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Reference Materials on Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great

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Reference Materials on Hatshepsut and Ramses the Great

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Explore more about these influential figures through the following links: 

1. [Queen Hatshepsut Biography](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hatshepsut) 
2. [Ramses the Great Biography](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramses-II-king-of-Egypt)

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1213 BCE: The Last Great Monument of Ramses II

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1213 BCE: The Last Great Monument of Ramses II

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In his final years, Ramses II completed many magnificent building projects, including the temples at Abu Simbel. These massive monuments demonstrated his power and would influence Egyptian architecture for generations to come.

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Ramses II signed what is considered the world's first known peace treaty with the Hittites. This diplomatic achievement brought lasting peace and established one of the earliest international diplomatic agreements.

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Ramses II led Egyptian forces against the Hittites in the Battle of Kadesh, one of the largest chariot battles in history. Though the battle ended in a stalemate, Ramses portrayed it as a great victory in his monuments.

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1279 BCE: Ramses II (The Great) Becomes Pharaoh

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1279 BCE: Ramses II (The Great) Becomes Pharaoh

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Ramses II ascended to the throne, beginning one of the longest and most prosperous reigns in Egyptian history. He would rule for 66 years and become known as Ramses the Great.

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1458 BCE: Hatshepsut's Trade Expedition to Punt

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1458 BCE: Hatshepsut's Trade Expedition to Punt

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Queen Hatshepsut organized a famous trading expedition to the land of Punt (possibly modern-day Somalia). The expedition brought back exotic goods including incense trees, ivory, and gold, demonstrating her skills in foreign diplomacy and trade.

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Hatshepsut became the most powerful woman in Ancient Egypt. Initially serving as regent for her young stepson, she declared herself pharaoh and ruled for about 22 years. She was one of Egypt's most successful rulers, focusing on expanding trade and undertaking ambitious building projects, including her famous mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.

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The New Kingdom marked Egypt's peak of power and influence. During this time, Egypt became a world superpower, extending its influence from Nubia to the Euphrates River.

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Egypt entered a golden age of stability and prosperity. Art and literature flourished, and trade expanded. This period is often called the 'Classical Age' of Ancient Egyptian culture.

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Known as the 'Age of the Pyramids,' this period saw the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx. The pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs and remain architectural marvels to this day.

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3100 BCE: Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

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3100 BCE: Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

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King Narmer (also known as Menes) unified Upper and Lower Egypt, creating the first dynasty of Ancient Egypt. This marked the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period and established Memphis as the capital.