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Florence Kelley (1859–1932) was a social and political reformer focused on labor laws and child welfare. As head of the National Consumers League and a Hull House resident, she used research and advocacy to push for better factory conditions.    She championed the minimum wage, an 8-hour workday, and end to child labor. Kelley’s work led to major policy changes and inspired future labor protections.

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Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the oldest U.S. civil rights organization. Formed by a multiracial group of activists—including W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, and Mary White Ovington—it was created to fight racial discrimination and violence against African Americans.         The NAACP led legal battles against segregation, lynching, and voter suppression. Its work helped dismantle Jim Crow laws and paved the way for the Civil Rights Movement.

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

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The Social Gospel was a religious movement in the late 1800s–early 1900s that applied Christian ethics to social problems like poverty, inequality, and alcoholism. Led by Protestant ministers such as Walter Rauschenbusch, it urged churches to take a more active role in social justice.    The movement inspired the creation of soup kitchens, labor reforms, and settlement houses. It framed social activism as a moral and spiritual responsibility, laying groundwork for future civil rights efforts. 

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Jane Addams (1860–1935) was a pioneering social reformer, activist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner. In 1889, she co-founded Hull House in Chicago, one of the first settlement houses in the U.S. to support poor immigrants and working-class families. Addams became a leading voice for urban social reform, women’s rights, and world peace.    Hull House offered education, job training, childcare, and medical services. Addams helped establish social work as a profession and pushed for child labor laws, women’s suffrage, and sanitation reform. 

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Hull House offered education, job training, childcare, and medical services. Addams helped establish social work as a profession and pushed for child labor laws, women’s suffrage, and sanitation reform.