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the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence.

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The exposition is the introduction to a story, including the primary characters' names, setting, mood, and time.

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The place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

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The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals.

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conflict is a literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces,

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Internal conflict is when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control.

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This conflict will most often play out between a protagonist and his/her antagonist, although it can also appear between friends or acquaintances, as well.

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Man vs. society is a type of conflict that is commonly used in fiction. In which, an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community.

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conflict is an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.

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a type of literary conflict in which a character faces technology (such as a robot, a machine, or a mechanical failure) and must prevail against it.

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A theme is the inferred stance taken on the central topic or message of a story.

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Diction, choice of words, especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.

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syntax refers to the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence.

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Denotation is the direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary, connotation is the emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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(ENGLISH) What are Denotation and Connotation? | #iQuestionPH

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Tone is a literary device that reflects the writer's attitude toward the subject matter or audience of a literary work.

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Mood is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.

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Flashbacks interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past events in a character's life.

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Flashbacks in Fiction - Some Literary Devices So You Can Use Them

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Foreshadowing is a narrative device in which suggestions or warnings about events to come are dropped or planted.

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Foreshadowing | Definition & Examples of Foreshadowing

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parallelism, in rhetoric, component of literary style in both prose and poetry, in which coordinate ideas are arranged in phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal importance and similar wording.

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in literature, the vantage point from which a story is presented.

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A story's point of view | Reading | Khan Academy

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In first-person narration, the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view.

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a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you.

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the narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters.

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a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are presented only externally

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The narrator has greater insight into the narrative events; context; and the characters' motives, unspoken thoughts, and experiences, than any individual character does.

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a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, using like or as.

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Metaphor- a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. (doesn't use "like" or "as").
Extended Metaphor-  a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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Is a figure of speech in which an idea or thing is given human attributes and/or feelings or is spoken of as if it were human.

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Is an exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

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Is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

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An oxymoron is a figure of speech, usually one or two words, in which seemingly contradictory terms appear side by side.

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What is an oxymoron? Figures of speech explained by @Essop's E-lessons

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a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

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Euphemism - How To Use Euphemism - Examples of Euphemism -  Euphemism Figure of Speech

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an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

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0:00 / 1:00•Watch full video

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Allusion: Explanation, Effects, Example | AP Lang Rhetorical Strategies

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repetition of vowels without repetition of consonants

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What is Assonance? || Literary Device Lectures

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The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

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Alliteration | Award Winning Alliteration Teaching Video | What is Alliteration?

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Clichés are terms, phrases, or even ideas that, upon their inception, may have been striking and thought-provoking but became unoriginal through repetition

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A cliché (pronounced 'klee-SHAY') is a saying, image, or idea which has been used so much that it sounds terribly uncreative. The word "cliché" was originally French for the sound of a printing plate, which prints the same thing over and over. Using clichés is considered bad writing and speaking because they make it sound like you didn't put any thought into your words. Good writers and speakers try to use thoughtful and original language rather than clichés in their work. Synonyms for cliché include platitudes and banalities.

II. Examples of Cliché

Because clichés are, by definition, common and overused, they can be found frequently but you may not notice them because we take them for granted. Here are a few examples:

This image of a cloud starts with a common cliché:
Every cloud has a silver lining
Which means that even in a bad situation, you can usually find something good.

The rest of the cloud is made of other popular clichés:

"Diamond in the rough": something or somebody with a lot of potential.

"Going bananas!": going crazy.

"Easy as pie": very easy.

"Cold as ice": very cold or not friendly.

"Take a chill pill": to relax.

"Don't judge a book by its cover": don't judge something based on its appearance.

"Driving me crazy!": annoying somebody to the point of almost insanity.

"Kid in a candy store": feeling happy about the things that surround you.

"Light as a feather": very very light.

"Happily ever after": the ending of all fairy tale romances, this is a typical ending where everybody is happy for the rest of their lives.

"When pigs fly!": something that is very unlikely to happen.

To describe falling in love:
She fell head over heels.
Another common characteristic of clichés is that they tend to simplify and dramatize. Rather than admitting that a story may not always have happiness or explaining that serious love takes time to develop, these clichés make the writing seem shallow and therefore un-interesting.

Clichés are sometimes ideas, images, or characters, rather than phrases. Here are a few examples of cliché characters:

"The Damsel in Distress": a young attractive woman who is incompetent and in need of someone else to rescue her.

"The Superhero": the man who saves the Damsel in Distress, often incredibly strong and good looking!

"Brooding Bad Boy": the boy from 'the other side of the tracks,' who needs someone caring to lead him to a better life.

"The Good Girl": the girl who saves the Brooding Bad Boy with her kindness and good heart.

