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Abacus: a great new combination of educational tools 

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Abacus: a great new combination of educational tools 

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new  personal/professional tools 🧰

other’s cultural points of view / sharing values

a bit of a new soul (Czech, Portuguese, Hungarian, German, Romanian, Slovakian, etc.)

perfect combination of Classroom, city and nature

a new cultural Prague/Czesko approach.

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I've chosen two images to underline the individual aspects and the group aspects. With reference to the image of the spider I can say that the course gave me the idea that many things can be intertwined and many actions with well trained skills can permit a nice navigation through the sea of education and I think that the course give me a lot of ideas and techniques to develop my teaching ideas. With reference to the other images I want to underline the "music" that we played together, ideas and experience we shared and that can be music and beauty for our planet since we can play an important role in education and in growing up citizens of the world and we can do better together working and sharing values. The course boost my teaching approach and gave me a lots of suggestions to share and to develop with students and colleagues the same way we did here. Thank you all and thank you teacher!

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The ladybird is often seen as a symbol of good luck and transformation. Its presence can represent the positive changes and experience.
That's what happened this week, including meeting new people, immersing myself in different cultures and stepping out of my comfort zone. Just as the ladybird goes through stages of transformation, I also went through a period of continuous learning and growth.
Expanding horizons and embracing the opportunities that arise in life.

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- [ ] city ​​exploration- [ ] getting to know national cultures- [ ] learning about new online applications- [ ] language practice

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This Dixit card reflects this weeks experience for me in the sense that throughout most of the time spent with Lukasz a new seed was planted, forming new ways of thinking and the ability to look at subjects through a different lens.

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This course helped me to think outside the box and leave my comfort zone, especially when filming videos😱...It helped me to see the city as the teaching playground. The benefit were also all the warm-up activities which I will use with my students to make them less stressed and to motivate them. I will encourage them use storytelling skill to improve their language and critical thinking skills. I liked the World Cafe activity a lot, visiting places not ordinary for a regular tourist, experience what's it like to be a photographer!
I met wonderful people, highly motivated, sending good vibes and I hope to stay in touch with them.
After this course, only sky is the limit!
Thank you, Łukasz!

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The card I chose mirrors perfectly what I feel about  this week. I think all the activities proposed and the discussions we had worked as a propeller for ideas in my mind, for thinking outside the box when working with students.
This has been a very fruitful week for me.
Thank you 🙏

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This week was a real discovering experience, about Prague Culture, Politics and Sustainability. But we also have the opportunity to know differents ways to discover – and how to apply that on school. It was a good kind of exhaustion, because our minds were fully expand and ready to absorve and our walks takes our physical energy - which was totally needed to see, experience, live and learn.
I pick this card, because I believe that we all take this city, travel and experience with us, to our home and life.

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I was the bird that cathes the informations from the book.
Good experience, good story.
Thank you🙂

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The course helped me to face and overcome my fears such as story telling and filming in front of cameras. I am glad that I participated and gained new experiences. This was an exceptional experience!

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This Course awakened The artist of each one! The simple fact of asking us to free ourselves and give wings to creation, before looking for a spatial position, looking for our “place”. The place brings together, aggregates, whereas space disperses. It is important to realize that the positioning is not the most important thing, because to be a “place”, it must be a kind of “agora” where everything is revealed: the word, the discussion, the sharing, the knowledge and thus becoming a “place meeting” open!
This week has provided moments of clarity, awareness, without archaic fog and with a free spirit to understand that the world is never what we think it is. In this sense, the world around us is always work on ourselves and, in the end, we become true artists of life.

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Our week in Prague together: Cities as classrooms: Anke, Hamburg, Germany

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Our week in Prague together: Cities as classrooms: Anke, Hamburg, Germany

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The week was like a window into the world for me. Not only to look through, but also as a door (opening) to many exciting parts and aspects of "world": Lukasz, who gave a lot of himself, in his multiculturalism and shared many interesting suggestions and thus inspired the other group participants, who came from many countries and then together and individually we opened the window to Prague. It was a great, exciting, instructive and very nice week: Thank you very much!!

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A wonderful experience. The wheels kept turning! Initiating ideas. Body movement. "Forcing" to look outside the box!

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All life is a game of chess,  if you make the right more you succeed in life, but if you make the wrong move you lose Amy possbility to evolve!

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After a week of exploring the city with all of its wonders, eating in restaurants and discovering our European colleagues, we have grown.  The question is, what have we put into our satchels to take home with us?  Although the ogre in this image towers over the city, I feel far from towering over this city  and those you all have introduced me to.  You all have shown me the immense possibilities offered by Erasmus connections and Europe in general.  Thank you all for a great week and for nourishing my creativity and curiosity.

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Good team together in a nice place, interesting, new ideas, approachable.

