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 2024 Is Chocolate Good for Ivory Coast Directions

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Cultural Diffusion & Regionalism Unit Intro

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 Culture & Regionalism Vocabulary Matrix

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Link to DBQ

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 Population Pyramid Questions (Frisco 2010)

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 Population Pyramid Questions (Frisco 2010)

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Link to Tweet

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1. Unit 3: Population & Migration Vocabulary Matrix 

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1. Unit 3: Population & Migration Vocabulary Matrix 

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 2021 Unit 3: Population & Migration Vocab Matrix

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 2023 Unit 2: Economic Systems Test Review

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Link to One Pager

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Link to One Pager

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Copy of  IR Station Notes 2023 (student)

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Link to DBQ

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Link to Economic Video

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Check out this Poster (US) designed by Sarayu Sunnam.

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My Vocab Matrix - Link

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Unit 2: Economic Systems Vocab Matrix (Coach Tidwell Example)

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Link to PSA

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Extreme Weather

hurricane

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

drought

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

tornado

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

FLOODS

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

tsunami

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

monsoon

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Extreme Weather

Each group will be assigned a specific extreme weather event. Together you will create a short video or audio-based public service announcement (PSA) or a poster that educates the community about their assigned extreme weather event and provides tips for preparedness. Consider the physical geography that contributes to the occurrence of their assigned extreme weather event and how it affects the community.

hurricane

tsunami

monsoon

floods

tornado

drought

Tsunamis not only destroy human life, but have a devastating effect on insects, animals, plants, and natural resources. A tsunami changes the landscape. It uproots trees and plants and destroys animal habitats such as nesting sites for birds. Land animals are killed by drowning and can contaminate drinking water. Sea life is killed by pollution if dangerous chemicals are washed away into the sea, thus poisoning the marine life. The impact of a tsunami on the environment relates not only to the landscape and animal life, but also to the man-made aspects of the environment. Solid waste and disaster debris are the most critical environmental problems faced by a tsunami-hit country.

Flooding and contamination of drinking water can cause disease to spread in the tsunami-hit areas. Illnesses such as malaria rise when water is stagnant and contaminated. Under these conditions it is difficult for people to stay healthy and for diseases to be treated, so infections and illnesses can spread very quickly, causing more deaths.

Summer Monsoon - where the wind blows from the ocean across the land will bring an abundance of rain and result in flooding. In many parts of the world, these monsoons would have an impact on the crops because the volume of rainfall will usually result in large-scale flooding. This also causes loss of life impacts the settlement and causes devastating destruction in villages.

Winter Monsoon - where the wind blows from the land to the ocean - results in a dry wind. This causes drought and destruction of any winter crops that would be grown. These monsoons can be predictable but the impacts are also determined by the prevailing winds, changes in the jet stream - all of which can delay or increase the effects of the monsoons.

Floods are usually predictable, but flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain. Flash floods often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path. When a dam or embankment breaks, flooding produces effects similar to flash floods.

Floods happen when draining water, whether from rainfall or melting snow, exceeds the capacity of the river or stream channel to hold it. Floods can cause physical damage such as the destruction of bridges, cars, buildings, sewer systems, roadways, canals, and any other type of structure.

While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential rain, they are also able to produce high waves and a damaging storm surge. Coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from the strong winds. Heavy rains, however, can produce flooding inland, with storm surges producing extensive flooding up to 25 miles from the coastline. Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can also relieve drought conditions. They carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation system. Property destruction, loss of life, or short-term effects; long-term effects are economic with the cost to rebuild houses, businesses, and infrastructure reaching into the millions and in some cases billions of dollars. Hurricanes can prove to be extremely destructive to the physical environment, population and impact economic development.

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As a drought persists, the conditions surrounding it gradually worsen and its impact on the local population gradually increases. The human impacts of droughts can vary from rationing to social unrest and even population migration. Some policies and programs have been put in place to try and reduce droughts; this may include drought monitoring, land use management, desalination, rainwater harvesting, recycling water, water movement, water restrictions, and even cloud seeding.

