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Następstwo czasów (the sequence of tenses)

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Następstwo czasów (the sequence of tenses)

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"Pół żartem, pół serio" to cykl wpisów poświęcony nauce angielskiego z wykorzystaniem dowcipów (jokes).

Dzisiaj kolejna minilekcja z anegdotką, dzięki której możemy nie tylko poznać nowe słowa czy konstrukcje, ale także wyłapać i poprawić błędy wynikające ze stosowania polskich zasad w produkcji języka angielskiego. Tym razem przyjrzymy się następstwu czasów (sequence of tenses) - konstrukcji, której nie mamy w języku polskim, co przysparza nam trochę trudności.
Pobierz kartę z ćwiczeniami
dostępną w strefie PREMIUM.
SŁOWNICTWO

EMPLOYEE - pracownik
SEE - spotkać się, zobaczyć się
SUPERVISOR - przełożony, kierownik
BOSS - szef
HEAVY - ciężki
HOUSE CLEANING - sprzątanie domu
TOMORROW - jutro
NEED - potrzebować
HELP WITH something - pomóc w czymś
ATTIC - strych
GARAGE - garaż
MOVE - przenosić, przesunąć
HAUL - ciągnąć
STUFF - rzeczy
BE SHORT-HANDED - mieć za mało ludzi
REPLY - odpowiadać
DAY OFF - dzień wolny (od pracy)
KNEW - forma przeszła czasownika KNOW - wiedzieć
COUNT ON SOMEBODY - liczyć na kogoś

WYMOWA

Odtwórz nagranie (czas: 36 s)

https://loip.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cleaning.mp3

GRAMATYKA

Brak następstwa czasów w języku polskim

Ucząc się języka obcego czasami popełniamy błędy stosując dosłowne tłumaczenia polskich struktur i wyrażeń w produkcji języka angielskiego.

Wiedziałem, że mogę na ciebie liczyć.

Powyżej przykład polskiego zdania złożonego, w którym zdanie nadrzędne ma czas przeszły ( wiedziałem), a zdanie podrzędne czas teraźniejszy ( mogę). Takiego zestawienia nie spotkamy w języku angielskim, w którym obowiązuje zasada następstwa czasów ( sequence of tenses).

Następstwo czasów w języku angielskim

Spójrzmy na fragmenty naszej dzisiejszej anegdotki:

Następstwo czasów to zależność między czasami użytymi w zdaniu podrzędnym i nadrzędnym.

Użycie czasu przeszłego w zdaniu nadrzędnym (np. knew) wymusza użycie formy przeszłej* czasownika w zdaniu podrzędnym (np. could).

* W szczególnych przepadkach mamy możliwość wyboru: możemy zachować lub cofnąć użyty czas gramatyczny, np.

Jeżeli w zdaniu nadrzędnym mamy czas teraźniejszy (present) lub przyszły (future) to zasada następstwa czasów zastosowania, np. She (that) she doesn't like him.

I've noticed (that) you always wear white shirts.
I'll tell them (that) your idea is the best.
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Podoba Ci się taka forma nauki z zastosowaniem żartów? Sprawdź inne minilekcje z cyklu pół żartem, pół serio.

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Zabawna historyjka 73 - Loip Angielski Online

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"Pół żartem, pół serio" to cykl wpisów poświęcony nauce angielskiego z wykorzystaniem dowcipów (jokes). Dzisiaj kolejna minilekcja z anegdotką, dzięki której możemy nie tylko poznać nowe słowa czy konstrukcje, ale także wyłapać i poprawić błędy wynikające ze stosowania polskich zasad w produkcji języka angielskiego.

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The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts

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The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Dog or Cat?, Netflix or YouTube?, Phone Call or Text?, Toast or Eggs?, Ice Cream Cone or Snow Cone?, Cake or Pie?, Big Party or Small Gathering?, Rich Friend or Loyal Friend?, Football or Basketball?, Laundry or Dishes?, Bath or Shower?, Hamburger or Taco?, Couch or Recliner?, Online Shopping or Shopping in a Store?, Blue or Red?, Amusement Park or Day at the Beach?, Toilet paper: Over or Under?, Iced Coffee or Hot Coffee?, Ocean or Mountains?, Horror Movie or Comedy Movie?, Card Game or Board Game?, Sweater or Hoodie?, When sleeping: Fan or No Fan?, Soup or Sandwich?, TV or Book?.

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Dog or Cat?, Netflix or YouTube?, Phone Call or Text?, Toast or Eggs?, Ice Cream Cone or Snow Cone?, Cake or Pie?, Big Party or Small Gathering?, Rich Friend or Loyal Friend?, Football or Basketball?, Laundry or Dishes?, Bath or Shower?, Hamburger or Taco?, Couch or Recliner?, Online Shopping or

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Check out this design designed by kiniak.

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Check out this design designed by kiniak.

