that should be achieved in South Korea, Lee answered that it would be ideal if humans did not use animals at all. However, since this is not feasible, she hopes that the same or at least similar standards applied to humans can be done for animals as well.

Lee explained that there is a problem of social awareness in that some do not consider animals to be conscious beings like humans. The major and minor problems that occur due to this type of difference in awareness among people lead to greater conflict, revealing the importance of further awareness-raising.

Beyond the social problem, there is also the legal dimension. Although there are various national laws dealing with animals, Lee believes that they lack coherence. As such, she stressed that while it may be difficult to change the actual legal status of animals, a common value in the law of treating animals based on animal welfare principles is needed.

Australia offers an example of such recognition. There, animals are legally defined as possessions just like in South Korea, yet the obligations of animal breeders and punishments imposed for failure to comply are specified to prevent animal abuse based on the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act and the Companion Animals Act.

In particular, Lee elaborated that many people think that animal welfare has been properly carried out when there is no animal abuse or cruelty. Be that as it may, it is necessary to think more deeply about what animal welfare actually means. Since there is nothing that an animal under the management of humans can choose, Lee stressed that it should be mandatory for those responsible to guarantee a certain level of quality for the animal's life.

"There is no country where animal welfare has been completely achieved, and the concept of animal welfare itself is still new," Lee explained. "However, as many people are interested in the topic and many discussions are taking place, I believe that we are working towards a better future."

Korean Animal Welfare Association calls for better future for all animals

The Korean Animal Welfare Association has also been working towards similar goals for the past 20 years. Established in 2001, the association is one of the oldest animal rights organizations in South Korea today, still actively working under the mission to reduce the number and species of animals used by humans.

Chae Iltaek, head of policy team at the Korean Animal Welfare Association with seven years of experience, introduced the association's works and shared his thoughts on South Korea's animal welfare and its path for improvement.

The main goal of the association is to reduce the pain of all types of animals, ranging from pets to those in exhibition artifacts and farms, under the heading mission. In order to achieve these goals, the association holds campaigns to increase citizens' awareness, undergoes field surveys, and presents policies for improvement. In addition, efforts are made to give pressure on the government so that the objectives can actually be carried out.

In terms of companion animals, the association intervenes in all processes including production, breeding, sales and adoption, and raising of the animals. Efforts to make improvements related to the lifestyles and veterinary care of the animals are carried out as well.

"To pick some of the most outstanding projects, I would say our work to establish infrastructure in providing the substantial institutional and environmental conditions for animals to live with people," Chae said. "One part we have been focusing on for a long time is to build an animal abuse response manual, and we are taking into account various international cases that South Korea can learn from."

South Korea currently does not have a precise manual for the police and other institutional members to act in the case of an animal cruelty incident. As such, many cases are not proceeded effectively, not to mention the fact that there is not even an exact manual for rescued animals. In order to ameliorate the situations, the Korean Animal Welfare Association has been studying cases of England, the United States, and Australia - where members of some animal welfare associations have been given the equivalent of the judicial police to effectively proceed the cases.

Although it may be difficult for South Korea to exactly copy the foreign cases due to the differences in culture and system, Chae emphasized that the association is working to benchmark the manuals of various sectors - not only for the cases of animal abuse, but also for veterinary forensics and more.

"Just as the definition of human rights has changed over time, it is difficult to define nor to expect a 'flawless' guarantee of animal rights," Chae said. "However, as animals in South Korea still show a lack of legal status, I believe it is most important to take into account foreign cases of improved animal status and steadily change the perception of people."

Chae discussed some positive changes related to animal welfare he has been witnessing in the country for the past few years. Looking at the results of the survey conducted by the government related to animal protection awareness, a significant increase was shown in people relating to the need for animal welfare. There were more people who were willing to spend their money to improve the current situation. Not only this, but there has also been more supporters for the actions of the Korean Animal Welfare Association itself, and to add, the government's reaction to laws and policies related to animal welfare has been faster, with an increased number of proposals to amend the Animal Protection Act.

"Of course, it is still true that our country has a long way to go in terms of animal welfare, especially in improving the situation for animals other than companion animals," Chae said. "However, the gap between Korea and other countries advancing in animal welfare has been becoming smaller, and I look forward to a society with highly improved awareness, and as a result, a better place for both humans and animals to live."