Drought conditions lead to increased growth of algae in lakes, ponds, and other slow-moving bodies of water. The water is no longer a safe place for fish and other aquatic life. Animals that drink from the rivers or streams can become sick and die; people can be affected by consuming contaminated waters may become ill. The ecology of an area may be affected by the drying of wetlands, with wading birds dying out. Crop production will be lower than usual, trees may die. Wildfires spring up and the lack of irrigation can lead to famine and disease.

People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and diseases. They might cause contamination of water and clean drinking water becomes scarce. Shortage of food crops can also be caused due to the loss of a harvest. Floods are one of the deadliest disasters in the world. They occur when a river's channel cannot hold all the water supplied to it by its watershed. When a river floods in the lower part of its basin, the water spills out onto a floodplain, which is a flat area immediately adjacent to the river channel that has been built by river processes.

A tsunami cannot be prevented or precisely predicted, even if the right earthquake magnitude occurs. Scientists analyze each earthquake and based on many factors, they may or may not issue a tsunami warning. However, in susceptible areas, warning of an impending tsunami will be given as disaster management systems in place to try to reduce tsunami damage.

A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the ocean and smash onto the land with waves as high as 100-130 feet. From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in all directions. The topography of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the following one may be larger than the one before. This is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.

A tornado is a twirling, narrow funnel of wind with speeds from 100 and up to 300 miles per hour. Fully 90 percent of all tornadoes occur in North America. The unique geography involving the collision of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico with cold, dry polar air from Canada sets the stage for super-cell development along squall lines associated with cold fronts. Historically, the majority of tornadoes from such storms tended to occur in early spring in the South, and then migrate to the Great Plains and Midwest in May and June. Tornadoes can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours. Tornadoes also occur with hurricanes, usually in rain bands ahead of and within the eye walls as hurricanes make landfall. In fact, many tornadoes outside of the United States are associated with hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons. For example, Bangladesh in South Asia experiences occasional tornadoes associated with powerful cyclones that churn off the Bay of Bengal with considerable loss of life. Although no one can predict when a tornado will form or how severe it will be, geographers and the tools of geography can help tornado prone areas in several ways. One example is mapping the frequency and strength of tornados. This can help cities and states create building codes that can save lives and limit damage to property.

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The most commonly used measure of a tornado is the Fujita scale which rates tornadoes by the amount of damage they cause, from F0 to F5, with and F5 tornado being the strongest. The last F5 tornado recorded in the United States was in Moore, Oklahoma in 2013. Oklahoma has the highest number of F5 tornadoes on record, but the state of Texas has more tornadoes than any other state, with an annual average of 146 per year, followed by Kansas with 92 per year.

Hurricane's Eye

NASA posted this image from their Landsat satellite on September 28, 2022, of Hurricane Ian's Eyewall. The eye of a hurricane is a circular zone of fair weather at the storm's center. It is surrounded by a towering ring of extremely powerful thunderstorms called an eyewall, the part of the hurricane with the strongest winds. The swirling clouds along the edges of the eyewall are mesovortices-small-scale rotational features found in hurricanes with unusually strong winds

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Extreme Weather hurricane hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather drought hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather tornado hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather FLOODS hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather tsunami hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather monsoon hurricane tsunami monsoon floods tornado drought Extreme Weather Each group will be assigned a specific extreme weather event.

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10. Human Environment Interaction Articles

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10. Human Environment Interaction Articles

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Link to Island Flyer

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A mountain is a landform that rises prominently above its surroundings. Mountains are generally distinguished by steep slopes, a relatively confined summit, and considerable height. Most mountains are peaked, but many have flat tops.

Any region that supports very little life may be called a desert. However, the term desert is usually reserved for regions that are arid or dry -- they may or may not be hot. A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.

