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1- There are two tenses in total: Present and Past.

2- The three factors are Reality, time, and register.

3- Present tense being used for reality: I am busy.

4- Past tense is used for reality to describe hypothetical actions or states. (Ex: I wish I wasn't so busy)

5- Past tense is used for a polite register. (Ex: Could you help me?)

6- Three tenses are taught in English textbooks: Past, present, and future. Each tense has 4 forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7- There are four aspects: Simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive.

8- Time frame refers to a specific period, to an object or activity.

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1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

3. What is the example for the first factor.

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

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Activity 5: Finite vs. non-finite verbs

Read the following passage to understand how to differentiate finite from non-finite verbs.

Verbs may carry tense or they may not carry tense. Verbs that carry a tense are finite. Verbs that cannot carry a tense are non-finite. There are some simple checks that you can use to confirm whether verb is finite or not. The verb should conjugate to form present, past and future forms. In present forms, the verb should show agreement with the subject. In English singular and plural subjects necessite changes in the form of the verb, which is most commonly realized by adding the suffix -s when the grammatical subject is third-person singular, e.g. he, she or it.

Conversely, non-finite verbs do not change form when the tense shifts and in present tenses do not agree with the grammatical subject.

Let's practise identifying the finiteness of verbs. Identify which verbs in the following sentences are finite.

1. The man ate spaghetti.

2. The boy wanted to eat spaghetti.

3. The girl liked eating spaghetti.

4. The grandfather was eating spaghetti and drinking coffee.

In the first sentence, the verb is "ate". We can check the tense by changing the sentence to present and future forms, (The man eats spaghetti, The man will eat spaghetti). The tense can change. In the present form, we can also notice that "eat" changes to "eats". Thus, this verb is finite.

In the second sentence, the verbs are "wanted" and "eat". We can check the tense by changing the sentence to present and future forms, (The man wants to eat spaghetti, The man will want to eat). The tense of "wanted" can change, but "eat" does not. The sentence (The boy wanted to ate spaghetti) is not possible and so "eat" is non-finite. In the present form, we can also notice that "wanted" changes to "wants". Thus, "wanted" is finite, but "eat" is non-finite.

In the third sentence, the verb "liked" can change form and in present simple tense becomes "likes" and so "liked" is finite. However, "eating" does not change and is, therefore, non-finite.

In the fourth sentence, there are two verbs "was eating" and "drinking". The auxiliary verb in the second verb group is elided (omitted), but the long form of the sentence is: (The grandfather was eating spaghetti and [was] drinking coffee.) When the tense is changed to present both forms change from "was" to "is", and so both are finite.

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Activity 5: Finite vs. non-finite verbs Read the following passage to understand how to differentiate finite from non-finite verbs. Verbs may carry tense or they may not carry tense. Verbs that carry a tense are finite. Verbs that cannot carry a tense are non-finite.

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1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

-There are only two tenses: present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

-Tense can be applied to three factors: time, reality, and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

-Example for the first factor (time):

Present tense: "I study every day."

Past tense: "I studied last night."

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.
-Second factor (reality):

Past tense describes hypothetical actions or states: "I wish I wasn't so busy."

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

-Third factor (register):

Past tense for a more polite register: "Could you help me?"

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks:

-English textbooks commonly teach twelve tenses: past, present, and future, each with four forms. However, this classification is pedagogic rather than linguistic, aiming to simplify teaching for better understanding.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

-Functional Grammar in English recognizes two primary aspects: the perfective aspect and the imperfective aspect.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

-In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the temporal setting or context within which an action or event occurs. It is an essential concept to understand the relationship between linguistic elements and time, contributing to a comprehensive analysis of verb usage and tense in language.

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1. There are generally considered to be 12 tenses in English, but according to Linguists, led by Lewis (1986), refer to only two tenses: present and past.

2. Tense can be applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives.

3. The first factor for tense is the verb itself. For example, in the sentence "I am running," the verb "am running" indicates the present continuous tense.

