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August 3, 1860

As Premier, Joseph Howe argued that the same registered voters should decide if Nova Scotia should join the Confederation. He compared the proposed plan for Confederation to uniting Scotland with Poland, making the case that Nova Scotia’s wants did not match Canada’s. Even after 1867, Howe fought to repeal Confederation. When he realized he couldn't change the Confederation, he tried to improve the agreement conditions for Nova Scotia.

I chose this event because I feel like Joseph Howe's choices to let the registered voters decide if Nova Scotia should join the Confederation is a very big move because he let people in the province make the decision.

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June 26, 1864

The Great Coalition was formed. Reform leader, George Brown, joined a coalition with John A. Macdonald's Conservatives and George-Étienne Cartier's Bleus, starting the process of Confederation in the Province of Canada. The ministers of the Great Coalition were sworn in on June 30.

This is important in my opinion because it is the beginning of the process of Confederation spreading into Canada.

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September 1, 1864

John A. Macdonald attended the Charlottetown Conference to persuade the Maritime provinces to join the Canadian Confederation. This brought together influential political leaders of British North America and laid the groundwork for Canadian Confederation.

This is an important event because many political leaders came together to discuss Canadian Confederation.

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October 10, 1864

Confederation was argued about at the Quebec Conferences, where the Quebec Resolutions were agreed upon, shaping the path for Confederation. John A. Macdonald wrote out 50 of the 72 resolutions for the Confederation.

This is a big factor because John A. Macdonald traveled to Quebec to gain their power for Confederation.

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October 19, 1864

A party of Confederate agents based in Canada raided the town of St. Albans, Vermont. This northern land action of the American Civil War caused a lot of tension between Great Britain and the United States. Incidents like the St. Albans Raid increased fears of American expansion to the north in the lead to Canadian Confederation.

This plays a big role because the fear of expanding into America to the north raised a lot of fear for Canadian Confederation.

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February 20, 1865

The legislative council of the Province of Canada adopted an address pushing the Imperial Parliament to pass legislation to get the union of British North America. The Assembly adopted the address on March 11.

I think this is important because it is introducing the Imperial Pariament into Confederation.

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March 4, 1865

The New Brunswick government, led by pro-Confederation Leonard Tilley, was defeated in the only election held on the issue of Confederation.

I think this is important because a political leader was defeated in the only election that had merit for the issue of Confederation.

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December 4, 1866

Sixteen delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with the British government in London, England. During the three-month conference, delegates reviewed the Québec Resolutions, creating a document that would form the basis of the British North American Act. They chose Canada as the name of the new country and made it a dominion.

This plays a factor because Canada became a new country.

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March 8, 1867

The British North American Act was passed by the British Parliament and given royal assent by Queen Victoria on March 29. It came into effect on July 1. The Act joined the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in one federal union. In 1999, Nunavut became Canada’s newest territory. Its creation establishes self-governance for the region’s Inuit population.

This is a big factor because the British North American Act was given royal assent by Queen Victoria and Nunavut became Canada's newest territory.

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March 18, 1867

Amor De Cosmos' resolution calling for the admission of BC into Confederation on fair terms was given unanimous support by the colony's legislative council.

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https://secondaryhistory.learnquebec.ca/1840-1896/causes-of-confederation

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/confederation

https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/socstud/foundation_gr5/blms/5-4-4h.pdf

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timeline

The Dominion of Canada wasn't born out of revolution, or a sweeping outburst of nationalism. Rather, it was created in a series of conferences and orderly negotiations, culminating in the terms of Confederation on 1 July 1867.

Opposition to Confederation

Nova Scotians Elect Joseph Howe

As Premier, Joseph Howe argued that the same electorate should decide if Nova Scotia will join Confederation. He compared the proposed plan for Confederation to uniting Scotland with Poland, making the case that Nova Scotia's interests did not match Canada's. Even after 1867, Howe battled to repeal Confederation. When that hope slipped away, he fought to improve the conditions of the agreement for Nova Scotia.