A valley has two characteristics: low land and being formed between hills or mountains. Valleys in low areas have an average slope; in the mountains, valleys are deep and narrow

An island is any area of land smaller than a continent and entirely surrounded by water. Islands may occur in oceans, seas, lakes, or rivers. A group of islands is called an archipelago.

Plains are any relatively level area of the Earth's surface exhibiting gentle slopes and small local relief. Plains vary widely in size. The smallest occupy only a few hectares, whereas the largest cover hundreds of thousands of square miles-as, for example, the Great Plains of North America.

A valley is a hollow or surface depression of the earth bounded by hills or mountains, a natural trough in the earth's surface that slopes down to a stream, lake, or ocean, formed by water and/or ice erosion. Erosion by rivers is a main valley-forming process. However, not all valleys are formed by rivers, other valleys were formerly occupied by glaciers. As the huge bodies of ice moved along, they carved the valleys as they passed, carrying away giant boulders and huge amounts of debris.

Streams that rise in rainy regions outside deserts bring the most generous supply of water for irrigation. Desert soils are usually productive when given water. Humans have changed many desert environments. Irrigated lands have been extended by giant river-control systems. Oases once reached only by camel now have airports and gas stations for motor vehicles. Settlements have sprung up in deserts to obtain such valuable minerals as petroleum, copper and other metals.

Desert areas differ greatly in their surface features, ranging from mountains to plateaus to plains. The ground may be bare rock or be covered with sand, scattered boulders, or coarse gravel and stones. Although sand dunes are spectacular features of deserts, they are not as common as generally believed.

Rainfall in deserts varies. Most deserts have at least a few days of rain a year, but some may get no rain at all for several years or receive a year's amount in one storm.

Temperatures range widely in deserts. In hot deserts, daytime air temperatures of 100° F occur regularly in summer. Winters are cold in temperate deserts, located far from the equator. The temperature drops sharply in the desert night.

Islands may be either continental or oceanic. Oceanic islands are those that rise to the surface from the floors of the ocean basins. Continental islands are simply un-submerged parts of the continental shelf that are surrounded by water. Islands often lack many natural resources and are forced to trade with other nations.

Their flat surfaces are easily cultivated and usually contain the most productive soil. Moreover, such areas of low relief present few obstacles to land transportation, and the rivers running across them are generally much easier to navigate than are those of rougher terrain.

Mountain dwellers also have to contend with avalanches, landslides, earthquakes, and glacial bursts. The cold temperatures and low oxygen levels, along with difficulties with the construction and maintenance of engineering works have prevented the development of many modern highland cities.

Mountains have played a major role in human history, forming boundaries between countries and natural barriers to migration and transportation. They also have formed refuge areas for distinctive mountain cultures and economies. Mountainous terrain is often both an asset and a hindrance to humans. Mountains have provided protection from war-minded neighbors.

Rivers carry the water that people, plants, and animals must have to live. They also provide transportation and waterpower. Rivers are also a principal natural force in shaping land surfaces. They drain surplus water to the sea, deposit soil and rocks to build new acreage, and erode land formations.

Today people are also dependent upon rivers for much of their water supply. Spreading cities need huge amounts of water every day for industrial and home use. Hydroelectric dams generate millions of volts of electricity that serve the energy needs of modern urban and rural areas. In dry and semiarid lands, water from rivers is used to irrigate acreage for farming.

Mountains regions along the coasts are often associated with special weather conditions. Here moist air masses move inland and are cooled by forced ascent over these mountains, producing heavy rainfalls on the windward slopes. This is called the orographic effect.

In many ways rivers helped give rise to human civilization. The earliest people built their towns and villages beside rivers. Here they found water and food supply, a means of transportation, and protection from enemies. These settlements often developed into major urban centers of trade and commerce. Most of the great cities of the world arose beside large rivers and the settlement of new lands throughout the world followed the course of rivers.