4. The second factor for tense is not specifically associated with the past tense. Tense can be applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, but the specific tense used is dependent on the context and the language being used. For example, in English, the past tense is used for actions that have already occurred, but in other languages, the tense system may be different.

5. Third-factor register.

6. In English textbooks, commonly twelve tenses are taught. These include:

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

7. In functional grammar, there are typically three main aspects in English: the simple aspect, the progressive aspect, and the perfect aspect. These aspects are used to indicate different types of actions or states concerning time.

8. In functional grammar, a time frame refers to the specific time or point in time that is being referred to in a sentence or clause. It is used to indicate when an action or state occurs. Time frames can be expressed in various ways, such as through verb tenses, time adverbs, or other linguistic markers that convey the temporal context of the situation being described.

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Question's responses

1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

R: Past and Present.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

R: Namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor?

R: I study every day; I studied last night.

4. Why is the past tense used for the second factor?

R: The past tense is used here to describe hypothetical actions or states.

5. Why is the past tense used for the third factor?

R: The past tense is used here to a more polite register.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R: Past, present, and future.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

R: Simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect progressive.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

R: A time frame is the way verb forms and expressions indicate when an action or event occurs in a sentence.

# data[].attributes.body
According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

There are only two tenses: present and past.

What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

What is the example for the first factor.

Present tense

I study every day.

Why is past tense used for the second factor.

Past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states.

Why is past tense used for the third factor.

Past tense for a more polite register.

How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

There are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

How many aspects do we have in English according to Funcional Grammar? There are three aspects Functional grammar has emerged initially from the work of Halliday in the 1990s and the key distinctions between what are known as Field, Tenor and Mode.

What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

period of time especially with respect to some action

# data[].attributes.body
1-According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

R: refer to only two tenses: present and past.

2-What three factors can tense be applied to?

R: Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3- What is the example for the first factor.

R: Example for the first factor time: (e.g. I study every day.) prensent tense, (e.g. I studied last night) past tense.

4-Why is past tense used for the second factor.

R: past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (e.g. I wish I wasn't so busy)

5- Why is past tense used for the third factor.

R: past tense for a more polite register (e.g. Could you help me?).

6- How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R: Textbooks for English language teaching used in school curricula worldwide, however, tend to focus on the time factor.

7- How many aspects do we have in English according to functional grammar?

R: the simple aspect, the continuous aspect, and the perfect.

8- what is a time frame according to functional grammar?

R: A time frame refers to the way an event or state is situated in time. it involves the speakes perspective on the timing of an action or situation.

# data[].attributes.body
1.       According to linguistics, how many tenses are there?

-          Present and past.

2.       What three factors can tense be applied to?

-          Time, reality, and register.

3.       What is the example for the first factor?

-          First factor (time). Using present tense e.g., I study every day, and past tense, e.g., I studied last night.

4.       Why is past tense used for the second factor?

-          Past tense is used for the second factor (reality) when describing hypothetical actions or states. e.g., I wish I wasn't so busy.

5.       Why is past tense used for the third factor?

-          Past tense is used for the third factor (register) for a more polite register. e.g., Could you help me?

6.       How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

-          English textbooks commonly teach twelve tenses: past, present, and future, each with four forms.

7.       How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

-          The simple aspect, the continuous aspect, and the perfect aspect.

8.       What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

-          A time frame refers to the way an event or state is situated in time. It involves the speaker's perspective on the timing of an action or situation.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

R: there are 2 tenses present and past

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

R: Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

R: e.g. I study every day

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.

R: past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor.

R: past tense for a more polite register

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R: Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future.

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to R: Functional Grammar?

neutral, progressive, perfect, progressive perfect, and past tense

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

R: a period of time during which something has taken or will take place

# data[].attributes.body
1.According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

Only two tenses: present and past.

2.What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3.What is the example for the first factor.

Present tense to refer to present actions (e.g. I study every day.)

4.Why is past tense used for the second factor.

Because it is used to describe hypothetical actions or states.

5.Why is past tense used for the third factor.

For a more polite register.

6.How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future.