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Eat That Frog & The ABCDE Method (video)

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Eat That Frog & The ABCDE Method (video)

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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like calm, be good with numbers / computers / people, be good at problem solving and others.

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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like avoid (+ doing something), recent, a graduate and others.

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ESL Brains - Are you living an Insta lie_

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Are You Living an Insta Lie? Social Media Vs. Reality

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Are You Living an Insta Lie? Social Media Vs. Reality

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Are You Living an Insta Lie? Social Media Vs. Reality

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Meet Anna, Paul, Denise and Tom.

English at Work focuses on English communication in the office. Join Neil in this special introductory programme as he finds out about the characters who work in the offices of Tip Top Trading.

Here are the key phrases in this episode:

A good example that comes to mind...

I'm particularly proud of...

Timekeeping is important to me.

Listening Challenge

What kind of company is Tip Top Trading?

The answer is at the bottom of the transcript below:

Transcript

Narrator
Hi, I'm Neil. Thanks for joining me on English at Work - a new series of programmes set in an office, full of top tips to help you learn some useful business language which you could use in the workplace. In the next few minutes you can join me on an introductory tour around one of London's biggest imitation plastic fruit manufacturers, called Tip Top Trading. We're going to hear from some of the employees that work so hard to keep the business running smoothly. So come on then! Let's step into the office and eavesdrop on Tip Top Trading's possible newest recruit. I say 'possible' because she is still being interviewed for the job of Sales Executive...

Anna
Firstly, this job is an ideal match for my skills and experience: I've spent several years working in sales and I get on with people easily. Well, I mean, apart from the ones I don't like of course! Secondly, I know Tip Top Trading is one of the fastest-growing companies in London, and I want to be part of that.

Paul
That's absolutely right. Tip Top Trading is the fastest-growing company in the plastic fruits sector.

Narrator
Well said, Anna! If she gets that job I'm sure she'll be an asset to the company. The decision is in the hands of Manager, Paul, who we heard there. He's a nice guy really, a little disorganised, but when things go wrong he's got to take charge...a bit like this...

Paul
Yesterday was not a great day. Two clients came in with serious complaints. Mrs Kumquat received a delivery of imitation bananas that were purple - not very convincing, and Mr Lime ordered grapefruits, but got pineapples. Tom!

Tom
Yeah, listen...

Paul
Were you responsible for these errors?

Tom
Well... yes, but -

Paul
Look, mistakes happen. But it seems that Mrs Kumquat left our offices even angrier than when she came in and she says she will never use Tip Top Trading again!

Tom
I tried my best.

Paul
Hmmm.

Narrator
Ah yes, Tom! I hadn't warned you about Tom, one of the company's top Sales Executives - he's good....

Tom
[on phone] Tom speaking. Yah! Frankie! So what's the latest, are we on?

Narrator
...but his interpersonal skills need working on. Listen to this!

Tom
My computer has crashed. I've lost my phone. And there's a big, BIG problem with my timetable. I have two meetings scheduled at the same time with two extremely important clients. I can't do them both at once!

Narrator
See what I mean! Now, every office needs a good office assistant - and Tip Top Trading is no exception. It's got Denise, who's there to assist, organise and sometimes make the tea...

Denise
Oh sorry excuse me, here's your tea Paul.

Paul
Thanks Denise.

Narrator
But goodness! She likes to talk...

Denise
Really! "Denise do this! Denise do that!"\I'm telling you Sharon, I've almost had enough! I get treated like I'm some kind of servant!

Narrator
That's Denise! I think we'll just leave the office now and let them get on with their work. So that's Tip Top Trading. There are plenty of other people we'll meet along the way - so go on - why don't you join me for English at Work from bbclearningenglish.com. See ya!

Listening Challenge - Answer

What kind of company is Tip Top Trading?
Tip Top Trading is a plastic fruit manufacturer.

Try Next

Credits

Series Producer/Writer: Rob Carter - BBC Learning English

Animator: Rosie Miles (http://www.rosiesmiles.com/)

Actors: The team at BBC Learning English

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BBC Learning English - English at Work / An Introduction

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Meet Anna, Paul, Denise and Tom. English at Work focuses on English communication in the office. Join Neil in this special introductory programme as he finds out about the characters who work in the offices of Tip Top Trading. Here are the key phrases in this episode: A good example that comes to mind...

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News Update (March 2020)

To all our teachers: There are many language schools and other educational institutions closing now because of the Coronavirus situation. Please remember we have our Student Site.

This interactive site will allow your students to continue their studies more independently.

Visit our Student Site today.

Pre-Intermediate Level >> Reading And Writing Materials >> Students put together the questions to a newspaper agony aunt and answers given by her - and then discuss whether they agree with the answers or not. Gives good practice of language of advice, should, shouldn't, etc.

Read these four letters written to Marge, the agony aunt who works for "The Chesham Observer" newspaper.