Human activities can also be harmful to rivers. Waste products and heated water discharged from plants pollute rivers and streams they are also polluted by sewage or commercial fertilizers and pesticides that drain into the water from the surrounding land. The destruction of grass and forests have added to the flood problem in some states, muddied the streams, and filled the lakes with silt. In some areas levees or dams built to control flooding have actually made the condition worse.

Occupying slightly more than one-third of the terrestrial surface, plains are found on all continents except Antarctica. They occur north of the Arctic Circle, in the tropics, and in the middle latitudes. Corresponding to their broad geographical distribution, the lains of the world show considerable variation in vegetation. Some are tree covered and others are grassy. Still others support scrub brush and bunch grass, while a few, which are nearly waterless deserts, have only the most sparse and scanty plant life.

Systems of valleys extend through plains, hills, and mountains. Rivers and streams flowing through valleys drain interior land regions to the ocean. At the bottom of many valleys is fertile soil, which makes excellent farmland. The bottom of a valley is called its floor. Most loors slope downstream. Mountain valleys usually have narrow floors. The part of the floor along riverbanks is called flood plain.

Potential waterpower and mineral deposits are commonly found in mountains but are frequently expensive to develop.

Mountains have furnished valuable resources of minerals, timber, water, and scenery. Some mountain slopes, along volcanoes have unusually fertile soils for agriculture. The short growing seasons at high altitudes, however, often restrict agriculture to specialized crops such as tea and coffee in lower altitudes and to grazing in higher ones.

With certain exceptions, plains have become the sites of major centers of population, industry, commerce, and transportation.

The major plains of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia occur in the continental interiors, but broad extensions of some of these flat lands reach the Atlantic coast. The largest plains of Africa occupy a vast portion of the Sahara and extend southward into the Congo and Kalahari basins. Most of the interior of Australia, from the mountains along the eastern margin to the plateaus in the far west, is one vast desert plain.

Islands everywhere have to provide for their populations from restricted ranges of resources (including available land) and economic opportunities. Today, tourism is the major economic industry for many island nations.

A river starts as a tiny trickle on a slope. Rainfall, snowfall, a spring, or the melting of glacial ice may be its source. As it flows downhill it form streams, then creeks, and finally it becomes a river. Rivers are also fed by groundwater-water that has soaked into the earth instead of running off the surface.

Large cities located in a valley may increase air pollution and create health concerns due to air being trapped in the valley.

Like other landforms, river valleys are always changing. At the same time that the river is deepening its bed, other forces- rain, frost, wind, and the atmosphere-are loosening material on the valley walls. This material falls into the stream and is carried away. While most valleys supply fertile soil and water for irrigation and consumption, some may be too steep to be suitable for settlement of farming.

Islands often act as a barrier to both cultural diffusion (spread of ideas and technology) and invasion. Most island nations need to develop good forms of sea travel. Islands have been used as stepping-stones to cross the major oceans (in many cases this has created a history of political domination by outside nations).

Islands are home to approximately 550 million people, including the entire population of 43 independent states. They are found in all parts of the world and vary greatly in terms of size, climate, resources, and political power. Although the variety among islands is great, they share some common characteristics and effects on human civilization - some positive, others negative.

Deserts are much less densely populated than other land areas. People can live and grow crops in the desert only at places where they can get water, called oases or by using underground water reached by wells.

Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment. People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia. Nomad have moved their flocks and herds to wherever grazing is available and oases have provided opportunities for a more settled way of life. Sand and dust storms are natural events that occur in arid regions where the land is not protected by a covering of vegetation. Humans have long made use of deserts as places to live, and more recently have started to exploit them for minerals and energy capture.

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A mountain is a landform that rises prominently above its surroundings. Mountains are generally distinguished by steep slopes, a relatively confined summit, and considerable height. Most mountains are peaked, but many have flat tops. Any region that supports very little life may be called a desert.

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 2023 Earth Stations and Guided Questions 

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Copy of 2022 Character of a Place - Google Jamboard

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2023 Physical Geography Vocabulary Matrix