7.How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

There are three verb tenses: Past, Present, and Future. These tenses are divided into four aspects: The Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive. The simple aspect is used to describe facts and habits.

8.What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A period of time during which something has taken or will take place:

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

R: Linguists, led by Lewis (1986), refer to only two tenses: present and past. Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

R:Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

R:Present tense is used for actions and states that are close while past tense is used for actions and states that are remote. When focussing on time, we can use present tense to refer to present actions (e.g. I study every day.)

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.

R: past tense to refer to past actions (e.g. I studied last night). When referring to reality, present tense is used to describe reality (e.g. I am busy while past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (e.g. I wish I wasn't so busy).

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor.

R:When used for register, we can use present tense to show a neutral register (e.g. Can you help me?) or a past tense for a more polite register (e.g. Could you help me?). In every instance of usage of past or present tenses, one of these three factors applies.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R:English language teaching textbooks used in school programs around the world tend to focus on the time factor. One reason is to make it easier to understand. Many textbooks state that there are three tenses: past, present and future.

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

R: These tenses are divided into four aspects: The Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive. The simple aspect is used to describe facts and habits.

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

R:the period of time within which certain events are scheduled to occur.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

According to the linguists, led by Lewis (1986) refers to only two tenses, present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality, and register.

3.      What is the example for the first factor.

I study every day.

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.

past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (example: I wish I wasn't so busy).

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor.

past tense for a more polite register (example:  Could you help me?)

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present, and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to functional grammar?

There are four aspects: The Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive

8. What is a time frame according to functional grammar?

It refers to the way an event or state is situated on time. Involves the perspective of the speaker on the timing of an action or a situation.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

There are only two tenses: present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

When focusing on time, we can use present tense to refer to present actions (e.g. I study every day.) and past tense to refer to past actions (e.g. I studied last night).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.

When referring to reality, past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (e.g. I wish I wasn't so busy).

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor.

When used for register, we can use past tense for a more polite register (e.g. Could you help me?).

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

There are a total of twelve tenses.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

In Functional grammar, conceptual, grammatical, contextual, and output components are present in each linguistic utterance.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

Time frame refers to a specific period or duration within which an event, process, or action takes place.

# data[].attributes.body
According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

There are only two tenses: present and past.

What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

What is the example for the first factor.

Present tense

I study every day.

Why is past tense used for the second factor.

Past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states.

Why is past tense used for the third factor.

Past tense for a more polite register.

How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

There are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

How many aspects do we have in English according to Funcional Grammar? There are three aspects Functional grammar has emerged initially from the work of Halliday in the 1990s and the key distinctions between what are known as Field, Tenor and Mode.

What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

period of time especially with respect to some action

# data[].attributes.body
1. according to linguists, how many tenses are there? commonly recognize three primary tenses in English: past, present, and future. Each tense has various forms, such as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous, which provide a more nuanced expression of time and action. It's worth noting that

2. some languages may have more or fewer tenses, and the concept of tense can vary across linguistic frameworks 3. Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register. Present tense is used for actions and states that are close while past tense is used for actions and states that are remote. When focussing on time, we can use present tense to refer to present actions. 3. He reads a book every evening 4. past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (e.g. I wish I wasn't so busy)

5.When used for register, we can use present tense to show a neutral register (e.g. Can you help me?) or a past is used for a polite register (e.g. Could you help me?)

6. Textbooks for English language teaching used in school curricula worldwide, however, tend to focus on the time factor. One of the reasons is to make it easier to understand. Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7. Functional Grammar typically recognizes three primary aspects in English: simple, continuous (progressive), and perfect. These aspects are used to convey different nuances related to the nature and duration of actions or states. Here's a brief overview:

1. Simple Aspect:

Used for general statements, habitual actions, or simple occurrences.

Example: She visits the museum every weekend.

2. Continuous (Progressive) Aspect:

Indicates actions or states that are ongoing, in progress, or temporary.

Example: She is visiting the museum today.

3. Perfect Aspect:

Indicates actions or states that are completed or have relevance to a specific point in time.