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This week has served me to broaden my horizons in education. Getting out of my comfort zone and discovering "different" activities that have made me connect with my city and nature in a more personal and transversal way.

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I felt the magic of the creativity in my body, like a vulcano. Sharing ideas with collegues to import in my teacher life, it, s always a gift. I feel I finish this course with my mind and my heart full of ideas, life experences and really thrilled. Thank you all for do it so special. 🔥🔥🔥

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Maybe you have thought that this is a representation of Łukas trying to make us do our homewok or trying to  convince us to go up another hill… not at all!

Instead, it is something I have learnt from this guy this week in  Prague. He is a sort of Don Quixote in this educative would surrounded by many obstacles for the teachers. I have learnt that we need to keep fighting, looking for innovative ways, and working in teams. Thanks, Łukasz, it’s been a pleasure.

Thanks to all you, guys. Meeting you has been a pleasure and seeing that there are such brave and creative teachers who are willing to spend part of their holidays working has made me feel really proud of it. I have learnt from all of you and hope we can work one day together.

I will never forget you.
Jose

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Forest bathing: what it is and where to do it

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Forest bathing: what it is and where to do it

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Visit these five destinations to practice the Japanese art of forest bathing.

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A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produções above ground, on soul, or on its food source. Toadstool generally denotes one poisonous to humans.

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Task

Time: 2-4 school hours
Objective: New students in our schools find their way around and get to know our school.

1. Design a school quest with 6 puzzles about locations in our own school
2. Create a kahoot to test there newly acquired knowledge

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This is my draft of a project we have had in mind in our school. I have included de SDG that we talked about int he course.

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Check out this A4 designed by José Antonio Cárceles Aznar.

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Activity:  Creating the memes for book characters
Duration: 15 min
Description: Open the presentation software. This is in fact the most creative part of the activity. Students discuss with each other and try to find either a title, or expression or small dialogue, that summarizes its meaning for them possibly in an ironic or fun way. They write it down on the photograph page, using suitable tools. Finally they save their presentation.
Comment and like: The students look at each other’s meme creations, like and comment on them. Teacher explains rules about non-offensive comments.

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I'm a little diver who suddenly landed here on this beautiful tree in a Prague nature reserve from the depths of the Hungarian oceans. The tree is an oak. This is a large deciduous tree with heavy, hard wood, relatively small, lobed leaves and acorn-bearing fruits
The leaves of the oak have a wavy shape. It is said that an angry devil once did this, who drove into the treetop and ruffled all the leaves, so that the oak trees have lobed leaves to this day. I hope I don't meet a devil here...

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Brown Scrapbook Museum of History Infographic

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1st column: mosque-cathedral, Pepe Spaliu contemporary art, 20th century modernist painter Julio Romero de Torres museum.

2nd column: Roman temple remains and Córdoba townhall, elite’s religious school and Tendillas Sq. business site.

3rd column: traditional patios, Guadalquivir River birds protected area, southern Spain high speed train hub.

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Session plan:
Introduction to Graphic Design and Visual Fundamentals

Duration: 2 hours

Resources Required:
* Projector or large screen for presentations
* Computer with graphic design software (Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, or free alternatives such as Procreate)
* Paper, pencils, coloured pens
* Examples of posters local or relevant to Viana do Castelo

Lesson Structure:
1. introduction (15 minutes)
* Welcome to the students
* Brief personal introduction
* Objectives of the lesson

2. Fundamentals of Graphic Design (20 minutes)
* Explanation of the elements of design: line, shape, colour, texture, space and typography.
* Presentation of visual examples to illustrate each element
* Discussion on how these elements apply to graphic design in general.

3. Principles of Graphic Design (20 minutes)
* Presentation of the principles of design: balance, contrast, rhythm, hierarchy, emphasis and unity.
* Demonstration of how these principles can be applied in graphic design projects.
* Discussion on how to adapt these principles to the local culture and context.

4. Practical Activity: Promotional Poster of Viana do Castelo (40 minutes)
* Divide students into small groups
* Each group is given a theme or event related to Viana do Castelo (e.g. Folklore Festival, Medieval Fair, Jazz Festival, Sra. d'Agonia Festivities).
* Students must create a draft of a promotional poster for the event, applying the elements and principles learnt.
* The incorporation of local cultural elements can be an incentive for creativity.

5. Discussion and Feedback (15 minutes)
* Each group presents their poster and shares their design decisions.
* Constructive feedback is given by peers and the teacher/trainer.

6. Conclusion (10 minutes)
* Recap of the main points learnt
* Encouragement of continued practice and exploration of graphic design in general.
* Presentation of future classes or workshops related to the topic for application in different media.

