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What he did-
Galileo did many things during the Scientific Revolution that helped shape the world today. This includes understanding that the Milky Way was a collection of stars, and showing irregular spots on the Sun. However, his most important one was the discovery of the four biggest moons on Jupiter.

Why was this important, and how did it create a paradigm?-
All of those things he did gave evidence for the Copernican theory being correct. The Copernican theory is that instead of all the planets and stars revolving around the earth, the earth revolves around the sun. This made the Church angry, because it was a part of the Bible that everything revolved around the earth. You could even get murdered if you told people you believed that the Church's theory was wrong. Therefore, Galileo was very brave doing all he did for the theory.

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The Tower of Pisa, the most renowned monument in Pisa, Galileo's birthplace.

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What did he do prior to becoming a revolutionary thinker during the Scientific Revolution? 

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What did he do prior to becoming a revolutionary thinker during the Scientific Revolution? 

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According to Britannica, after Galileo started pursuing mathematics and philosophy, he started "to teach Aristotelian philosophy and mathematics, and several of his lectures have survived." (Helden). However, in 1585, he dropped out of university, and gave private lessons to people. At the same time, he "designed a new form of hydrostatic balance for weighing small quantities and wrote a short treatise, La bilancetta." (Helden). He also studied more on motion, something he would pursue for 20 more years. Overtime, Galileo's reputation grew and grew, especially once he "found some ingenious theorems on centres of gravity." (Helden). This gave him recognition, patronage from important people, and the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. However, he would be kicked out from that job due to disagreements with his colleagues about Aristotle's teachings (he didn't agree with them), and moved to the University of Padua, where be he had a larger salary.

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According to Britannica, Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy, but when he was eight, moved to Florence. Although he went back to Pisa to study medicine, Galileo realized his love for mathematics. So, against his father's wishes, Galileo make math and philosophy his profession.

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Also called 'The Father of Modern Physics', most of us know Galileo from pushing his investigation on Copernicus' theory vs. the Church's. He was an inventor and scientist who stood for what he believed in. However, during his time, his ideas were not widely accepted. In fact, he almost got executed for teaching using his theory. Galileo was far ahead his time, and people only saw his genius after he was alive.