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United States Supreme Court, Washington D.C.

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May 17, 1954: Brown v. Board of Education

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May 17, 1954: Brown v. Board of Education

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The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rules that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional, overturning the 'separate but equal' doctrine. This landmark decision becomes a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.Student Activity: Analyze the impact of this decision on education and civil rights. How did it challenge the 'separate but equal' doctrine?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Think-Pair-Share' activity to discuss the significance of this ruling.

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December 1, 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott Begins

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December 1, 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott Begins

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Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama, leading to her arrest. This act of defiance sparks the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement.Student Activity: Role-play the perspectives of different individuals involved in the boycott. How did this event impact the community and the broader movement?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Fishbowl' discussion to explore multiple viewpoints on the boycott.

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Little Rock Central High School, Arkansas

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Nine African American students, known as the Little Rock Nine, attempt to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. They face fierce resistance and require federal intervention to attend classes.Student Activity: Create a timeline of the events surrounding the Little Rock Nine. What challenges did they face, and how did the federal government respond?Teaching Strategy: Use primary source documents and images to help students understand the intensity of the situation.

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Four African American college students stage a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. This nonviolent protest sparks similar sit-ins across the South.Student Activity: Discuss the concept of nonviolent protest. How did the sit-ins challenge segregation laws and social norms?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Socratic Seminar' to explore the effectiveness of nonviolent protest strategies.

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Civil rights activists known as Freedom Riders begin bus trips through the Southern United States to protest segregation on interstate bus terminals. They face violent opposition in many cities.Student Activity: Map the route of the Freedom Rides and identify key events along the way. What challenges did the riders face?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Jigsaw' activity to have students become experts on different aspects of the Freedom Rides.

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June 11, 1963: Stand in the Schoolhouse Door

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June 11, 1963: Stand in the Schoolhouse Door

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Governor George Wallace attempts to block the integration of the University of Alabama. President Kennedy federalizes the Alabama National Guard to ensure the enrollment of two African American students.Student Activity: Compare and contrast this event with the Little Rock Nine. How had the federal response to segregation changed?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Compare and Contrast' graphic organizer to analyze the two events.

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Over 200,000 people participate in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech at the Lincoln Memorial.Student Activity: Analyze key portions of the 'I Have a Dream' speech. How did King's words capture the goals of the Civil Rights Movement?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Close Reading' strategy to deeply examine the speech's content and rhetoric.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It is considered one of the most significant legislative achievements of the Civil Rights Movement.Student Activity: Examine the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act. How did this legislation address the goals of the Civil Rights Movement?Teaching Strategy: Use a 'Gallery Walk' to explore different aspects of the Civil Rights Act and its impact.