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Lesson Plan: Emocional Education in Malaga   Andrés Quebrajo

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Lesson Plan: Emocional Education in Malaga   Andrés Quebrajo

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Target:
To learn about how express feelings
to discover Malaga's cultural and sostenibles points
Course: Any student from any school
Time: 3 hours
Resources: phone + Tiktok
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15 min: explaning the activity
120 min: recording TikTok video related with environmental Malaga's situation whitin Cultural areas and the impact of the no sostenible turism. Emotions and local people feelings must to be shown in the TikTok videocreation.
30 min: Watching all videos and make a collaborative critical assessment about the videos.
15 min: Collaborative evaluation of the activity and the real impact in student's lifes.

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Tourism lesson

For 10th-grade students (aged 15-16)

Topic: Comparing Baroque and Neoclassical Styles

Duration: 90 minutes

Required tools: phone, internet connection, laptop
Location: Historical downtown of Eger and classroom
Activity: Students work in groups to create presentation videos and photos about the characteristics of Baroque and Neoclassical architecture. They present these to the others.
Following that, based on the acquired knowledge, they create a Kahoot quiz for the class.

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Malaga Cultural and Sostenibles Points Andrés Quebrajo

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Malaga Cultural and Sostenibles Points Andrés Quebrajo

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Photography in the city: your building

Duration: 30min in the field + 1h in post-production

Each student must capture 5-15 photographs of windows, doors and other parts that they consider important in representing the architecture of the city, so that later, through collage or montage, building a single building that represents all aspects of the city.

The student should finish with a short general description about some of the details that he selected and captured to justify his final project.

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Lesson Plan by Patrizia
English Class
Grade Level: Students aged 14 – First year of the secondary school, plurilinguism
Time: 50 minutes
Objectives: develop students’ ability to speak fluently and interactively; develop oracy
Warm up activity: a)storytelling name and surname b) after the storytelling each students represent his/her name using a type of visualization ( photo, drawing, collages, etc…)
Main activity: students are divided in small groups, each group receive the name of a city and research information about the origin of the name and one or two symbol of the city, symbols can be artworks, monuments, environmental aspect, each group of students create a “City quest” and challenge other groups. The results are then uploaded in a Padlet and discussed together.
Fast finishers prepare a reel presenting the origin of the name of the city they guessed
Using Mentimeter students rate the activity

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Sustainable destinations in the world...

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DAY 2 activity
6th Grade (1st year of Middle School)
Objective:  Discover the class rules
Place: Computer Lab
Resources Needed:  Padlet/Meme maker/Worksheet with 3 boxes/ Lists of possible rules (students with difficulties)

As the second day of school with the 6th grade class is dedicated to getting to know the class rules, I will have them come up with the rules for the class.

Instructions:

I.  WRITE (on the worksheetp) three rules that we must follow to have a good class.
-If students have trouble coming up with ideas, they will be handed some.

II.  USE the meme generator to find an image that represents ONE of the rules you have written.  ADD the rule.

III.  SAVE your Meme to the PADLET

CLASS 3
During the next class period, the teacher will hand out a printout of the different MEMEs (corrected) and the students will CLASSIFY them.

From the classification activity, the class will determine which rules are most important for our learning community. For each rule, the class with vote on the best MEME.

The best meme for each rule will be printed and posted above the whiteboard in the classroom for the school year.

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I am studying Trifolium pratense, also known as meadow clover, violet clover, red clover and cow clover, is one of 250 species of the genus Trifolium and belongs to the family Leguminosae. This herbaceous species is considered a perennial winter forage plant.

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The photography basics are fundamental for anyone who is beginning to work in photography.

Regardless of your interests, gear, or goals, having a solid foundation of the main concepts of photography is key to capturing better images and improving your photography.

However, things are not easy when you start off; What are the photography basics? Which are the fundamental concepts of digital photography? What's the best way to learn the basic elements?

I was in that position too, and I know that it's hard. There are plenty of photography basics articles online, but the information is often incomplete or displayed in a non-logical order.

For that reason, I decided to create this beginner's photography guide to learning the basics.

Ready to learn the digital photography basics?

Basic concepts of photography

We'll dive into each photography concept below but, in a nutshell, these are the main photography basics:

Below you'll find all these photography basics explained.

Apart from this information, the best way to learn the basics is to check the specific article that you'll find at the end of each photography concept. You can also download this photography basics guide as a PDF if you're interested.

I promise that if you follow this beginner's photography guide, you'll learn and master all the photography fundamentals in a flash!

1. Exposure - The main element of photography

Exposure is the most important photography basic and the first photography concept that you need to understand.

You've probably heard before the expression "photography is painting with light", and it's completely true! Photography is about capturing light, and exposure is so important because it's the amount of light collected by your camera.

The photography exposure basics are composed of different elements that we'll discuss below like the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. The fundamental thing to understand is the effect of exposure, which is to capture the image with a determined brightness (this is also called "Exposure Value").

