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The west faced worse problems than the east because it was closer to the invaders. Germanic tribes continued to invade & finally the Western Empire collapsed. The Eastern Roman empire continued as the Byzantine Empire and preserved Greek and Roman heritage.

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Justinian was the emperor of Byzantine from 527-565. Justinian codified Roman law codes. He "fixed" the corrupted government.

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Muslim armies defeated at the Battle of Tours (732)

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Muslim armies defeated at the Battle of Tours (732)

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The battle of tours was fought between Frankish kingdoms and Muslim armies. Frankish kingdoms one over Muslim invaders, and stopped Islamic expansion. It was fought between Tours and Poitier.

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Charlemagne Anointed Holy Roman Emperor (800)

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Charlemagne Anointed Holy Roman Emperor (800)

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Pope Leo III anointed Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor. Charlemagne united Europe. Was Western Rome's first emperor.

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The Great Schism - Divide of Christianity (1054)

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The Great Schism - Divide of Christianity (1054)

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Christianity split into two part. There were Roman Catholic and East Orthodox. They had mainly the same values with a few differences.

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Crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims The wars lasted for over 200 years. The Byzantine Emperor asks the pope for help to protect his territory. Pope Urban gave a speech that called the European Christians to war. Crusades ended in 1291 with the Muslims in control of the Holy Land & Jerusalem.  For Christians, the Crusades were a failure.

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Reign of Mansa Musa (Musa I) (1312-1337)

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Reign of Mansa Musa (Musa I) (1312-1337)

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Mansa Musa was the ruler of Mali. During his ruling, Mali was one of this richest kingdoms in Africa. He was one of the richest people in the world.

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Rise of all three Western African Kingdoms (Ghana, Mali and Songhai) 

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Rise of all three Western African Kingdoms (Ghana, Mali and Songhai) 

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African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan west and east Africa. States and empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in west Africa, Axum in east Africa, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. Niger River important to all 3 West African kingdoms.

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The Bubonic Plague peaked in Europe between 1348 and 1350. A person develops a swollen gland, fever, chills, headache, and extreme exhaustion. The Bubonic plague is caused by a bacteria most often carried by rodent fleas.

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At the hands of the Ottoman empire, Byzantine was conquered. Besieged the city for 55 days before it was fully conquered.

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Three expansions of the Islamic Empires 

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Three expansions of the Islamic Empires 

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Expansion under Muhammad was from 622-632. The expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate lasted from 632–661. Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate lasted from 661–750