Confederation

Great Coalition Formed

The Great Coalition was formed. Reform leader George Brown joined a coalition with John A. Macdonald's Conservatives and George-Étienne Cartier's Bleus, starting the process of Confederation in the Province of Canada. The ministers of the Great Coalition were sworn in on June 30.

Confederation

Québec Conference

Confederation was debated at the Québec Conference, where the Québec Resolutions were agreed upon, paving the way for Confederation. John A. Macdonald is said to have written 50 of the 72 resolutions.

Confederation

Vote for Confederation

The legislative council of the Province of Canada adopted an address urging the Imperial Parliament to pass legislation to achieve the union of British North America. The Assembly adopted the address on March 11.

Confederation

London Conference

Sixteen delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick met with the British government in London, England. During the three month conference, delegates reviewed the Québec Resolutions - creating a document that would form the basis of the British North America Act - chose "Canada" as the name of the new country and designated it a Dominion.

Confederation
British North America Act
The British North America Act was passed by the British Parliament and given royal assent by Queen Victoria on 29 March. It came into effect on 1 July. The Act joined the colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in one federal union. In 1949, Newfoundland becomes Canada's newest province. In 1999, Nunavut becomes Canada's newest territory. Its creation establishes self-governance for the region's Inuit population.

Confederation

Conservatives Win First Majority

In the first general election after Confederation, the Conservatives won a majority with 101 seats to the Liberals' 80; Sir John A. Macdonald, who had been chosen prime minister by the Governor General when Canada was created, remained prime minister.

Confederation

First Election Post-Confederation

Sir John A. Macdonald leads the Conservative Party to victory. Men over the age of 21 who meet property qualifications can vote.

Confederation
Rupert's Land Act
The Rupert's Land Act was passed, allowing the Crown to declare Rupert's Land part of the Dominion of Canada.

Confederation

Manitoba Joins Confederation

The Manitoba Act went into effect, making Manitoba Canada's fifth province.

Confederation

Transfer of Rupert's Land

The British Crown officially transferred Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to Canada. These lands comprise present-day Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, southern Nunavut, and northern parts of Ontario and Québec.

Confederation

Treaty 1

The first post-Confederation treaty was signed at Lower Fort Garry, Man. The first of many " Numbered Treaties," Treaty 1 was signed between the Crown and the Ojibwe and Swampy Cree Nations. The treaty included the provision of livestock, agricultural equipment and the establishment of schools in exchange for ceding large tracts of Indigenous hunting grounds.

Confederation

Alberta and Saskatchewan Become Provinces

Alberta and Saskatchewan entered Canada as the 8th and 9th provinces by two federal Acts which received royal assent on 20 July. Alberta's boundary with Saskatchewan was set at 110°, though Albertans wanted 107°. The Acts (Autonomy Bills) declared that the West was to have non-denominational schools.

Confederation

Yukon Land Claims

The federal government established a committee to negotiate land claims in the Yukon.

Confederation

Nisga'a Land Claim Agreement

Federal and provincial officials signed an agreement of land claims with the Nishga'a in northwestern British Columbia. The Final Agreement calls for cash payments to the Nisga'a of approximately $190 million over a period of years, and recognizes the communal ownership and self-governance of about 2,000 km ² of Nisga'a lands in the Nass River Valley.

Confederation

Tsilhqot'in First Nation Granted Title Claim in Supreme Court Ruling

Tsilhqot'in First Nation was granted title to 1,700 km ² of land in British Columbia after a Supreme Court of Canada ruling, the first to grant a declaration of Aboriginal title to a First Nation.

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timeline The Dominion of Canada wasn't born out of revolution, or a sweeping outburst of nationalism. Rather, it was created in a series of conferences and orderly negotiations, culminating in the terms of Confederation on 1 July 1867.