Ideally, the image should be correctly exposed, that is, with the perfect amount of brightness where you can see all the detail in the highlights and the shadows. However, in photography exposure there's no right or wrong, and the artistic choice of many photographers is to capture an underexposed or overexposed image. For now, we'll focus on the elements to capture a correct exposure.

Exposure basics also has other effects on the final look of the image like the depth of field, the motion, and the digital noise. We'll also get into this throughout this photography basics tutorial.

Below, you can see a photography basics infographic with the main effect of exposure on an image.

Not clear enough? Check out our guide to photography exposure!

2. Aperture - A fundamental concept in photography

Aperture is the first concept of the photography exposure basics.

In brief, the aperture works like our pupils; it's the opening of the camera lens, which controls the amount of light that goes through the lens to the camera sensor.

This basic photography concept has a direct effect on the exposure; the wider the aperture the brighter the image will be, and the narrower the aperture the darker it will be. It also plays a significant role in the depth of field and sharpness of the image.

The max. and min. aperture of the lens is defined by a value known as "F-stop". The larger the F-stop number is, the smaller/narrower the aperture and vice versa. This number follows a sequence like this:

The best aperture camera settings will depend on the light, the subject that you're shooting, and the final look that you want in your image.

You can see all the main effects of this exposure setting in the below photography basics cheat sheet for aperture.

Interested in learning more about aperture with some real examples? Click below and check out our Guide to photography aperture!

3. Shutter Speed - A key element for beginner photography

The second photography fundamental related to exposure basics is the shutter speed.

In short, shutter speed is related to how long the camera shutter is open and capturing light.

This has a significant impact on the exposure; a shorter shutter speed will translate into a darker image whereas a longer shutter speed will capture a brighter image.

Shutter speed is also a photography fundamental for capturing motion, something vital in some genres like long exposure photography. It also has an effect on the camera shakiness and the possibility of shooting handheld vs. the need for using a tripod.

The main way to measure shutter speed is using seconds and fractions of a second following a sequence like this:

The best shutter speed settings will depend on the available light and the motion that you want to capture in your subject.

You can see the main effects of this setting in the below photography basics chart related to shutter speed:

Want to find more information and examples? Check our complete guide to shutter speed!

4. ISO - A must in any beginner's photography guide

The last of the exposure photography basics is the ISO.

In short, the ISO works by increasing the light information captured by the camera sensor.

Apart from exposure, ISO has a major side effect called " digital noise ". As you increase the ISO, your image will be brighter but will also have more digital noise, which is an important element related to the quality of the image.

The ISO number is usually measured using " ISO levels ", which follows this sequence:

The main ISO camera settings will depend on the available light. If you're shooting in low-light or night environments, you'll have to use a higher ISO if you want to capture the right exposure. The same applies if you want to use a narrow aperture or fast shutter speed and there's not enough light. You'll have to strike a balance with the other photography basics. This might seem complex but it's rather easy as you'll see in the next photography concept.

You can see all the ISO effects in the following photography basics cheat sheet.

Would you like to master ISO? Check out our Guide to ISO in digital photography!

5. Exposure triangle - the secret to understanding the photography basics

Once you understand the photography basics of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, it's time to put them all together!

The best way to see how these elements interact with each other is through the exposure triangle.

For instance, if you open your aperture, you'll have to either reduce the shutter speed or decrease the ISO to achieve the same amount of brightness (exposure level).

Using the exposure triangle is one of the best basic photography tips for beginners, and once you understand it, it's very easy to put it into practice.

To make things easier, below you can find a photography basics cheat sheet with the exposure triangle analogy.

You can find an in-depth guide full of examples in our exposure triangle guide!

6. Depth of field - A basic concept in photography

One of the fundamentals of digital photography is the depth of field.

In short, depth of field is simply the space in the image that is acceptably sharp and in focus.

In photography, we can say that there's a shallow depth of field when just a narrow portion of the frame is acceptably sharp, whereas we speak about a large depth of field when a big portion of the frame is considered to be in focus.

Depth of field is affected by many different factors:

Aperture: The wider the aperture, the shallower the depth of field

Focal length: The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field

Focusing distance: The closer the subject to the lens, the shallower the depth of field

Sensor size: The smaller the camera sensor size, the shallower the depth of field (*using the same focal length).

A good way to calculate the depth of field is by using a depth of field app or calculator. It'll tell you the portion of your frame that will be reasonably sharp according to your camera, lens, and aperture.

The best way to understand this photography concept is through real examples, which you can find in our depth of field photography guide.

7. Focal length - photography lens basics

Focal length is related to the photography lens basics.

It's a vital photography concept to understand for creating your images and choosing the lenses that you'll need in your gear.

