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- Behavior is inlfuenced by biological processes (atoms)

- There is a free will of choice

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- Introduced introspection, the examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.

- We should rely on rational thought and introspection

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- Human behavior is subject to rules and laws

- Suggested that the mind and body are inseparable

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He started to explore mental disorders

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Mind and body are separated and emphasized reason and reflexes

( Dualism )

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- Empiricism; the mind as a tabula rasa (blank slate), stressing experience and learning.

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Theory of evolution; inspired psychology to study adaptation and behavior.

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- He saw the mind as a natural event that
could be studied scientifically.
- He tried to discover the basic elements of
experience.

- He attempted to break down conscious
experience into objective sensations and
subjective feelings.

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- Pioneered research on memory (forgetting curve, learning curve).

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Discovered classical conditioning (type of associative learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a biological or unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces a reflex or response)

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Founder of psychoanalysis; emphasized the unconscious, dreams, and childhood experiences.

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Founder of behaviorism; psychology should study observable behavior.

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Developed client-centered therapy; stressed unconditional positive regard and human potential.

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Founder of positive psychology, focusing on strengths and well-being