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Null Hypothesis

The concentration of sugar and water does not affect the percentage of mass change in the potatoes.

Alternate Hypothesis

The concentration of sugar and water does affect the percentage of mass change in the potatoes.

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How does germination affect the respiration in mung beans?

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Does light affect CO₂ levels in a closed container of spinach leaves?

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Null Hypothesis

If the traps are placed near the water area then the biodiversity will not increase.

Alternate Hypothesis

If the traps are placed near the water area then the biodiversity will increase.

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How does proximity to water affect biodiversity??

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Does the type of water affect the growth of duckweed??

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Null Hypothesis

If the type of water is changed (Saltwater, community park water, filtered water, and tap water) it will not affect the growth of the duckweed.

Alternate Hypothesis

If the type of water is changed then it will affect the growth of the duckweed.

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Prompt: Does the type of water affect the growth of duckweed??

The type of water does affect the growth of duckweed as there are different amounts of nutrients in the water. High levels of nutrients mean more duckweed and fewer amounts of nutrients mean less duckweed. For example, ranging between 15 to 20 leaves of duckweed, community park water has the highest amount of duckweed. In contrast, tap water comes last because of its low nutrient levels and healthy water conditions, which is again proven by the chart above, as it has almost 5 to no duckweed leaves. This shows that the type of water does affect the growth of duckweed.

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Duckweed lab Line Graph

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1.) Fill cups with water

2.) Mark waterline

3.) Add duckweed

4.) Observe

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Cut two strings

Tie the strings on the trap

Take off the paper protecting the glue on the paper

Hang traps on the plants or trees

Identify plants or trees using the Seek app and note down the species of the plants or trees.

Take traps down and identify the organisms cached on the traps using the Seek app and calculate biodiversity

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Richness and Abundance table of the different locations tested

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Simpson's Diversity Index table for the different locations tested

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Graph comparing the abundance and richness in each location (Hill, Marsh, and Bridge)

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Graph comparing the Simpson's Diversity Index for each location (Hill, Marsh, and Bridge) tested.

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Prompt: How does proximity to water affect biodiversity??

Proximity to water affects biodiversity. In other words, the closer an area is to the water, the more biodiversity it has. This can be proven by Simpson's Biodiversity graph, as we can see a consistent increase in the numbers the closer the locations get to the water. For example, the hill area has a score of 0.72, then the marsh area has a score of 0.76, and the bridge area, which is the closest to the water, has a score of 0.84. This shows a consistent increase in biodiversity because the hill was the farthest location from the water, and it has the lowest Simpson's Diversity Index score (0.72), whereas the closest location, the bridge, has the largest score (0.84) compared to the other two.

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Null Hypothesis

If the spinach leaves are placed in sunlight the CO₂ levels will not be affected.

Alternate Hypothesis

If the spinach leaves are placed in sunlight the CO₂ levels will be affected.

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Light Lab

Put 15 spinach leaves in a container

Connect CO₂ sensor to Chromebook

Stick the sensor into the container

Put the container/sensor under sunlight

Record the CO₂ levels

Dark Lab

Put the 15 spinach leaves in a container

Cover the container with foil paper

Stick the sensor (Make sure it's connected to the Chromebook) in the container

Put it under sunlight (for constant temp)

Record the CO₂ levels

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CO2 Levels in the light (Control vs. Leaves in the light)

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CO2 Levels in the dark. (Control vs. Leaves in the dark)

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Prompt: Does light affect CO₂ levels in a closed container of spinach leaves?

Light does affect CO₂ levels in a closed container of spinach leaves. Light does this by being a crucial player in the photosynthesis process. This happens when photosynthesis occurs and the light energy is used by the plant to convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen. We can see this is proven by the graphs above as when the container with spinach leaves is placed in the dark, the average amount of CO2 levels is 343.5 which shows us that photosynthesis did not occur as there was no light for the leaves to do so, whereas when the leaves were placed under sunlight the graph shows us that the average amount of CO2 levels is -309.5, which again proves that photosynthesis did happens in that container and the CO2 levels went down because of the presence of light over the leaves.

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Null Hypothesis

Germination does not affect the respiration rate of the mung beans.

Alternate Hypothesis

Germination does affect the respiration rate of mung beans.

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Put one set of beans in the container

Stick the CO₂ sensor and connect it to your device

Repeat the same thing with the other set of beans

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The graph shows the rate of change of CO₂ rates.

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Germination does affect the respiration rate of mung beans because germinating beans have more metabolism as they are germinating and need the nutrients to survive which they get from their parent plant as the nutrients they need are stored inside of them and they use that up by respiration which helps them grow and the respiration rate is increased.

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1. Make potato cores.

2. Weight the potato cores and note the mass down.

3. Soak the cores in the respective sugar and water concentrations.

4. Leave the cores for 24 hours.

5. Take the cores out of the concentration and dry them.

6. Weight the dry cores and note down the mass.

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Graph of class average of the potato lab

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The sugar and water concentration does affect the percentage of mas change in potatoes because osmosis is occurring. We can see osmosis occurring because, in the cup with 0.4 sugar concentration, we see that the average mass change is -10.6, while in the cup with 0.2 sugar concentration, the average mass change is 6.6. This shows that osmosis occurred because the 0.2 sugar concentration cup was hypotonic, meaning it had less sugar than the potato; knowing this, the water will have a net reaction towards the potato because it has more sugar than the concentration, increasing the mass of the potato. The 0.4 sugar concentration cup has a negative mass change because the water inside of the potato has a net reaction towards the concentration because the concentration has more sugar than the potato, which means the

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Does sugar and water concentration affect the percentage of mass change in potatoes??