For example, shorter focal lengths like wide-angle lenses will have a wide-angle of view, whereas longer focal lengths like telephotos will have a narrower angle of view. The focal length will also create different effects, like distortion in wide angles of view, and magnification in narrower angles of view.

All these elements are essential for anyone who is beginning in photography since it will affect the final look of your subject and image.

You'll find this photography concept easily explained following the below basic infographic.

You can also find more info and examples of images taken with different focal lengths in our focal length guide!

8. Sensor size - A good photography fundamental to learn

Another photography fundamental for beginners that often goes overlooked is the camera sensor size.

The camera sensor size is truly important. There's not an absolute best sensor size in photography, but rather different sensor sizes for different photographic needs.

The size used as a reference in digital photography is the classic 35 mm sensor size, also known as Full-Frame. If the sensor is smaller than this size, it's said to be " cropped", and if it's bigger, it's considered " medium format. " Knowing the different types of sensors, their qualities, and what they can achieve, is also crucial to taking the pictures that you want.

The focal length is also important since smaller sensors will offer more reach and greater magnification for shooting subjects far away like in wildlife or sports.

The depth of field is the last effect of the camera sensors. Using the same field of view, the depth of field will be narrower in cameras with larger sensors and larger in cameras with cropped sensors. An example is portrait photography, where photographers usually shoot with larger sensors to decrease the depth of field and bokeh effect.

As you can see, understanding the sensor size is one of those photography basics that you must pay attention to.

Below you can see a photography basic cheat sheet with the main types of sensors in the market.

If you want to learn more about this and see examples taken with different sensors, check our guide to camera sensor size!

9. Focus - An essential concept to master

Focusing is one of the most common struggles for anyone beginning in photography.

Briefly, focusing consists of adjusting the lens to find the maximum sharpness, contrast, and resolution for a chosen subject.

There are two ways to focus in digital photography:

Manual focus: Using your hands to tweak the focus ring until you get to the best focus.

Automatic focus: Using the camera's and lenses' internal motors to focus on a given subject.

Using manual focus or autofocus will depend on the type of photography that you do. For instance, in some genres like macro and night photography, it's better to use manual focus. Yet, in other genres, like wildlife or sports, autofocus is faster and will make things easier.

In some genres like landscape photography, you can focus on a specific distance that will help you achieve the maximum depth of field (or reasonable sharpness). This is called the Hyperfocal distance and it's one of the best photography basics to learn. There are also more advanced techniques to achieve maximum sharpness like focus stacking that you can apply if you already have some experience.

Talking about cameras, these are very different in terms of their focusing capabilities. Basic cameras usually have worse focusing capabilities like fewer focus points, and they are less reliable, while advanced cameras have a better focusing capacity even in low-light situations.

Most digital cameras include different focus modes and areas that we'll cover in the photography basic settings below.

This photography basics infographic breaks down the main differences between Manual Focus vs. Autofocus.

You can learn how to focus and find 10 tips for focusing in our guide to focusing in photography.

10. Sharpness - The vital photography basic for better quality

Sharpness is a basic photography concept that can be more technical than others, but it's rather easy to understand.

In a nutshell, sharpness is just how clearly detail is captured and processed in an image.

There are many factors affecting the sharpness of an image, like the sensor resolution, the lens, and even some photography basics that we already covered like the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

The editing basics and post-processing techniques are also important to achieve more sharpness. Images usually lack detail when they are taken straight out of camera (something called "softness" in photography), and you can correct this by using some sharpening software.

Lastly, the viewing distance is another important factor affecting sharpness. By definition, the perception of sharpness increases as the viewing distance of the image grows. That's why billboards have a very small resolution when looked at closely.

I highly encourage you to dive more into this photography concept by following our sharpening article and our guide with 30 tips to take sharper photos.

11. Camera Settings - Basic photography settings

Once you understand the basic photography concepts, it's time to put them into practice using the main photography settings on camera!

In short, these are the best camera settings for anyone starting in photography:

1. Aperture: f/1.8-f/5.6 in low light or for a narrower depth of field, and f/8-f/16 for a wider DoF

2. Shutter Speed: From 30 seconds to 1/4000thof a second depending on the scene

3. ISO: 100-3200 in entry-level cameras, and 100-6400 in more advanced cameras

4. Camera Mode: Manual camera mode or Aperture-priority mode

5. Metering Mode: Matrix/Multi/Evaluative depending on your camera model

6. Focus Mode: AF-S for stills and AF-C for moving subjects

7. Focus Area: Single-point for stills and Dynamic/Zone for moving subjects

8. White Balance: Automatic WB

9. File Format: Raw File (or JPEG if you don't want to edit your pictures)

10. Drive Mode: Single shooting for stills and continuous for moving subjects

11. Long exposure noise reduction: Off

12. High ISO noise reduction: Off

13. Color Space: sRGB

14. Image stabilization: On when shooting handheld and Off when shooting from a tripod

15. HDR/DRO: Off

We have a dedicated guide to basic camera settings for beginners where you can learn all the above buttons, dials, and functions on your camera.