Example: She has visited the museum before. 8. In Functional Grammar, the concept of "time frame" refers to the way a verb phrase structures the temporal information of an action or state. Functional Grammar, also known as Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), emphasizes the communicative functions of language and how linguistic choices contribute to the meaning of a text or discourse.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

two tenses: present and past

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

present tense is used to describe reality (e.g. I am busy while

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.

past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states (e.g. I wish I wasn't so busy).

5.Why is past tense used for the third factor.

past tense for a more polite register

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

Textbooks for English language teaching used in school curricula worldwide, however, tend to focus on the time factor. One of the reasons is to make it easier to understand. Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

In Functional Grammar, as in traditional grammatical analysis, there are generally three main aspects that are recognized in English: simple, continuous (progressive), and perfect. These aspects provide information about how the action or state is viewed in terms of its duration, completion, or relationship to a specific point in time. Here's a brief overview:

1. Simple Aspect:

Used for general statements, habitual actions, or simple occurrences.

Example: She visits the museum every weekend.

2. Continuous (Progressive) Aspect:

Indicates actions or states that are ongoing, in progress, or temporary.

Example: She is visiting the museum today.

3. Perfect Aspect:

Indicates actions or states that are completed or have relevance to a specific point in time.

Example: She has visited the museum before.

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar? Time frame refers to a specific period, to an object or activity.

# data[].attributes.body
According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

There are only two tenses:

present and past.

What three factors can tense be applied to?

-Tense can be applied to three factors: time, reality, and register.

What is the example for the first factor.

-Example for the first factor (time):

Present tense: "I study every day."

Past tense: "I studied last night."

Why is past tense used for the second factor.

-Second factor (reality):

Past tense describes hypothetical actions or states: "I wish I wasn't so busy."

Why is past tense used for the third factor?

-Third factor (register):

Past tense for a more polite register: "Could you help me?"

How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks:

-English textbooks commonly teach twelve tenses: past, present, and future, each with four forms. However, this classification is pedagogic rather than linguistic, aiming to simplify teaching for better understanding.

How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

-Functional Grammar in English recognizes two primary aspects: the perfective aspect and the imperfective aspect.

What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

-In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the temporal setting or context within which an action or event occurs. It is an essential concept to understand the relationship between linguistic elements and time, contributing to a comprehensive analysis of verb usage and tense in language.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

There are more than 12 tenses in English, depending on the classification. Most grammars refer to 12 main tenses.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

The three factors are:

Tense (when an action occurs: past, present, future).

Aspect (the duration or repetition of the action).

Mood (the speaker's attitude toward the action).

3. What is the example for the first factor?

An example of the tense would be:

Present: “I eat.”

Past tense: “I ate.”

Future: “I will eat.”

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

The past tense is used to express actions that have already been completed, which helps to establish a clear temporal context.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

The past tense can denote hypothetical actions or conditional situations (as in conditional sentences), indicating that the action is not real in the present.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

Generally, 12 tenses are taught in English textbooks, which include the simple present, simple past and simple future, along with their continuous and perfect forms.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, there are two main aspects: the perfective aspect and the imperfective aspect.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A time frame in functional grammar refers to the period in which an action can occur, which can be specific (definite) or general (indefinite).

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

Linguists generally recognize three main tenses: past, present, and future.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to:

- Time: when an action occurs

- Aspect: the nature of the action

- Mood: the attitude of the speaker towards the action

3. What is the example for the first factor?

An example for the time factor:

- Past Tense: "I walked to the store yesterday."

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

The past tense is used for the aspect factor to indicate that an action was completed at a specific time in the past, showing its duration or repetition. For example:

- Perfect Aspect: "I had finished my homework before dinner."

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

The past tense is used for the mood factor to express hypothetical or unreal situations. For example:

- Subjunctive Mood: "If I were rich, I would travel the world."

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

English textbooks commonly teach 12 tenses, which include combinations of the three main tenses and their aspects.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, there are two main aspects: perfect and progressive.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A time frame in Functional Grammar refers to the contextual period in which an action occurs, helping to establish the relationship between the action and the time it takes place (e.g., past, present, future).

