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Drought is a major threat to land animals, particularly those with permeable skin or limited movement. They depend on physiological and behavioral adaptations to retain water and prevent desiccation.

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Figure 1- Graphic with relationship between different organisms based on weight variation.

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Beetles (cyan) and snails (pink) lost little weight — they're resistant to desiccation. Earthworms (green) and slugs (yellow) lost a lot — they're vulnerable due to soft, permeable bodies.

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Francisca Antunes, Joana Silva e Rodrigo Monteiro

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Francisca Antunes, Joana Silva e Rodrigo Monteiro

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We are Francisca Antunes, Joana Silva, and Rodrigo Monteiro, Environmental Science students at the University of Minho in Braga.

And we have a mutual dream... passing this class.

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Each species was tested in two cup setups - one open to airflow and one sealed - to compare responses to dry, windy conditions simulated by a fan. Resulting in behavioral changes and signs of desiccation to assess the impact of air exposure.

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Overall, animals with protective external structures (shell or exoskeleton) retained more water while soft-bodied animals lost more confirming that morphological traits play a key role in desiccation resistance.

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Beetle, earthworm, slug and snail

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Has exoskeleton.

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Soft-bodied animal.

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Soft-bodied animal.

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Has shell.

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Explore how different terrestrial invertebrates respond to dry conditions by observing their resistance to water loss under controlled airflow.

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Aquatic insects dealing with dehydration: do desiccation resistance traits differ in species with contrasting habitat preferences? (2016). Published on August 31, 2016.

Dehydration dynamics in terrestrial arthropods: from water sensing to trophic interactions.

How Terrestrial Animals Maintain Salt and Water Balance.

Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance: Themes and Variations in Brine Shrimp, Roundworms, and Tardigrades. (2020). Published on October 23, 2020.

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (versão GPT-4) [Large language model]. Disponível em: https://chat.openai.com.

Sistema Excretor e Osmoregulacao – UFPA.
Apresenta detalhes sobre os mecanismos de osmoregulação em diversos animais, incluindo a excreção de diferentes compostos nitrogenados.
Disponível em: https://lobio.ufpa.br/AulasAnimaliaITeITIpdf/AnimaliaITi/Sistemaexcretoreosmoregulacao.pdf. Acesso em: 28 maio 2025.

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Figure 2 - Relationship between initial biomass and weight variation in terrestrial organisms, showing a weak correlation (R² = 0.01) across beetles, earthworms, slugs, and snails.

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Relationship Between Weight Variation and Initial Biomass in Organisms

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Relationship Between Weight Variation and Initial Biomass in Organisms

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A fitted regression line (y = 1.71 * initial_biomass - 44.71) with a low R² value of 0.01 suggests a weak correlation, and a shaded confidence interval is included around the line.

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Figure 3 - Relationship between initial biomass and weight variation in terrestrial organisms, showing trends for snails, beetles, slugs, and earthworms.

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Weight Variation by Initial Biomass in Terrestrial Organisms

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Weight Variation by Initial Biomass in Terrestrial Organisms

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Once again the wheight variation is more noticeable in the slug and the earthworm and not so much in the beetle and the snail.