12. Camera Modes - The basics to make the most of your camera

Understanding camera modes is one of the basics in photography to help you familiarize yourself with your camera and improve as a photographer.

To put it simply, camera modes are the camera controls that allow the photographer to choose the main exposure settings for aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

They're also called " shooting modes, " and these are the main modes available in most digital cameras:

Program Camera mode ("P Mode"): Using this mode, the camera automatically sets the shutter speed and aperture.

Shutter Priority Mode ("Tv/S Mode"): You set the shutter speed and the camera selects the aperture.

Aperture Priority Mode ("Av/A Mode"): You set the aperture and the camera sets the shutter speed.

Manual Camera Mode ("M Mode"): You set all the main settings on camera.

Using each mode will depend on your subject and your photographic skills, but generally, learning when to use the different camera modes is basic photography knowledge.

You can find more information and examples in our camera modes guide for beginners.

13. Metering Modes - The fundamental lighting concepts

Another photography fundamental for starters is the metering modes.

Understanding how light works in photography is a basic concept that any photographer must know, and it's the first step in learning the different ways your camera can calculate the light of the scene.

These are the basic metering modes to calculate the light in most digital cameras:

Multi/Matrix metering: This mode evaluates the light of the entire scene by dividing the frame into different zones.

Center-weighted metering: This mode uses the center of the frame to measure the light of the scene.

Spot metering: Using this mode, the camera uses a single focus point to read the light.

By default, one of the basic photography techniques in any DSLR or mirrorless camera is to use Multi/Matrix metering, which will be accurate in most situations. However, in some particular scenarios, you might benefit from using either Center or Spot metering.

You can check out some examples in the below photography basics infographic related to the main camera metering modes.

If you want to dive into each specific mode and more examples, check out our dedicated guide to metering modes!

14. Focus Modes & Areas - Photography basics for any genre

You can't learn the photography basics without understanding how the focus modes and areas work.

The focus modes help you decide whether you want the camera to lock the focus on a subject or to keep adjusting the focus as the subject moves across the frame.

The two main focus modes are:

Single Autofocus Mode (AF-S/One-shot AF): The camera locks the focus on a subject and, if the subject moves, you'll have to press the focus button again and repeat the process.➜ Best for stills, landscape, macro, astro, etc.

Continuous Autofocus Mode (AF-C/AI-Servo): After focusing, the camera will track the subject when it moves within the frame. ➜ Best for action, wildlife, sports, street, etc.

Moving into the focus areas, these will help you set where the camera seeks to focus within a scene.

To do this, your camera uses different focus points and AI technology. In some genres, using a specific focus area is fundamental. That's why the focus areas are one of the wildlife photography basics and it's also vital in other genres like sport or street photography.

In a nutshell, these are the main focus areas in photography:

Single Point Area Mode: You can select a single focus point. ➜ Best for landscape, still portraits, macro, and architecture.

Dynamic Area Mode: If your subject moves, your camera will use several focus points to track it. ➜ Best for wildlife, sports, and street.

Auto Area Mode: The camera automatically decides the best focus points. ➜ Best for scenes where you need to focus on something easy and close to the camera.

This camera basics infographic will give you a better understanding of the different focus areas.

The best way to learn this photography basic is by seeing real examples. You can see plenty in our Focus Modes & Areas article!

15. White Balance - A must in any photography guide

White balance is one of those easy to understand photography basics.

Briefly, white balance is a photography concept aimed at capturing accurate colors in your image without being affected by the color of the light source. White Balance is related to color temperature, which is measured in "Kelvins" or "K". The higher the K number, the cooler the color will be.

In your camera, you'll have several white balance options:

Automatic white balance (AWB): The camera automatically adjusts the best WB camera setting.

White balance Presets (Semi-Automatic White Balance): The camera includes different preset modes related to different color temperatures.

White balance manual camera setting (Custom white balance mode): You can manually adjust the white balance by either creating a custom white balance or setting a specific Kelvin number.

One of the best photography basic tips is to set the white balance to automatic. Thankfully, the white balance is a setting that you can change in post-processing without affecting the quality of the image, as long as you shoot in Raw.

I hope this photography basics cheat sheet helps you learn when to use the different white balance adjustments.

You can find more info & examples in our basic guide to white balance!

16. Histogram - Understand the exposure basics

In a few words, the histogram is just a graphic representation of the exposure levels within an image. Using the histogram, you'll be able to see a more accurate representation of the highlights and shadows of your image.