# data[].attributes.body
1. How many tenses are there according to linguists?

Linguists often state that there are three main tenses in most languages, including English:

Past (e.g., I walked),

Present (e.g., I walk),

Future (e.g., I will walk).

Some argue that English strictly has only two tenses (past and non-past) because future forms often rely on modal constructions like will rather than inflectional changes.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can relate to:

Time of the event (when the action occurs),

Hypothetical or unreal situations,

Reported speech or indirect communication.

3. What is the example for the first factor?

For time of the event:

I ate breakfast yesterday. (past tense to indicate an action completed in the past).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

In hypothetical or unreal situations, past tense often expresses distance from reality.

For example:

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

Here, past tense (were) is used to describe an imagined, unreal scenario.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

In reported speech, past tense often shifts to reflect the reporting moment relative to the original statement.

For example:

Direct: "I am tired."

Reported: She said she was tired.

The past tense aligns with the temporal distance of the report.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

English textbooks commonly present 12 tense-aspect combinations:

Simple: Present, Past, Future

Continuous: Present, Past, Future

Perfect: Present, Past, Future

Perfect Continuous: Present, Past, Future

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

Functional Grammar identifies four aspects in English:

Simple

Continuous (Progressive)

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A time frame in Functional Grammar refers to the temporal context provided by the tense and aspect of a verb. It identifies when an action occurs (e.g., past, present, or future) and its relationship to other actions or states (e.g., completed, ongoing, or habitual).

# data[].attributes.body
1. Traditionally, it is argued that English has only two true tenses: present and past, based on morphological changes in verbs.

2. Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. Past Time: I walked to the store yesterday.

Present Time: I walk to the store every day.

4. The second factor, reality, often uses the past tense in certain contexts because it allows speakers to express hypothetical, unreal, or counterfactual situations.

5. Register refers to formality or politeness in communication. Past tense is often used to soften tone, making requests or suggestions more polite and less direct.

6. English textbooks commonly teach 12 tenses, which are combinations of three primary tenses (past, present, future)

7. We have four aspects (simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous).

8. Time frame refers to the temporal reference or period within which an action, event, or state is situated.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

A: Linguistis often identify only two tenses: Past and Present

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

A: Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor?

A: Example (time): I study every day.

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

A: Past tense is used in hypothetical situations to express unreal or imagined scenarios. Example: If I were rich, I would travel the world.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

A: Past tense is used for politeness or distancing to make statements less direct or assertive. Example: I wanted to ask if you could help me.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

A: English textbooks typically teach twelve tenses. These include:

Present simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous.

Past simple, continuous, perfect, perrfect continuous.

Future simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous.

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

A: Four aspects:

Simple

Continuous (Progressive)

Perfect

Perfect Continuous.

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

A: In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the period in which an action or state occurs, including distinctions of past, present, and future as they relate to grammatical tense and aspect.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

-Linguists, led by Lewis (1986), refer to only two tenses: present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

-Tense can be applied to three factors: time, reality, and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

-First factor (time):

Present tense: "She reads a book every night."

Past tense: "Lianneth went to the supermarket yesterday."

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor.
-Second factor (reality):

Past tense describes hypothetical actions or states: "I wish I wasn't .

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

-Third factor (register):

Past tense for a more polite register: "Could you help me?"

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

-Many textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

-In English functional Grammar there are four aspects: Simple,Progressive,Perfect,Perfect Progressive

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

-A Time frame in Functional Grammar refers to the temporal context provided by the tense and aspect of a verb identifies when an action occurs (past,present or future) and its relationship to other actions or states(completed,ongoing, or habitual).

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

•There are only two tenses:

present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

•Tense can be applied to three factors: time, reality, and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

• Present tense to refer to present actions (e.g.

I study every day.)

4. Why is the past tense used for the second factor?

•The past tense is used here to describe hypothetical

actions or states.

5. Why is the past tense used for the third factor?

•The past tense is used here to a more polite register.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

•English textbooks commonly teach twelve tenses: past, present, and future, each with four forms.