저작권자 © Ewha Voice 무단전재 및 재배포 금지

RSPCA shelter provides cages for dogs to move freely inside.Photo by Hyung Jungwon

Adam Farrugia, senior manager of training at RSPCA Sydney shelter, explains that the association's main goal is to prevent cruelty to animals. Photo by Hyung Jungwon

AWARE conducts various policy research for animal welfare. Photo provided by AWARE

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Examining the future of animal rights in Korea through Australia's animal welfare

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On Sept. 6, a man who abused 53 dogs he had raised for the past eight years was sentenced to a six-month prison term with two years' probation. On Aug. 23, the

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A zoo in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province is under fire for allegedly failing to care properly for its animals. The number of complaints filed by Gimhae residents about the zoo on Gimhae City Hall's website's "Ask the mayor" forum between 2013 and 2021 totaled three, and there were six complaints in 2022, but the number of complaints about the zoo jumped to 33 just this month.

Along with their complaints, residents posted photos of poorly cared for animals, according to them. The photos included a lion that appears malnourished, sheep with dirty and shaggy fleece and a white tiger held in a small space.

A Gimhae City Hall official told The Korea Herald that the white tigers' enclosure at the zoo is around 30 square meters in size. According to the Wild Tiger Health Project, a main tiger enclosure should be at least 5,000 square meters in size.

Some of the posts read: "Set the suffering animals free," "Gimhae is being indifferent to the neglected animals" and "Please be considerate of animal welfare."

There were even demands to shut down the zoo permanently.

The zoo in question opened its doors to the public in 2013 and houses 69 animals of 34 different species, including Bengal tigers and black panthers, both classified as endangered species. It is also the only privately-run zoo in South Gyeongsang Province -- making it a popular destination for families with kids based in the cities of Gimhae and Changwon.

A post written on Thursday read: "I visited the zoo with my child a few days ago, and I hated myself for going there with my kid because of how horrible the animals' conditions were. My child kept asking me about the animals but I couldn't bring myself to answer them."

The zoo's director acknowledged that the animals have been poorly taken care of but said that it was due to a drop in the number of visitors during the pandemic.

"Visitor numbers dropped by almost 60 percent during the pandemic," said the zoo director. "It was difficult to operate the zoo with the revenue at the time."

Last year, the representative was also fined for feeding camel carcasses to a tiger, according to an MBC report on May 13, 2022.

According to a Gimhae City Hall representative, the animals are reportedly in good health. The city hall stated that they send a veterinarian to check on the animals every month and that it has been confirmed that there are no abnormalities.

"Some of the animals are not as active because they are old," said the zoo director. "Although we had to cut the number of employees we had at the zoo due to low revenue, we never went to the extent of starving the animals. I am not a zookeeper who abuses animals."

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Gimhae zoo under fire for animal cruelty

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A zoo in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province is under fire for allegedly failing to care properly for its animals. The number of complaints filed by Gimhae residents about the zoo on Gimhae City Hall's website's "Ask the mayor" forum between 2013 and 2021 totaled three, and there were six complaints in 2022, but the number of complaints about the zoo jumped to 33 just this month.

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Still on the menu: Shark fin trade in U.S. persists despite ban

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The trade in shark fins is still underway in the United States, despite legislation making such activities illegal, an investigative report has found. Environmentalists say this indicates that officials need to do more to enforce the laws already in place to stamp out illegal activities and protect sharks, which are globally threatened with extinction. On […]

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Officers from Brazil's environmental protection agency seized boxes full of shark fins

A record 28.7 tonnes of illegally fished shark fins have been confiscated from two export companies in Brazil.

Brazil's environmental protection agency, Ibama, estimated that approximately 10,000 blue sharks and shortfin mako sharks were killed to make up a haul of that size.

The fins were destined for Asia, where shark fin soup is considered a delicacy.

The two companies have not been named.

Almost all of the shark fins - 27.6 tonnes out of the total of 28.7 - were seized from a single export company in Brazil's southern Santa Catarina state.

Ibama confiscated the remaining 1.1 tonnes at São Paulo's international airport.

The agency said it thought it could be the largest seizure by weight of illegally fished shark fins worldwide so far.

Fishing for sharks is illegal in Brazil. Ibama said that the companies were using permits for fishing different species and then illegally targeted sharks.

The agency also accused the companies of having caused the death of thousands of seabirds during their shark fishing expeditions.

The two companies have been fined.

Ibama warned that illegal fishing has caused the shark population to drop. The shortfin make shark was added to Brazil's list of species at risk of extinction just three weeks ago.

