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Social Constructivism "describes and explains teaching and learning as complex interactive social phenomena between teachers and students" (Picciano, 2017).

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"The Learning Theory of Cognitivism concentrates on how a person's mind receives, organizes, saves and retrieves information. The cognitive theory believes that the human mind functions like an information processor or computer." (Main, 2021)

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Behaviorism examine on how students behavior in their learning environments. "Behaviorism focuses on observing how students respond to certain stimuli that, when repeated, can be evaluated, quantified, and eventually controlled for each individual." (Picciano, 2017)

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Connectivism focuses on technology being a major part of the learning process and that constant connectedness gives students the opportunity to make choices about their learning.

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Online Collaboration Learning provides a model of learning in which students are encouraged and supported to work together to create knowledge (Harasim, 2012).

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Gagne's 9 steps of instruction includes gain attention from the student, inform students of the objectives, recalling prior knowledge, present content, providing guidance, eliciting performance, giving feedback, assessing, and enhances transfer.

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Discussion teaching method: This method that utilizes guided interaction to highlight a particular subject matter with the aim of facilitating the students (Omwirhiren, 2015). Discussion teaching method enhances learning by giving students room to develop their communicating skills and mental skills such as critical thinking, reflective thinking and evaluating a variety of opinions.

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Reciprocal Teaching Model: The student into the teacher. The teacher will model what they would like the student to do, then guide the student through the strategies to teach to their classmates, then the student will assume role as the teacher by leading the lesson. This process will be completed during synchronous instruction during a video conference.

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Flipped Classroom Model: The teacher will pre-record a lesson and post the recording on their learning management system for students to watch. After watching the lesson, students will complete their asynchronous assignments.

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Learning Circle Model is a model that allows students to collaborate and share ideas. The goal of a learning circle is to build, share, and express your knowledge with your group members. This model allows students to collaborate and hear the voices of other students.

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Kahoot!: Brings gamification into the online classroom.

Be Internet Awesome: Teaches students the fundamentals of digital citizenship and safety so they are able to explore the online world with confidence.

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ClassDojo: Allows teachers to keep track of positive and negative behaviors in the classroom.

Class Craft: Allows teachers to give feedback on a student's behavior in class. This feedback is immediately send to the student's parent(s).

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Thinking Time Pro: This game helps to train students' working memory, logical reasoning, flexible thinking, attention, and inhibitory control. A detailed report of performance is available after each game.

Matchmatics: This matching puzzle game tests your cognitive ability and boosting memory and visual awareness.

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Breakout Rooms: Students are able to work together in a breakout room. This will help students collect different ideas, on whatever topic is assigned by the teacher, from their classmates.

FlipGrid: Allows students to make videos about topics taught in class. Each students is able to respond to their classmate's video with a video of their own.

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Padlet: Allows teachers to create collaborative “wall" for their students to use for discussions.

Canva: Students are able to use Canva to collaborate on group assignments. Students can create and personalize their own designs on Canva.

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Pro
Behaviorism is an effective teaching strategy because it gives clear rules and expectations
Cons
Behaviorism sometimes doesn't get to the core of the behavior issue.

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Pro
Students learn from whole-group and small-group lessons. During this time, the teacher is able to observe how each student responds to the material being taught.
Con
Teachers cannot directly observe the cognitive processes of a student.

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Pro
Connectivism shifts the role of instructional designer from the teacher to each learner.  It is the responsibility of the learner to create their own learning experience.
Con
The teacher is not available which makes it difficult for students to stay motivated to learn.

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Pro
It is student-centered.

Con
It is time consuming for teachers.

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Pro
This theory enhances students' communication skills.

Con
Assessment inequalities. Assessments may be difficult to grade on group work because the grades are given for an entire group, not based off of an individual student's performance on the assessment.