III. The Importance of Cliché

Clichés are important because they express ideas and thoughts that are widespread and common within a culture, hence the phrase "cliché but true." Yet in our culture, we tend to dislike clichés because we place a high value on creativity, originality, and cleverness, rather than on repetition and using other people's words. Not all cultures feel this way though; in China, it is considered good to use clichés because Chinese culture places a higher value on tradition and looks down on individuality. But even in our culture, clichés are still very common in popular books, poems, movies, television shows, speeches, and advertisements.

IV. Examples of Clichés in Literature

It is important to remember that every cliché was once original and became overused only because it was such a popular idea at first. So, many clichés come from classic works.

Many clichés have their origins in classics like Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet:
A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
This cliché is from Juliet's speech in which she claims that it does not matter that Romeo comes from her family's enemy house, the Montague. Like many Shakespeare quotes, this phrase was so creative when Shakespeare wrote it, that now other people have overused it-to mean that the names of things are not important compared to their qualities.
Forever and a day
This cliché is also derived from Shakespeare, as it first appeared in The Taming of the Shrew. Countless clichés were coined by Shakespeare, including:

All that glitters is not gold - (The Merchant of Venice)"

Jealousy is the green-eyed monster - (Othello)"

Melted into thin air - (The Tempest)

And many more. It is a compliment for a writer's work to become a cliché, but it is an insult to be accused of writing something cliché.

V. Examples of Cliché in Pop Culture

Although clichés should usually be avoided, they can be used for comedic effect or in works where originality and deep thought are not expected such as television shows, advertisements, and movies like romantic comedies and superhero blockbusters.

Conversely, the Old Spice commercials become funny by using the cliché of the perfect man, one often used in men's commercials:

Hello, ladies.
Look at your man.
Now back to me. Now back at your man. Now back to me.
Sadly, he isn't me.
But if he stopped using lady scented body wash...
...and switched to Old Spice, he could smell like he's me.
Look down. Back up. Where are you?
You're on a boat with the man your man could smell like.
What's in your hand? Back at me.
I have it.
It's an oyster with two tickets to that thing you love.
Look again. The tickets are now diamonds.
Anything is possible when your man smells like Old Spice and not a lady.
I'm on a horse.

And clichés are still alive and well in popular movies ("alive and well" is a cliché!). Consider the movie The Last Song:

" It is a story of second chances, first loves, and the moments in life that lead us back home. "

This movie is complete with the brooding teenage daughter, the father figure looking for a second chance, and the rambunctious younger brother, who is there just to provide comic relief. These are all clichés.
This movie may be cliché, but many people still enjoy it. For this reason, cliché is a matter of taste; critics may not like clichés, but they can still be part of enjoyable entertainment.

VI. Related Terms

Cliché vs. Archetype

An archetype is an image or character which is used over and over in literature and art and may not seem cliché because it represents a universal truth about life or a universal aspect of human psychology. The line between an archetype and a cliché is thin: both archetypes and clichés are frequently found in compositions. Whereas clichés are considered overused and unwanted, archetypes are accepted and only cliché if they are represented in cliché images and words.

One such archetype is the hero-- Superman, Harry Potter, Luke Skywalker, Jesus. This archetype is so common throughout history and all over the world that you would think it would be cliché, but it has such psychological appeal and depth, and makes for such good stories, that we don't care how cliché it is. Archetypes, unlike clichés, provide a frame for a character or story which is then shaped and presented in an original way by the storyteller.

VII. In Closing

Clichés are, by definition, prevalent phrases or ideas in literature, advertisements, and numerous other forms. They are common in romance novels, parodies, and television. Although critics advise against clichés, they remain popular.

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Clichés: Definition and Examples | LiteraryTerms.net

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Clear Clichés examples and definition. This article will also show you the importance of Clichés and how to use it. A cliché is a saying or idea which has been so overused that it has lost the power of its original meaning.

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The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

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Is a statement in which the speaker's words are incongruous with the speaker's intent.

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Is the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected.

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Is a situation in which the audience or reader has a better understanding of events than the characters in a story do.

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Characterization is a literary device that is used step-by-step in literature to highlight and explain the details of a character in a story.

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The writer makes direct statements about a character's personality and tells the reader or viewer what the character is like.

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a type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly.

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a type of character who remains largely the same throughout the course of the storyline.

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A dynamic character is one who learns a lesson or changes as a person, (for better or worse)

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Flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work.

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A round character in a novel, play, or story is a complex personality. Like real people, they have depth in feelings and passions.

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the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.

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What Is Rhetoric?: Study Hall Writing Composition #10: ASU + Crash Course

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the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its beliefs and aspirations.

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Pathos is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story.

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means to appeal to the audiences' sense of reason or logic.