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Formation of the United Irishmen inspired by the French Revolution and U.S. Independence. Led by Wolfe Tone.
Wanted to secure a reform of the Irish parliament.

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The Orange Order was founded in Ulster intended to maintain Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Was totally opposed to independent Ireland.

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Wolfe Tone's United Irishmen rebellion

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Act of Union (1800) comes into force

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1823: Daniel O'Connell forms the Catholic Association
1824: Created an associate membership that was only a penny a month known as the 'Catholic rent'

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Catholic Emancipation Act

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start of the Tithe war

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Tithe Commutation Act for Ireland

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O'Connell forms the Repeal Association to end the Act of Union

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O'Connell cancels the planned Clontarf 'Monster Meeting'

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The Great Famine begins

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The Corn Laws are repealed

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Young Ireland suppers leave the Repeal Association to form the Irish Confederation

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Young Ireland rebellion begins

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Irish Tenant league is formed

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Young remand and their Irish Confederation collapse, but their Newspapers, The Nation and The United Irishmen, proved to be very influential in creating a clear form of Irish nationalism.

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The Irish Tenant League won the support of a small group of Irish MP's, and the Independent Irish Party was formed

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John O'Mahony founded the Fenian Brotherhood in New York

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James Stephens, one of the founders of the Fenian Brotherhood, returned to Ireland on Saint Patrick's Day and formed the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB).

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There was a slump in farming prices, causing the 'tenants' movement to collapse, and although the Independent Irish Party disbanded, it raised important issues

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IRB launched a series of risings in March and February of 1867. They were poorly organized and easily contained by authorities.

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30 Fenian men attempted a prison break. A police officer was killed, 5 were caught, tried and executed. They were thought of as martyrs by Irish nationals.

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Newly elected prime minister William Gladstone disestablished the Church of Ireland, encouraging freedom of religion and "pacifying" Ireland.

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the Home Government Association became the Home Rule League in November of 1873 where 55 of its member were elected in the general election the next year.

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Mostly legal protesting and boycotting with some isolated acts of violence to reduce eviction and rent.

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Pheonix Park Assassinations

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Parnell forms the Irish National League

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First Home Rule Bill

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Second Home Rule Bill

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First Irish Land Act

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Isaac Butt forms Home Rule League

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'New Departure' agreed between Charles Stewart Parnell and the IRB

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National Land League of Ireland formed by Parnell and Michael Davitt, start of the 'Land War'

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Second Irish Land Act

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Sinn Féin formed

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Third Home Rule Bill introduced

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Unionists form Solemn League and Covenant to oppose home rule

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Irish Volunteers formed

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He was intereted in irish heritage and the irish language being one of the founders of the irish esperanto league. He joined the Galic league where he studied with Thomas Macdonagh and volunteered as early members of Irish Volunteers in 1913.In 1915  Joseph Plunkett joined the irish Republucan Brotherhood and June 1915 he produced the “Ireland Report” for the Germans which laid out plans for a German invasion of Ireland to coincide with a Rising. He tried to persuade the Germans that such an invasion would redirect British forces and make it easier for them on the Western Front. The Germans were not convinced and did not back the plan but did support Roger Casement’s plan and send rifles to Ireland to be used in the Rising. Plunkett was one of the original members of the IRB Military Committee that was responsible for planning the Easter Rising, and it was largely his plan that was followed.

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PADRAIG PEARSE was headmaster at St Enda's, Rathfarnham in Dublin. The finest writer and orator of the Rising (although Thomas McDonagh was the better poet), he read out the 1916 Proclamation and, as commander-in-chief, commanded the GPO garrison with James Connolly. An arch-Catholic, he joined the IRB late, but quickly grew extreme in his thinking.

He was the first president of the provisional government of the Irish republic proclaimed in Dublin on April 24, 1916, and was commander in chief of the Irish forces in the anti-British Easter Rising that began on the same day.

Pearse became a director of the Gaelic League (founded 1893 for the preservation of the Irish language)

On the formation of the Irish Volunteers (November 1913) as a counterforce against the Ulster Volunteers (militant supporters of the Anglo-Irish union), Pearse became a member of their provisional committee, and he contributed poems and articles to their newspaper, The Irish Volunteer. In July 1914 he was made a member of the supreme council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). Strongly opposed support for Britain in WW1.

On April 29, when the revolt was crushed, he surrendered to the British. After a court-martial, he was shot by a firing squad.

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Arthur Griffith (1871-1922) was the first leader of the Sinn Fein Party when it was first set up in November 1905, favouring full independence for Ireland. However, before this he had involvement with cultural organisations, and as he became more political he set up the United Irishmen (newspaper) in 1899. Within this he argued that Ireland needed to be self-sufficient politically and economically. Eventually he joined the Irish Volunteers in 1913, and yet opposed the use of force. Instead, he argued for ‘abstentionism’ (refusing to participate in/or cooperate with British institutions). Nevertheless, he also believed in maintaining links to the British crown. Due to his opposition towards fighting, in 1914 his newspaper Sinn Fein was banned, and he did not take part in the Easter Rising, and yet was imprisoned anyways. In 1917, he became vice-President of the Sinn Fein, below Eamon de Valera, and because of his opposition towards military action, he began campaigning to persuade other countries that Ireland should be a sovereign free and independent country. In 1919, Arthur became president of the first Irish Parliament, and headed Irish delegation, eventually leading to the Anglo-Irish Partition Treaty of 1921.

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Sir Edward Carson

-Irish unionist

-Born on 9 February 1854 to a Protestant family - ironically in southern Ireland

-legal professional

-He was appointed Irish Solicitor General in 1892, the same year he was elected to the House of Commons.  He was called to the Bar the following year, serving as British Solicitor General from 1900-05.

-In February 1910 Carson ended his prospects of leading the Conservative Party in the House of Commons by accepting the leadership of the Irish Unionists - a party determined chiefly with an anti-Home Rule policy.

-Established a provisional government in Belfast preparing for civil war recruited some 80,000 men to what amounted to a private army, the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)

-The UVF was determined to resist - by violent means if necessary - the imposition of Home Rule in Ireland.  He also got German-sourced weapons.

-The outbreak of war with Germany in August 1914 halted Home Rule plans. Carson responded to the spirit of national co-operation by joining in 1915 as Attorney General.  Many members of the UVF enlisted for service with the 36th (Ulster) Division.

-Carson eventually became First Lord of the Admiralty