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Illegal shark fin trade: Record haul seized in Brazil

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Environmental officers seize the fins of an estimated 10,000 sharks from two companies in Brazil.

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Number of Seoul hotels serving shark fin doubles since 2021: environment group

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The number of Seoul hotels serving food made from shark fins has more than doubled compared to last year, an environmental activist claimed Thursday. Thirteen hotels in Seoul have been selling shark fin dishes, known for their extravagant price and unfounded nutritional claims, Kim Sol from the Korea Federation for Environmental Movements (KFEM) has discovered.

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There is a saying that goes, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated."

At a glance, South Korea -- with 15 million pet owners -- is a decent place for animals. With a growing trend toward considering pets part of the family, some guardians spare no expense and shop around carefully for the best foods, toys, vets and groomers.

Looking closely, however, there is a dark side. Many animals are abandoned when they are sick, old or no longer considered adorable. Some are abused just for fun, and still others suffer in farms and laboratories.

The number of animals admitted to shelters in Korea has increased each year -- from 102,000 in 2017 to 135,791 in 2019, government data showed. The number of animals used for experiments was 3.71 million last year. The number of police complaints filed in animal abuse cases stood at 914 in 2019, up from 69 in 2010, with few abusers sentenced to prison.

According to London-based World Animal Protection, a nonprofit animal welfare organization that evaluates different countries on the basis of laws, government bodies and support for international animal welfare standards, Korea got a score of D on the group's Animal Protection Index in 2020. A is the highest score, and G is the lowest.

Animal experts say animals' lives are still undervalued in Korea, partly because of their low status under the law.

"According to Article 98 of the Civil Code, animals are regarded as objects and the subjects of animal rights are humans. So humans can own, use, trade (animals) or do whatever they want with them -- and it goes to the extent of abusing them," said Hong Wan-sik, a professor at Konkuk University Law School, author of "Legal Common Sense of Pets" and chair of the Korea Animal Law Research Society.

Although the Animal Protection Act was created to protect animals, they still have no rights under the law and are treated as things that need to be protected and managed, he said.

"This is compared to countries like Germany, Austria and Switzerland, which recognized the special legal status of animals. In those countries, animals are not seen as objects and neither as humans. They are given special status," Hong said.

In 1990, Germany stipulated in its Civil Code that "Animals are not objects and they are protected by separate laws." In 1992, Switzerland amended its constitution to recognize that animals are not things, but beings with inherent worth.

"It is necessary to raise the legal status of animals to give people the perception that animals are living creatures," Hong said.

In 2017, former Rep. Lee Jung-mi of the Justice Party proposed adding a clause to Article 98 of the Civil Code that would have stated "animals are not objects." But it did not draw much attention in the National Assembly.

Animal protection issues have been put on the back burner in the National Assembly because the pressing agenda for the related standing committee has been livestock, or animals for commercial use, said Rep. Park Hong-geun of the ruling Democratic Party of Korea and co-chair of the Animal Welfare National Assembly Forum.

There were 89 amendments to the Animal Protection Act proposed in the 20th National Assembly, which ended in May 2020. But 37 of those proposals expired without ever being discussed due to the indifference of the standing committee.

Although animal protection faces various challenges, the situation is not hopeless. There are lawmakers, civic groups, academics and members of the general public who are constantly raising the issue and pushing for changes.

Since the 21st National Assembly began in June 2020, 42 animal-related bills have been proposed. They address animal protection, zoos and aquariums, wildlife, animals used for experiments and alternatives to animal testing.

Rep. Park said he and his colleagues are also preparing a sweeping revision to the Animal Protection Act together with the government.

"We are working to reflect a large number of pending proposals to the revision," he said.

Alongside lawmakers, a number of civic groups backed by ordinary citizens are also working on animal welfare and protection.

"I believe the perception of animals has changed a lot compared to 10 years ago," said Jung Jin-ah, a social change team leader with a local civic group called the Korean Animal Welfare Association.

She pointed to the examples of "improved awareness of stray cats, many ongoing animal rescue projects and revised animal protection laws."

Supporters of her civic group have increased in number, to 20,000 from around 1,000 in 2010, reflecting the changed public perception of animal welfare and protection.

"Still, it is not yet enough to guarantee the welfare or safety of animals. We will work harder on that."