Reading the histogram is one of the basics in digital photography and will help you see if your image is correctly exposed or under/overexposed.

This photography basics infographic will help you understand how to read the histogram.

I also created a specific article where I talk about the best histogram and show real examples of histograms in photography. You can check it out below.

17. Composition - An indispensable photography basic

Beyond photography settings, gear, and other technical aspects, if you want your pictures to speak for themselves, one of the photography basics to master is the composition.

Composition is the language of photography, and using different compositional elements and rules, you'll be able to capture and shape your visual message. When you compose your image, you have to arrange the elements of the scene to make them attractive to the viewer. This will also help you represent your visual message in the most harmonious and impactful way.

Composition can be broken down into different parts:

Elements: Like leading lines, curves, geometric shapes, colors, etc.

Techniques: Like symmetry, balance, repetition, patterns, scale, etc.

All these fundamentals are basic photography knowledge that you must learn if you want to capture the best possible images according to your vision.

You can start by checking our guide with the 25 photography composition basics.

18. Photography gear - Camera and lens basics

Basic photography gear includes the following elements:

Digital cameras: The basic is a digital camera, and preferably it's a DSLR or mirrorless camera with interchangeable lenses. (You can see the different types in our DSLR vs. mirrorless guide).

When you shoot in low-light, like when photographing the Milky Way, certain camera models will help you get better results. You can see different models in our guide to cameras for Milky way photography.

Lenses: They are as equally important as cameras to shoot quality images.

The photography lens basics include a wide range from fish-eye lenses of 7-8 mm to super-telephoto lenses like 600-800 mm.

The type of lens and focal length will depend entirely on the type of photography that you're doing. In most scenarios, your images will be in the range from 14-400 mm.

The brightness of the lens is also crucial. Lenses with a large aperture, like f/1.8 or f/2.8, are usually aimed at shooting portraits and low-light photography like astrophotography. These are called "fast lenses". You can see some of these in our article on the best lenses for night photography.

Lens filters: These types of filters will allow you to create long exposures and to achieve creative effects in your images. There are many different types and models that you can take a look at in our guide to camera lens filters.

Others: There are many other pieces of gear like camera bags, SD cards, batteries, etc., and others that you might need depending on your shooting, like flashesand external lights, photography gloves, star trackers, etc.

This basic photography concept deserves its own article, which you can find below.

19. Editing - Photography editing basics

One of the last photography basics consists of the final editing and processing of our images.

The photography editing basics are about striking a balance in the exposure between the highlights and the shadows, sharpening the image, managing the color, and generally fine-tuning the final image.

Some photographers also use post-processing to create artistic effects that can represent their vision. This, of course, depends on your personal taste, but editing and processing are photography fundamentals that you need to know to have well-rounded images.

For anyone beginning in photography, I always recommend checking editing video tutorials online from photographers they like and admire. It's one of the best ways to be engaged in learning the editing basics.

20. Photography tips for beginners - The ultimate tips for beginning in photography

We couldn't finish this photography concepts guide without a few photography basics tips and tricks for beginners.

1. Understand how light in photography works

2. Get started in photography by shooting in Raw

3. Don't be afraid of the camera's manual mode

4. Learn how to properly hold your camera

5. Be aware of the importance of a tripod when you start in photography

6. Take your time to zoom in on your images to find mistakes

7. Study and look at as many photographs as possible

8. Ask for feedback from other photographers

9. Take your camera with you as much as you can

10. Focus on the process, not the results

I explain these and 15 more photography basic tips in our article on the best 25 tips for beginners!

Conclusion

Learning the photography basics can look like an uphill task. There are too many photography concepts to understand, and so much information can be overwhelming at first.

However, I'm sure that using this beginner's photography guide will make the process easier for you. My advice is to learn the main photography fundamentals one by one. Understand the theory, check the examples, and most importantly, try to put them into practice!

I hope that this photography basics tutorial along with all the infographics and specific articles will help you along the way. Remember that you can also download our photography basics PDF guide so you can check it out anywhere in the future 😉

My last tip for anyone beginning in photography is not to be shy, so if you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments!

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Photography Basics - A Beginner's Photography Guide

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The photography basics are key if you're beginning in photography. Learn the basic concepts of photography and how to put them into practice!

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George Lucas Educational Foundation

The benefits of movement in the classroom aren't limited to younger students. Pairing new words and concepts with gestures or dance moves locks in understanding-and active brain breaks prime students to learn even more.

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A free source of information, inspiration, and practical strategies for learning and teaching in preK-12 education.

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Mini Transilvania Park

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Jose A Cárceles

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Plant Superpowers: How They Adapt and Survive Education Infographic in Green White Neat Collage Style

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Check out this Infographic designed by José Antonio Cárceles Aznar.

