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Communism in Vietnam has resulted in the violation of citizens' rights. In the 1980s, an economic crisis resulted in Vietnam's communism being softened by economic and political reforms. Private enterprise and forgiven investment were encouraged. This resulted in Vietnam becoming a popular global exporter of products, such as nuts and coffee. Entrepreneurial and private ventures are now encouraged.

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Vietnam's government, run by the Communist Party, strictly controls its people.  The government restricts freedom of expression including beliefs, religion, and much more. For example, the government prohibits the operation of privately owned media outlets. There is strict control over television stations and printed publications, along with access to websites and social media. Blogs are frequently shut down.

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There are numerous issues in Vietnam. The government strongly restricts freedom of expression, association, peaceful assembly, movement, and religion. The rights of women and children are also limited.  For example, the government restricts religious practice through surveillance and legislation. Religious groups can express themselves only with approval from the government. If approved, the groups operate with government-controlled management boards. The government bans religious activities that oppose the "public order." The police do not hesitate to hurt and harass religious groups that do not operate inside the government. The religious groups that rebel against the government are sentenced to imprisonment, torture, and much more.

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Vietnam has had numerous successes with its political system, economy, health, social welfare, and education diplomacy. For example, Vietnam's education stresses equality. Numerous boarding schools for ethnic minority students have been built. The government also features a supporting policy for education, such as exemptions for tuition fees for those unable to pay.
However, Vietnam has numerous human rights violations and problems, which are not properly addressed.

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Võ Thị Ánh Xuân is the current president of Vietnam. She was elected Vice President on April 6, 2021, but after the resignation of  Nguyen Xuan Phuc on January 18, 2023, she became the contemporary president. Võ Thị Ánh Xuân is a member of the Party Central Committee, Secretary of the Party Committee of An Giang province, and head of the National Assembly Deputies’ Delegation of the Province.  Võ Thị Ánh Xuân is the second female president of Vietnam.

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Vietnam is led by four "pillars"; that includes "a largely ceremonial president, the powerful General Secretary of the Communist Party, a governing prime minister, and the chair of its National Assembly. " The main candidates for each post are kept secret and hidden away concerning critical debate.

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HANOI (Reuters) - After Vietnam's ruling Communist Party chief was elected for a rare third term in January, Vietnam on Monday confirmed the nomination of a new president and prime minister to head one of Asia's fastest growing economies for the next five years.

Vietnam has no paramount ruler and is officially led by four "pillars": the powerful General Secretary of the Communist Party, a largely ceremonial president, a governing prime minister and the chair of its National Assembly.

The main candidates for each post had all been widely known in Hanoi's political circles, but were officially declared top secret in December last year in order to discourage potentially critical debate.

The Party retains tight control of media and tolerates little criticism.

The following is a look at Vietnam's top four leaders:

NGUYEN PHU TRONG, 76

Trong, a party ideologue, is General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam and has led a "blazing furnace" anti-corruption drive after ejecting a former leadership that had closer ties to business in 2016.

Trong has been struggling with bad health since 2019 but was re-elected by his party for a rare third five-year term in late January, cementing his position as the country's most powerful political leader for decades.

NGUYEN XUAN PHUC, 66

Vietnam's law-making National Assembly confirmed former Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc would be Vietnam's new president on Monday.

Phuc had been widely tipped to take on the predominantly ceremonial position. Some analysts see him as a potential successor to Trong, should the party chief fail to complete a full, third term.

As prime minister from 2016-2021, Phuc represented Hanoi on the world stage as the face of Vietnam's many trade deals and pushed for regional multilateralism as chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) last year.

PHAM MINH CHINH, 62

Chinh, a career security official and the former head of the Party's influential Central Organisation Commission, was selected as prime minister on Monday by the legislature.

Chinh has held several top positions in Vietnam's powerful Ministry of Public Security, the state apparatus tasked both with everyday policing and the systematic monitoring of dissent and surveillance of activists, as well as espionage overseas.

He is the first Vietnamese prime minister not to have previously served as a deputy prime minister since the launch of Vietnam's progressive "Doi Moi" reforms.

As prime minister, Chinh will have more direct influence over the day-to-day governing of Vietnam and the Communist Party's decision-making 18 member politburo.

VUONG DINH HUE, 64

Hue, a trained economist and former deputy prime minister, was until recently Secretary of the Hanoi Communist Party Committee. He was confirmed as National Assembly chair on April. 1.

His position is viewed by analysts as the least powerful of the top four roles, although it has also been a springboard in the past to the most powerful General Secretary position.

Trong himself was National Assembly chair before he became Party chief in 2011.

(This story corrects Vuong Dinh Hue's age to 64 not 63)

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New figures in Vietnam's leadership transition

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After Vietnam's ruling Communist Party chief was elected for a rare third term in January, Vietnam on Monday confirmed the nomination of a new president and prime minister to head one of Asia's fastest growing economies for the next five years.

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The main concept of this Mind Map is to help me learn more about Vietnam, including its political leaders, current issues, successes and reforms,  and the causes and effects of the state and its people.

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Causes and Effects on the State and its people

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Causes and Effects on the State and its people