By Shin Ji-hye ( shinjh@heraldcorp.com)

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[Animals in Korea (1)] Animals still things, not beings, in Korea

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There is a saying that goes, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated." At a glance, South Korea -- with 15 million pet owners -- is a decent place for animals.

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Watch: Inside Seoul's dog meat district... before the delicacy is banned
The slaughter and sale of dogs for their meat is to become illegal in South Korea after MPs backed a new law.
The legislation, set to come into force by 2027, aims to end the centuries-old practice of humans eating dog meat.

Dog meat stew, called "boshintang", is considered a delicacy among some older South Koreans, but the meat has fallen out of favour with diners and is no longer popular with young people.

Under the new law the consumption of dog meat itself will not be illegal.

According to a Gallup poll last year, only 8% of people said they had tried dog meat in the past 12 months, down from 27% in 2015. Fewer than a fifth of those polled said they supported the consumption of the meat.

Lee Chae-yeon, a 22-year-old student, said the ban was necessary to promote animal rights. "More people have pets today," she told the BBC in Seoul. "Dogs are like family now and it's not nice to eat our family."

The new law focuses on the dog meat trade - those convicted of butchering dogs face up to three years in prison, while people found guilty of raising dogs for meat or selling dog meat could serve a maximum of two years.

Farmers and restaurant owners have three years to find alternative sources of employment and income before the legislation comes into force.

According to government statistics, South Korea had around 1,600 dog meat restaurants and 1,150 dog farms in 2023, all of which will now have to submit a plan to phase out their businesses to their local authorities.

The government has promised to fully support dog meat farmers, butchers and restaurant owners, whose businesses will be forced to close, though the details of what compensation will be offered have yet to be worked through.

Current President Yoon Suk Yeol and his wife own six dogs and have called for a ban on dog meat

On Tuesday lunchtime in Seoul, down an alleyway with several dog meat restaurants, a handful of older people were tucking into the stew and the generational divide was stark.

Kim Seon-ho, 86, was disappointed by the ban. "We've eaten this since the Middle Ages. Why stop us from eating our traditional food?" he said. "If you ban dog meat then you should ban beef."

Previous governments, dating back to the 1980s, have pledged to ban dog meat, but failed to make progress. Current President Yoon Suk Yeol and First Lady Kim Keon Hee are known animal lovers - they have six dogs, and Ms Kim has called for the practice of eating dogs to end.

Animal rights groups, which have long been pushing for the ban, praised the outcome of Tuesday's vote.

Jung Ah Chae, the executive director of the Humane Society in Korea, said she was surprised to see the ban in her lifetime. "While my heart breaks for all the millions of dogs for whom this change has come too late, I am overjoyed that South Korea can now close this miserable chapter in our history and embrace a dog friendly future," she said.

Dog meat farmers had campaigned against the ban. They argued that, given the declining popularity among young people, the practice should be allowed to die out naturally over time. Many farmers and restaurateurs are elderly and said it would be difficult for them to switch livelihoods so late in life.

One dog farmer, Joo Yeong-bong, told the BBC the industry was in despair.

"In 10 years, the industry would have disappeared. We're in our 60s and 70s and now we have no choice but to lose our livelihoods," he said, adding that this was "an infringement of people's freedom to eat what they like".

One dog meat restaurant owner in her 60s, Mrs Kim, told the BBC she was frustrated by the ban, and blamed it on the rise in the number of people in South Korea having pets.

"Young people these days don't get married, so they think of pets as family, but food is food. We should accept dog meat but raise and slaughter them in a hygienic environment," she said.

"Other countries like China and Vietnam eat dogs, so why are we banning it?"

South Koreans debate dog meat

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South Korea passes law banning dog meat trade

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Dog meat has fallen out of favour, particularly with young diners, in recent decades.

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Shenzhen has become the first Chinese city to ban the sale and consumption of dog and cat meat.

It comes after the coronavirus outbreak was linked to wildlife meat, prompting Chinese authorities to ban the trade and consumption of wild animals.

Shenzhen went a step further, extending the ban to dogs and cats. The new law will come into force on 1 May.

Thirty million dogs a year are killed across Asia for meat, says Humane Society International (HSI).

However, the practice of eating dog meat in China is not that common - the majority of Chinese people have never done so and say they don't want to.

"Dogs and cats as pets have established a much closer relationship with humans than all other animals, and banning the consumption of dogs and cats and other pets is a common practice in developed countries and in Hong Kong and Taiwan," the Shenzhen city government said, according to a Reuters report.