7. How many aspects do we have in

English according to functional

grammar?

•There are four aspects:

The Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

•A period of time during which something has taken or will take place

# data[].attributes.body
1.According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

-Past and present

2.What three factors can tense be applied to?

-Namely time, reality and register.

3.What is the example for the first factor.

-Present: She works every day.

Past: She worked yesterday.

4.Why is past tense used for the second factor?

-The past tense is used for hypothetical situations to indicate something contrary to reality or a condition. Example:

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

5.Why is past tense used for the third factor?

-The past tense is used to add politeness or create social distance, softening requests or statements. Example:

I was wondering if you could help me.

6.How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

-English textbooks often teach 12 tenses, derived by combining the two primary tenses (past, present) with four aspects (simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous).

7.How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

-There are Four:

Simple

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

8.What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

-A "time frame" refers to the span or context within which an event occurs, indicating whether it belongs to the past, present, or future, often defined by both tense and aspect.

# data[].attributes.body
1/ According to linguists, how many tenses are there?
Most linguists recognize that in English there are two main tenses: the present and the past. This is because tense in English is defined by morphological changes in the verb.

2/ What three factors can tense be applied to?
-The moment of the situation described.
-The speaker's perspective on the situation.
-The cultural or social context in which the information is communicated.

3/ What is the example for the first factor?
The Earth orbits the Sun.
Here, the present tense is used to express a universal truth.

4/ Why is past tense used for the second factor?
The past tense is used in the second factor to express emotional distance, politeness or unreality.

5/ Why is past tense used for the third factor?
The past tense may reflect a cultural or social perspective. For example, in narratives or traditions, the past is used to place events or shared beliefs within a story or historical context.

6/ How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?
English textbooks teach 12 tenses, which combine tense and aspect.

7/ Functional Grammar distinguishes four aspects in English:
	1. Simple
	2. Continuous
	3. Perfect
        4. Perfect Continuous

8/ What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?
A time frame is the relationship between the time of the event (described by the verb), the time of utterance (when spoken), and other temporal reference points.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

R/ Linguists, led by Lewis (1986), refer to only two tenses

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

R/Tense can be applied to three factors, namely time, reality and register.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

R/When focussing on time,

Example: present tense to refer to present actions (I study every day.)

Example : past tense to refer to past actions (I studied last night).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

R/ When referring to reality, past tense is used to describe hypothetical actions or states

Example: . I wish I wasn't so busy

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

R/ When used for register, we can use past tense for a more polite register .

Example: Could you help me?

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R/ Textbooks state that there are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

R/ According to Functional Grammar , we have four aspects: The Simple, Progressive, Perfect, and Perfect Progressive.

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

R/ In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the contextual setting in which actions or events occur, typically identified through adverbial phrases or prepositional phrases.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

Past and present

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Time, reality and register

3. What is the example for the first factor?

I study every day

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

Past tense is used to describe hypothetical action or states. Example: I wish I wasn't so busy.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

When used for register, we can used past tense for a more polite register. Example: Could you help me?

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbook?

There are three verb tenses: past, present and future. Each of these tenses has four forms, creating a total of twelve tenses.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Funcional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, in English we have four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the period in which an action or event takes place, which can be past, present or future, and is related to verb aspects and tenses.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

According to linguistics, there are 3 tenses in grammar, and these are classified in past, present, and future.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to three factors: time of the event, time of the reference point, and time of the speaker or writer.

3. What is the example for the first factor.

Example for the first factor: "She talked to me yesterday."

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

Future tense is used for the second factor because it refers to the time of the reference point, which is in the future.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

Past tense is used for the third factor because it refers to the time of the speaker or writer, which is also in the past.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

Commonly, there are 12 tenses taught in English textbooks (including the simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms for each main tense).

7. How many aspects do we have in English accordying to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, there are two aspects in English: perfective and imperfective.

8. What is a time frame accoirdying to Functional Grammar?

Refers to the relationship between the time of the event, the time of the reference point, and the time of the speaker or writer.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguists, how many tenses are there?

