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Singers such as Selena Quintanilla challenge what the definition of la onda is.

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Music produced in the US by Mexican/Tejano/Chicano individuals is referred to as "La Onda".

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a merged line between cultures and unites different communities with different genres of music

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A diva can be perceived in two ways

-Negatively-"too much" or a female that is excessive

-positively

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Selena was one of many artists referred to as a "diva"; which was once seen as a derogatory term and now repurposed into something that represents confidence and expression.

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Selena is one of the prime examples of a woman challenging the patriarchy and that women can express themselves freely without being called "divas"

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Selena also introduced many new styles, both with her clothing and music which waved a path for many individuals to explore.

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Selena is one of many that have introduced new styles but on the other hand, there are still many musicians/artists (mexicana/tejana/chicana) that are still unheard of or underrepresented (need the opportunity)

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Music is a way to express and depict backgrounds/history of artists as well as illustrate feelings

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punk music was a genre that could be seen as a minority genre as it became illegal to play/watch at some point in time. It was "too aggressive" and gave people a sense of defying the normal

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Music can be enjoyed by everyone, but it's especially important for minority groups since they can express themselves

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Before punk, it was rock music that was used to express disdain for the government, notably the 1971 Avandaro music festival

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According to Hernandez, there is also the idea that those in Latinidad culture feel "too black" for the Latin community but not enough for the African American community. This brings back the idea of feeling like a minority within a certain group that music could help express.

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Female punk bands have laid grounds for feminism and feminist politics, in which women can jump and scream, often within the confines of traditionally patriarchal and masculinist contexts throughout Latin America.

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"it was a form of resistance against marginalzation and repression in a system as rotten as ours" (Ramos 87)

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Rock music was a great outlet for frustrations and criticisms of power, as well as a great opportunity to bring attention to issues.

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punk music opened a world for self expressions for many individuals. it led for new styles in hair, clothing, gender expression, and jewelry for all social classes.

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society has gender specific items that create this division between gender.

Examples

-gender reveals

-kids clothing

-makeup

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Sexual subjectivity is interconnected into forming social groups

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"El travesti- a differncia del tranformista que los hace por diversion o por dinero y casi siempre de noche- es aquel indiidu que desde que se levanta hasta que se acuesta, se afeita, se maquilla y se viste con ropajes femeninos todo el teimpo, sin temor a nada" (Santana 49).

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there's an idea in one of the articles that was interesting said "trans women are not drag queens"(Santana 47)

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many people from cuba tend to confuse the term transformistas (preformances) and travestis (transgender).

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Thinking about the idea of trans it is not just referring to people who are transgender there are transsexual, transformista, and many others. this prefix of trans can mean so much (being open and fully in the idea)(change)

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there was an idea presented in lecture that gender is based on a cumulation of things, being a woman or a man is not a given, but formed through a variety of contributing factors

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Olga Guillot is the queen of bolero.

In her performances, “her trademark gestures are all coital reminiscences; the trembling lips, fingers of both hands moving as if caressing pearly beads in front of her face and then moving down to trace circles in front of her stomach.” (p146).

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olga Guillot was seen more for her performances than the quality of her voice

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"Bolero refuses all that exists by mourning all that has been; its temporal mode is always the past or future seen from the point of view of the ruins of the past -- or of the past as a ruin. It works on the registers of defiance, nostalgia, anger, and lust; its geographical referents are a mental constellation of tropics that can be invented at will."(pg 152)

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"La Guillot joins different publics, distant communities, just as boleros allow the links between different things to come together. Time and space, sexualities and capitalism collapse and coalesce. One can live the 1980s and 1990s as if they were the 1940s without wishing that they were the 1940s. It is a present constructed as a bricolage of past and present."(Pg 149)

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The audience doesn't care if she forgets her lyrics, they just want her there. It shows how much they love her.

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"one cannot call it melodious or
even soothing." (146)

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Another Diva that defied all the gender stereotypes in latin america

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She was a drug lord which was not usual for women but she still was very open about it and that was shown then in her music

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"normative femininity, soft-spoken, well-behaved, and deferential in their inquiry about music”(Vargas 2018, 37)

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There were expectations of women and men that people were not supposed to cross

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Jenni on the other hand went against the norms as her music began las malandrinas which were girls who were drinking bear stealing things and many other things that society would see as "masculine"

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Jenni rivera was another women who's performance was very assertive with a raspy voice

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it is a space that artists allow their audience to feel and express anything without being judged or to influence audience

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this music video really shows this other side of feminism that is not very perfect and dandy

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"Gesture in Mambo Time" from Juana Maria rodriguez's sexual features, queer gestures and other latina loongings

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"Gesture in Mambo Time" from Juana Maria rodriguez's sexual features, queer gestures and other latina loongings

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juana describes how mambo and its practice often is interlinked with sexuality. gestures motioned in mambo dances are often self expression.

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some gestures are foot work, sway of the hips, wrist and head movements

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the forms of dance are ways of self expression without having to confirm to social behaviors. These gestures often get misinterpreted.

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“gestures never fully establish interpretive closure. They are never absolute. Instead they can only suggest, and in sex (as in dance), that suggestion functions as a form of seduction.” Pg 123

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Janelle Mydaa

Hoang Phan

Giselle Prado-Silva

Camerin Oliver

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Hoang Phan, Giselle Prado-Silva, Janelle Mydaa, c4oliver