"This ban also responds to the demand and spirit of human civilization."

The race to find the source of coronavirus in wildlife

Animal advocacy organisation HSI praised the move.

"This really could be a watershed moment in efforts to end this brutal trade that kills an estimated 10 million dogs and 4 million cats in China every year," said Dr Peter Li, China policy specialist for HSI.

However, at the same time as this ruling, China approved the use of bear bile to treat coronavirus patients.

Bear bile - a digestive fluid drained from living captive bears - has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine.

The active ingredient, ursodeoxycholic acid, is used to dissolve gallstones and treat liver disease. But there is no proof that it is effective against the coronavirus and the process is painful and distressing for the animals

Brian Daly, a spokesman for the Animals Asia Foundation, told AFP: "We shouldn't be relying on wildlife products like bear bile as the solution to combat a deadly virus that appears to have originated from wildlife."

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A wildlife market

In February, Chinese authorities banned the trade and consumption of wild animals.

The move came after it emerged that a market in Wuhan selling wild animals and wildlife meat could have been the starting point for the outbreak of the new coronavirus, providing the means for the virus to travel from animals to humans.

News of this led the Chinese government to crack down strongly on the trade and on the markets that sold such products.

There are now close to one million confirmed cases of the virus worldwide, and more than 47,000 deaths, according to a Johns Hopkins University tally.

In China alone, there are 81,589 confirmed cases and 3,318 deaths, said the National Health Commission.

Scientists and researchers are still no closer to finding out what the source of the virus is and how it could have spread to humans.

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Chinese city bans the eating of cats and dogs

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Shenzhen has become the first Chinese city to ban the sale and consumption of dog and cat meat. It comes after the coronavirus outbreak was linked to wildlife meat, prompting Chinese authorities to ban the trade and consumption of wild animals. Shenzhen went a step further, extending the ban to dogs and cats.

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Canada, Spain and South Korea all implemented changes

I read a lot of animal news stories to find which ones to cover for CBC Kids News.

This year, I noticed many of those stories focused on animal rights.

The Canadian Oxford Dictionary defines animal rights as "the right of animals to be free from abuse or exploitation by humans."

How animal rights are protected varies in different countries.

People don't always agree on whether animals' rights should be prioritized above peoples' cultural traditions.

In 2023, three new laws from around the world were introduced that will shape how animal rights are upheld in those countries in the future.

Here's a year-end wrap of some of the big stories that made the news.

1. Canada restricts elephant ivory and rhino horn trade

On Nov. 20, 2023, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault announced new measures to protect rhinos and elephants.

These animals, native to several African countries, are often hunted for their horns and tusks.

According to the government of Canada, the number of elephants in Africa has dropped about 70 per cent since 1980.

Rhinoceros populations also face threats to their survival.

Canada's new restrictions make it difficult for people to buy, sell or own objects containing rhino horns or elephant ivory.

The goal is to discourage people from hunting these animals.

The new restrictions also require that people have permits for household items that include elephant ivory or rhino horn.

The response from conservationists has been very positive.

"Our country is doing our part to ensure these majestic animals have a future," said Kelly Butler, wildlife campaign manager for the Canadian branch of Humane Society International, in a news release.

2. South Korea moves to ban dog meat by 2027

In November, South Korea announced its plan to ban eating dog meat by 2027.

The bill was introduced by the ruling party and would make it illegal to breed and sell dogs for meat.

Eating dogs has been a South Korean custom for centuries, but polls show that today the majority of people in that country oppose eating dogs.

The bill offers three years for dog breeders and restaurant owners to transition out of the business before it would take effect.

It also promises financial support while they find new work.

Dog meat farmers heavily oppose the bill, saying they weren't involved in making the decision and that the government support isn't enough compensation.

"It's really unreasonable ... I've been in this business for 30 years," Nam Sung-Gue, the owner of a dog meat restaurant, told Reuters in Korean.

3. Spain's new animal welfare law excludes bullfighting

Cultural traditions and animal rights collided again in Spain, with protests for and against bullfighting throughout 2023.

Bullfighting, also called "la corrida," is a Spanish cultural tradition consisting of a ceremonial fight between a person and a bull.

It typically ends with the bullfighter killing the bull. It's often a slow and painful death, according to Humane Society International.

Animal rights activists say that it's cruel to kill an animal for sport, while supporters of bullfighting argue that cultural traditions should be preserved.