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Session Plan:
Cultural Treasure Hunt: Discovering the Art of Braga

Duration: 4 hours.

Goals:

Promote the appreciation of local art and culture in Braga.

Encourage teamwork and puzzle solving.

Provide an interactive and fun experience for attendees.

Necessary resources:

An outdoor space or venue with relevant cultural landmarks in Braga (e.g. squares, monuments, art galleries, museums).

Mobile devices with internet access for research (optional).

Lists of questions and riddles related to art and culture.

Session Steps:

Introduction (15 minutes):

Welcome to the students/participants and explanation of the purpose of the activity:
explore the art and culture of Braga through a treasure hunt.

Division of students into teams (3-5 people per team).

Brief explanation of the game rules and distribution of lists of questions and riddles.

Exploration (180 minutes):

The teams set off to explore the site, following the clues and riddles that will guide them to cultural and artistic landmarks in Braga.

Each clue or riddle leads to a different location where participants will learn about an aspect of the city's art or culture.

At each location, teams need to answer questions related to the art, history, or culture of that spot, and complete a related task (for example, taking a creative photo of a sculpture).

Snack break (15 minutes):

Provide a break for participants to relax, share their experiences so far, and prepare for the second part of the scavenger hunt.

Final Challenges (30 minutes):

Teams continue the quest, solving the last riddles to reach the "final treasure" - it could be a special location or a symbolic prize.

When all the teams reach their final destination, experiences will be shared and responses will be reviewed.

Announcement of the winning team based on correct answers and time.

Closing (10 minutes):

Brief discussion on the cultural and artistic aspects learned during the activity.

Encouraging participants to continue to explore and appreciate the art and culture of Braga.

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Quercus palustrisPin Oak Tree (Quercus palustris), also known as the Pink Oak, is a tree plant that is indigenous to the Southeast, Northeast, and Southwest. 

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Quercus palustris

This tree will probably light up your home (or garden) with its green foliage since it is best known for its quick growth and minimal care requirements. But for it to flourish, you must learn how to properly care for it. The Pin Oak grows quite quickly in both size and growth, which is challenging for any plant aficionado. It is important to keep in mind that it will develop in a beautiful pyramidal form when creating your garden landscaping ideas.Fall causes the leaves of pin oaks to turn yellow or orange-red. Like other oaks, this one can survive the winter with its leaves still attached. Pin oaks provide stunning greenery from spring to winter. Early in the spring, it will produce blooms that are both male and female and persist for around two weeks.

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Hello!
My name is Stelo and I come from very far away planet. I have a sore throat. I came accros this plant. It is Plantago Major and it is used by humans to heal this problem of mine. Hope it works! 🤞

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Pin Oak Tree (Quercus palustris), also known as the Pink Oak, is a tree plant that is indigenous to the Southeast, Northeast, and Southwest regions of the United States and is rather well- known. This tree will probably light up your home (or garden) with its green foliage since it is best known for its quick growth and minimal care requirements. But for it to flourish, you must learn how to properly care for it. The Pin Oak grows quite quickly in both size and growth, which is challenging for any plant aficionado. It is important to keep in mind that it will develop in a beautiful pyramidal form when creating your garden landscaping ideas.Fall causes the leaves of pin oaks to turn yellow or orange-red. Like other oaks, this one can survive the winter with its leaves still attached. Pin oaks provide stunning greenery from spring to winter.

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Tourism/sustainability dilemma in Córdoba 

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Tourism/sustainability dilemma in Córdoba 

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About ustainability in Hamburg, Germany

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Alsike clover is a perennial plant with a semi-erect, sparsely branched, grooved stem, hairy in its upper regions. The leaves are alternate and stalked with small stipules. The leaves have three blunt-tipped ovate, unspotted leaflets with finely toothed margins.

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Hémérocallis fulva is very widely grown as an ornamental plant in temperate climates for its showy flowers and easy cultivation. It is not a true lily, genetically speaking, but is called lily from the superficial similarity to Lilium. Each flower lasts only one day.
Characteristics:
Plan type: herbaceous perennial
Genus: hémérocallis
Sun exposure: full
Soil type: 5.5/7.0
Bloom time: July to August
Color: tawny orange
Native area: China, Japan
Planting time: spring

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Today I have come across the strangest plant form yet. These are what the earthlings call ´cattails'´ (typha angustifolia in one of the ancient languages of this strange land). Apparently they resemble an appendage on the rear end of a gigantic carnivorous beast (cat) which roams these lands. The specimens found here are growing in water. It seems that the brown tip is actually a type of flower.

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The brief analysis of the found flora suggests that it is a flower of a plant named in one of the local languages trifolium rapens. It's a plant that grows for many years that comes from Europe, Asia and Northern Africa but spread across the entire planet. Appears both naturally and is treated as a crop.

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About sustainability in Hungary