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The ten EPHS' are a framework for improving health equity in communities. It was established in 1994 by a federal group and was revised in 2020, "the framework now centers equity and incorporates current and future public health practices" (The 10 essential public health services, 2023).

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10 Essential Public Health Services Graphic

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10 Essential Public Health Services Graphic

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The 10 Essential Public Health Services is best depicted as a cycle, as represented in this graphic.

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Assessment includes the two EPHS monitoring the health of the population and investigating, diagnosing, and addressing health hazards and their root causes.

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Policy development includes 4 EPHS'. The four are communicate effectively to inform and educate, strengthen support and mobilize communities and partner ships, create champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws, and utilize legal and regulatory actions.

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There are four EPHS' to assurance. Those include, enabling equitable access, building a diverse and skilled workforce, improving and innovating through evaluation, research, and quality improvement, and building and maintaining a strong organizational infrastructure for public health.

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Assessment is highly dependent on monitoring the health of the population. It relies, "on vital statistics and disease reporting systems, including for non-communicable diseases, injuries, risk factors, health care resources, utilization of resources, and special disease registries such as for cancer, birth defects, and many others" (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2014).

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The 10 essential public health services. Public Health Accreditation Board. (2023, September 25). https://phaboard.org/center-for-innovation/public-health-frameworks/the-10-essential-public-health-services/

Tulchinsky, T. H., & Varavikova, E. A. (2014). Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluating the Health of a Population. The New Public Health, 91–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00003-3

Danforth, K., Ahmad, A. M., Blanchet, K., Khalid, M., Means, A. R., Memirie, S. T., Alwan, A., & Watkins, D. (2023). Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of essential packages of health services. BMJ global health, 8(Suppl 1), e010726. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010726

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The 10 EPHS' is a framework that is difficult to measure the effectiveness of and "there is a lack of guidance and standards for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of EPHS implementation" (Danforth, et. al., 2023). EPHS' is an ongoing cycle that is constantly changing. The effectiveness can be found in the health equity and improvements amongst the community.