In Spain, a law came into effect on Sept. 29 that makes it illegal to use animals for entertainment if that entertainment causes them harm.

The bulls used for bullfighting were excluded from this protection.

Click play to see the animals at the centre of animal rights protests in 2023!

Check out these other animal news videos:
Have more questions? ﻿Want to tell us how we're doing? Use the "send us feedback" link below. ⬇️⬇️⬇️ With files from Reuters, The Associated Press
TOP IMAGE CREDIT: Jorge Guerrero/AFP/Getty Images, Kim Hong-Ji/Reuters,Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images, with graphic design by Philip Street/CBC)

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WATCH - Animal rights: 3 stories that made headlines in 2023

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From Canada to South Korea and Spain, here's a year of animal rights changes in review. #AnimalNews

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YAPA | Yongin Animal Protection Association

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YAPA is made up of people like you, all with a common goal of helping neglected and abandoned dogs.

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These are a good place to start and to contact to look for information specific to Korea, and the treatment of animals here

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NOTICE: No new content has been added since Animal Rescue Korea closed in 2014. Phone numbers, email addresses, shelter policies, and other details may be out of date. Information is kept for historical purposes only.

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A list of animal shelters in South Korea with information about how to donate, visit, and help out.

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Google Forms - create and analyze surveys, for free.

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Prove we tackled animal cruelty.✓

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Bangladesh's critically endangered wild elephants have received a court order banning their adoption and protecting them from exploitation.

Animal rights groups welcomed the High Court suspension of all licences, so young Asian elephants can no longer be captured and taken into captivity.

Some of the animals have been used for begging, circuses or street shows.

There are now only about 200 of the elephants in Bangladesh, with about half of those living in captivity.

The country used to be one of the major homes for the Asian elephant but poaching and habitat loss has caused a marked decrease in their numbers.

Under the previous scheme, young elephants could be taken into captivity where the forestry department issued licenses to logging groups who would use the animals to haul logs. Others ended up in circus groups. Such exploitation broke the terms of the licences, the court said.

Rakibul Haque Emil, head of animal rights group People for Animal Welfare (PAW) Foundation in Bangladesh, said it was a "landmark order".

"In this name of training elephants, private licensees including circus parties brutally separate elephant calves from their mother, shackle them for months and then torture them to teach tricks," he said.

He said it was now hoped that captive elephants could be rehabilitated.

Actor Jaya Ahsan launched the legal case alongside PAW, and said he hoped it would be the end of harsh "training" that could be inflicted on the animals.

A spotlight was shone on the issue last year when a young elephant was killed by a train after being used for begging on the streets. They are often painted in bright colours and forced to perform tricks by their captors.

And in 2019 two emaciated elephants were rescued by police after being used for roadside begging.

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Bangladesh's critically endangered Asian elephants get court protection

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Animal rights groups declared the move a "landmark order" that would protect against exploitation.

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This article was most recently revised and updated by

cruelty to animals, willful or wanton infliction of pain, suffering, or death upon an animal or the intentional or malicious neglect of an animal. Perhaps the world's first anticruelty law, which addressed the treatment of domesticated animals, was included in the legal code of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1641); similar legislation was passed in Britain in 1822. The world's first animal welfare society, the Society for the Protection of Animals, was established in England in 1824; the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was chartered in 1866. In varying degrees, cruelty to animals is illegal in most countries, and interest in endangered species gave further impetus to the anticruelty movement in the late 20th century. Reflecting such interest, many laws have been passed, though they are seldom enforced unless public pressure is brought to bear. Acts targeted by the movement have ranged from the mistreatment of domesticated animals to bullfighting and vivisection. Factory farming, which involves various evidently cruel practices, has remained largely exempt from legal scrutiny. See also animal rights.

Robert Curley.

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Cruelty to animals | Animal Welfare, Animal Rights & Animal Protection

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Cruelty to animals, willful or wanton infliction of pain, suffering, or death upon an animal or the intentional or malicious neglect of an animal. Perhaps the world's first anticruelty law, which addressed the treatment of domesticated animals, was included in the legal code of the Massachusetts

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Around the world, animal mistreatment is a sad reality. Abusers have an effect on all sorts of animals. Some people mistakenly believe that neglect or abuse only occurs when they witness an animal that is hurt, yet broken limbs or open wounds are not the only signs of mistreatment. Animals should have a humane environment to live in. Numerous behaviors can constitute abuse or neglect.

