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-German Customs Union made in 1834

-Austria was the only state in the German Confederation not included in the union

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-Inherited Prussian throne to restablish Prussian power

-Otto Van Bismark appointed him Prime minister of Prussia

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-realistic/power politics to get things done (Otto Von Bismark)

-away from romanticism in politics, no more ¨political actions are the will of God

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-favored a unified Germany under the leadership of a king

-Expressed realpolitik (successful practitioner)

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Had a good in depth explanation on realpolitik, and how Otto Von Bismark used it to unify Germany. A lot of information all at once, but a good video overall.

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German Unification (Part II: Bismarck's Realpolitik)

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-William I called for expansion of army

-Created the General Staff (to create war plans)

-Introduced modern weapons

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-Denmark included German speaking territories into their kingdom, violating a treaty

-As Nationalism became significant in Germany, they fought to get Schleswig and Holstein back

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I picked this article because it is a good overall explanation of the war. It uses dates and is clear/easy to understand.

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In the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, German and Danish interests conflicted; the duchies came under the Danish crown, but a large part of the population spoke German. In November 1863, the death of the King of Denmark, Frederick VII, sparked a dispute over the succession which led to the intervention of Prussia and Austria.

On 1 February 1864, the Austrian and Prussian armies invaded Denmark.

On 13 March 1864, the International Committee decided to send two delegates to the scene of the fighting: Dr Appia to the Austro-Prussian armies, and Captain Van de Velde (the Netherlands delegate to the 1863 Geneva Conference) to Denmark.

The delegates'instructions were:

to assist the wounded;

to study, on the spot, how the recommendations of the 1863 Geneva Conference were being or could be implemented.

The delegates were sent to both sides of the front to ensure impartiality; they carried letters of introduction from the International Committee and the Swiss government and each wore a white armband with a red cross. Dr Appia took part in an operation that was conducted between the front lines: the return of a Danish officer's body. Captain Van de Velde, for his part, visited Austrian and Prussian wounded and prisoners in Danish hands. From the outset, therefore, these two delegates played the role of impartial intermediaries, precisely the role of the ICRC.

Van de Velde also contacted an association in Copenhagen set up to assist the wounded and their families and he took steps to ensure that it was considered as one of the relief societies provided for in the resolutions of the 1863 Conference. This marked the founding of the Danish Red Cross.

On the Austro-Prussian front, the army accepted the assistance of volunteer doctors and nurses. Allied and enemy wounded were treated on an absolutely equal footing. The Prussian Red Cross, which had just been set up, sent considerable quantities of aid, and Dr Appia met its delegate on a number of occasions. He also informed the military doctor s about the contents of the resolutions of the Geneva Conference.

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The first conflict to break out after the creation of the Red Cross; the ICRC dispatches delegates to both sides of the front line and serves as neutral intermediary; first steps by national Red Cross societies.

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-conflict between two main German powers, Austria and Prussia

-Prussia's superior advancements allowed them to beat Austria

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-Created by Bismark, insisting that Reichstag should be elected by universal male suffrage

-Each state retained own local government

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-War between Second French Empire and North German Confederation, led by the kingdom of Prussia

-caused by France wanting to be a dominant power in Europe (they lost)

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-Declared war on Bismark, was defeated

-Captured at Sedan --5 billion franc indemnity on the French