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The Mary Rose is a carrack-type (Sailing ship) warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII.
She served for 33 years in several wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany.
After being substantially rebuilt in 1536.
She led the attack on the galleys of a French invasion fleet, but sank in the Solent, the strait north of the Isle of Wight.

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In 1487 Henry VII's enemies of the House of York had crowned a pretender and raised a small army along the Cumbrian coast with the intention of stripping the crown.
Henry VII defeated them at East Stoke.
This was the last battle of the Wars of the Roses.

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The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain.
His orders were to sail up the English Channel, link up with the Duke of Parma in Flanders, and escort an invasion force that would land in England and overthrow Elizabeth I.
Its purpose was to reinstate Catholicism in England, end support for the Dutch Republic, and prevent attacks by English and Dutch privateers against Spanish interests in the Americas.
The Spanish were opposed by an English fleet based in Plymouth.

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Mary was weak and ill from May 1558.
In pain, possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer, she died on 17 November 1558, aged 42, at St James's Palace, during an influenza epidemic that also claimed Archbishop Pole's life later that day.

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Suddenly, however, in the winter of 1552 the young sovereign fell ill, perhaps of tuberculosis, and after a long agony he died on 6 July 1553 in Greenwich, at the age of 15.

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In 1544, despite obesity, due to poor nutrition, in recent years the sovereign weighed about 180 kg for 185 cm in height, the worsening of diabetes.
The last few years were marked by an unstoppable physical and mental decline.
He died in 1547 in the palace of Whitehall.

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She saw her last action on 19 July 1545.

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His death was due to tuberculosis.
Henry was buried in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth of York.
Both Henry and Elizabeth are depicted in tomb images.  These images show them with their hands folded in prayer, a reference to their piety.

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Henry VII Tudor was the first king of the Tudor dynasty.
By marrying Elizabeth of York, he reconciled the two houses of Lancaster and York and ended the Wars of the Roses.
During his reign he created a new power and balance in England.

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Elizabeth I died on March 24, 1603 and was Queen of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 until her death.
According to some historians, the queen's death was caused by the daily use of the "Venetian ceruso", a lead carbonate-based cosmetic very popular at the time and used to whiten her face.

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Henry VIII single-handedly decided that his first marriage could be annulled and, on 25 January 1533, he married Anne Boleyn.
In July came the excommunication from the Holy See for Henry VIII, who, as a reaction, founded the Anglican Church.

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When his father died, at the age of 18, Henry succeeded to the throne as Henry VII.
The new ruler consolidated the kingdom:
he reduced the power of high-ranking aristocratic sons and relied on the support of the provincial gentry, gentry, landowners.

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November 17, 1558, on the death of Mary from a tumor, Elizabeth ascended the throne.
She was crowned on January 15, 1559.
The English Renaissance is personified by the great figure of Queen Elizabeth I.
The so-called golden age corresponds broadly to her reign (1558-1603) and marks the historical debut of England as a great power.

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By virtue of this, Edward VI died, Mary became queen, despite the opposition of the Protestant party of the Duke of Northumberland, who wanted to replace her with Jane Grey.
He entered London triumphant and was able to show himself moderate in the act of re-establishing the Catholic cult.

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On the death of Henry VIII he was succeeded by his only son, Edward VI, who reigns already a minor and only for Sanni (for which the government is managed by the crown council);
the main aspect of his reign is that of having made the Anglican Church's transition towards theological positions of the Protestant type more incisive.