Numerous cats, dogs, and other animals endure terrible suffering and pass away every day at the hands of those who are meant to look after and defend them. Numerous animals endure everyday incidents of physical maltreatment, psychological trauma, and life-threatening neglect.

There are many reasons why people mistreat animals. Animal fighting is an example of when it is done for amusement. A common justification used by hoarders is that they are saving and trying to save the animals. Due to a lack of knowledge about proper animal care or a lack of money to meet the animals' requirements, some animals are abused or neglected. Many animals are mistreated in the process of producing food. Every instance of animal cruelty and neglect is unique, and it should be handled as such.

It is your moral duty to inform local law enforcement or the person in charge of animal cruelty investigations in your community if you see any abuse, neglect, or cruelty committed against an animal. Contact your neighborhood shelter or animal control organization if you believe there is animal cruelty or neglect going on in your neighborhood. The staff members at these institutions should then be able to direct you to the proper agency or to any other resources that might be of assistance in the case. Additionally, they may offer more advice on how to move forward. Give a needy animal shelter. An animal may need a helping hand, and you can provide it. Mistreated animals require assistance, sometimes right now. By removing an animal from a dangerous circumstance, you can make a significant difference. Your kids should learn to respect animals. Set a positive example by being kind to animals. Children should learn how to treat and appreciate animals. Encourage them to grow into the upcoming generation of animal rights protesters.

Animal cruelty occurs in a variety of contexts and affects a wide range of people. Animal abuse and neglect are the two main types of animal cruelty.

Neglect is a broad phrase that mainly refers to failing to give an animal the care they need, which causes harm to the animal. This can involve neglecting to provide water, having too many animals to properly care for each one, forgoing critical medical attention, or putting an animal outside in subfreezing weather.

Animal abuse is often associated with physical mistreatment of animals. An animal would be physically harmed in this kind of mistreatment. Animal abuse can have both psychological and physical impacts. Abuse and neglect can make an animal aggressive, fearful, painful, and more. In spite of the fact that birds, hamsters, gerbils, rabbits, and reptiles are occasionally mistreated, dogs and cats are the most frequently abused animals. Animal pets, not wild animals, make up the majority of those hurt by humans.

Abandoning an animal is prohibited, including dumping it in a public area or leaving it unattended elsewhere. But enforcing regulations against abandoning animals is incredibly challenging.

Intentional acts that cause an animal pain, suffering, or even death are referred to as physical abuse. Beating, burning, choking or suffocating, dragging, drowning, hanging, kicking or stomping, mutilating, poisoning, shooting, stabbing, and hurling are just a few examples of abusive activities. Sexual intercourse with animals is also considered abuse, particularly when it results in harm or great pain, like anal or vaginal penetration, genital ligation, or lacerations.

In a case of severe pet neglect known as hoarding, the owner acquires an excessive number of animals while being unable to provide them with even the most basic levels of food, shelter, hygiene, or medical attention. The animals are also kept in conditions that are far too crowded. When animals are neglected, they become ill, starve to death, and sometimes even die.

Animal cruelty can come in a variety of forms, from temporarily failing to meet an animal's needs to purposely killing or mistreating them repeatedly. Each state's definition of animal cruelty differs in terms of the specific actions that are prohibited as well as the kinds of animals that are protected. The world of Earth is a very lovely place. In this environment, all living things are interdependent and coexist. It is believed that humans are the most intelligent creature on Earth. Animal rights are ethical precepts based on the idea that non-human animals deserve the freedom to live their lives as they like, free from being influenced by human desires.

Social awareness is also important.Speak up if you observe an animal being harmed. The proper care of animals ought to be covered in the classroom. Parents should treat their pets well in addition to teaching their children good behavior. For instance, despite the fact that both involve killing and frequently painful treatment of the animals, hunting is exempt from animal cruelty regulations while livestock is not protected. Despite the fact that the majority of animal cruelty laws are mainly intended to protect "companion animals" or pets, some jurisdictions have laws that protect wild animals from pointless injury such as "thrill killing".

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Around the world, animal mistreatment is a sad reality. Abusers have an effect on all sorts of animals. Some people mistakenly believe that neglect or abuse only occurs when they witness an animal...

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Work in progress.

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Two more beluga whales have died at Marineland, bringing the total number of whale deaths to 17 since 2019. Animal rights activists say the Ontario theme park should be closed for good.

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Finish the draft speech.✓

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This is my Animal Cruelty Action Plan