Linguists typically identify three main tenses: past, present, and future.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can generally be applied to the time of the action (past, present, future), the aspect of the action (simple, continuous, perfect), and the mood of the verb (indicative, subjunctive, imperative).

3. What is the example for the first factor?

"I eat" (indicating a present action).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

The past tense is often used to indicate that an action is completed and no longer occurring in the present, providing clarity about the time frame of the action.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

The past tense is used for the third factor, which relates to narrative or reporting of past events. It provides a clear indication that the action has already taken place, allowing the speaker to reflect on or report on these actions with a sense of distance from the present.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

English textbooks often teach around 12 tenses, which include variations such as simple, perfect, and continuous forms across past, present, and future.

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, there are typically three aspects: simple, perfect, and progressive (continuous).

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A time frame in Functional Grammar refers to the period during which an action occurs, which can be expressed through tense and aspect to indicate whether an action is ongoing, completed, or habitual.

# data[].attributes.body
1. How many tenses are there according to linguists?

A: Linguists often argue that there are only two tenses in English: past and present.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

A: Time reference (past, present, future), hypothetical or counterfactual situations, politeness or distancing in communication.

3. What is the example for the first factor?

She runs every morning. (Present)

She ran yesterday. (Past)

She will run tomorrow. (Future expressed with a modal).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

Past tense is used for hypothetical or counterfactual situations to create distance from reality:

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

Here, the past tense (were) signals a situation that is contrary to fact.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

Past tense is used for politeness or distancing to make statements less direct and more formal:

I was wondering if you could help me.

Here, the past tense (was wondering) softens the request, making it more polite.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

English textbooks typically teach 12 tenses, which are combinations of tense (past, present, future) and aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous).

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, English has four aspects: Simple, continuous (Progressive), perfect, perfect Continuous.

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

In Functional Grammar, a time frame refers to the specific point or period in time that a clause is situated relative to the event being described. It includes past, present, and future, often modified by aspectual markers to indicate duration or completion.

# data[].attributes.body
1. How many tenses are there according to linguists?

Linguists typically agree that there are two tenses in English: past and present. Some argue that English lacks a future tense because it relies on auxiliary verbs (e.g., will, going to) to express future time, rather than inflection.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

Tense can be applied to:

1. Time ( past, present, future).

2. Condition ( hypothetical or unreal situations).

3. Distance ( psychological or social distance).

3. What is an example of the first factor (time)?

He is working (present tense).

He worked yesterday (past tense).

He will work tomorrow (future time, expressed with auxiliary verbs).

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor (condition)?

Past tense can show unreal or hypothetical conditions, like in conditional sentences:

If I had more time, I would help you.
Here, "had" doesn’t refer to actual past time but to an imagined situation.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor (distance)?

Past tense can create psychological or social distance in politeness or indirectness:

I was wondering if you could help me.
The past tense makes the request sound less direct or more polite.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

English textbooks often teach 12 tenses, which include combinations of tense (past, present, future) and aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous).

7. How many aspects do we have in English according to Functional Grammar?

According to Functional Grammar, English has four aspects:

1. Simple

2. Continuous (Progressive)

3. Perfect

4. Perfect Continuous

8. What is a time frame according to Functional Grammar?

A time frame refers to the perspective of time in which an event or action occurs, such as past, present, or future, often in relation to the verb form and context.

# data[].attributes.body
1. According to linguistics, how many tenses are there?

R= present and past.

2. What three factors can tense be applied to?

R= time, register and reality.

3. What is the example for the first factor?

R= she walks.

4. Why is past tense used for the second factor?

R= when used for register, we can use present tense to show a neutral register.

5. Why is past tense used for the third factor?

R= When referring to reality, present tense is used to describe reality.

6. How many tenses are commonly taught in English textbooks?

R= There are three verb tenses: past, present and future.

7. How many aspects do we have in english accordying to functional grammar?

R= Four aspects.

8. What is a time frame according to functional grammar?

R= A period of time during which something has taken or will take place.