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Summative assessment is a type of evaluation used to measure what students have learned at the end of an instructional unit, course, or program. Unlike formative assessment, which helps improve learning, summative assessment is used to judge learning outcomes. For instance, final exams, project and presentation.

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Definition:

A diagnostic assessment is a type of pre-assessment that helps teachers identify students’ prior knowledge, skills, strengths, and learning gaps before starting a new topic or unit.

Main Purpose:

To understand what students already know.

To identify individual learning needs.

To guide instructional planning effectively.

When is it used?

At the beginning of a course, unit, or lesson.

When introducing a new concept or skill.

At transitional stages (e.g., moving from one grade level to another).

Examples of Diagnostic Assessment:

Pre-tests or quizzes.

Questionnaires or surveys about the topic.

One-on-one interviews with students.

Concept maps drawn by students.

Reviewing students’ past work or reports.

Key Features:

Not graded – does not affect final marks.

Focuses on improving learning, not judging performance.

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Formative assessment refers to a range of evaluative processes used by teachers during the learning process to monitor student understanding, provide feedback, and guide instruction. The main goal is to improve learning, not just to measure it. For example, quizzes, class discussions and peer or self- assessment.

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Used to compare a student’s performance to a larger group of the same level students.

The results will be shown as scores and they will tell us which students is better than the others.

Ranks.

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Is a test used to evaluate a person natural abilities or potential to perform certain tasks or learning specific skills its measure the inherent talents rather than acquiring knowledge.

Used :

Job interviews

Career counselling

College admissions

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We use this type of test in order to evaluate a person’s knowledge or skills against a fixed standard, not compared to others. For example : driving test where passing requires meeting specific driving criteria.