Dear Marge,
All the other children laugh at me at school and say my clothes are completely unfashionable. I feel really stupid. I ask my parents to buy me better clothes but they say they don't have enough money. What can I do?

Dear Marge,
I saw one of my work colleagues taking some paper from the office photocopier and put it in her bag. Do you think I should report her for theft to the boss or not? My parents always taught me to tell the truth and that any stealing is wrong. What do you think?

Dear Marge,
I have been married for nearly a year and my husband doesn't seem interested in me anymore. I think he may be more interested in his work partner, a woman half his age. I am pregnant now and feel fat and ugly. Is there any hope for our marriage?

Dear Marge,
I am 16 years old and I want to leave school this year. My parents say it is too early for me and that I should be trying to get into university. I think I am old enough to make my own decisions now. I want to work with my friend Susan in McDonalds. Then, I can start earning money to buy things.

Marge Replies:

Which reply is for which letter?

Dear Jane,
I think your self-confidence is probably a little low at the moment considering your condition. Have a chat with your husband and see if you can resolve the problem of the "other woman" who, I imagine, doesn't exist anyway. I think your husband could just be a little nervous about the new arrival!

Dear Mary,
Your parents are right. You would be better to stay and complete as much of your education as possible. Real opportunities and independence won't come from earning $150 a week but from the qualifications and experience gained by staying with your school friends.

Dear Jim,
You should worry about doing well at school and not about what others say about you. That will show real maturity and, after a while, your not reacting will convince those who complain about what you wear that there is no fun to be had.

Dear Mike,
Your family was correct to teach you about right and wrong but we are only talking about some paper here! Theft is theft and I think you should at least say something to the person before going to your boss. Maybe it was an innocent mistake! If you go to your boss in those circumstances, you will be the most unpopular person in the office and then you will have another problem altogether!

Which question was the most difficult to answer?

Do you agree with all of Marge's responses?

Would you like to do her job?

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Pre-Intermediate Level: Agony Aunt Letters. | ESL Lounge

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To all our teachers: There are many language schools and other educational institutions closing now because of the Coronavirus situation. Please remember we have our Student Site. This interactive site will allow your students to continue their studies more independently. Visit our Student Site today.

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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like head something up, treatment, a trainee graduate and others.

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Tim Urban's talk called "Inside the mind of a master procrastinator" (with answers)

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Tim Urban's talk called "Inside the mind of a master procrastinator" (with answers)

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Check out this design designed by kiniak.

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Tim Urban: Inside the mind of a master procrastinator | TED

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Tim Urban: Inside the mind of a master procrastinator | TED

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Inside the Mind of a Master Procrastinator | Tim Urban | TED

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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like a job fair, a piece of advice, find out (where, who, what) and others.

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Wojciech, Patrycja, Paulina G., Karolina, Natalia, Nikola, Gabriela, Elżbieta, Magdalena, Katarzyna, Julia, Anna S., Kornelia, Anna U., Kinga, Paulina W..

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Extra exercises (in Microsoft Teams): tn3aa86

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Extra exercises (in Microsoft Teams): tn3aa86

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Will vs be going to - Grammar chart

Predictions

Use will to talk about something that you think will happen.

Use be going to to talk about something that you see is going to happen (there is present evidence).

Sometimes there's little difference between will and be going to for predictions. Compare:

The conference starts in 10 minutes. We are going to be late. (=I can see that we cannot be at the conference in 10 minutes)

We need to hurry up. We'll be late for the conference. (=I think we will be late)

Decisions

Use will for decisions that you take at the moment of speaking (instant decisions).

Use be going to for decisions that you have already taken at the moment of speaking (intentions or plans).

'Why are you undressing?' 'Because I'm going to go for a swim.'

Compare these two sentences:

'Sarah said she needs to talk to you.' 'Oh, I didn't know. I'll call her in a minute.' (=I took the decision while having this conversation.)

'Sarah said she needs to talk to you.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going to call her in a minute.' (=I took the decision before having this conversation.)

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'Will' vs 'be going to' - Future forms - Test-English

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Will vs be going to. English grammar and exercises. We use 'will' for instant decisions and predictions. We use 'be going to' for intentions and plans, and predictions with present evidence.

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Check out this design designed by kiniak.

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn - any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn - any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn - any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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(beginning,listening,Comparative - Superlative,,) A kid discover the truth about her father

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Listening comprehension task which is a part of a large lesson plan on saving money.

Animation presenting different areas where you can save money and recommending several actions you can take to be a saver.

Lectures (e.g. TED talks)

The above lesson is a great teaching resource for: Intermediate (B1), Upper-intermediate (B2)

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Listening comprehension task which is a part of a large lesson plan on saving money. Animation presenting different areas where you can save money and recommending several actions you can take to be a saver. Lectures (e.g.

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Are you a saver or a spender? (worksheet)

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Are you a saver or a spender? (worksheet)

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Missing word - A cloze activity where you drag and drop words into blank spaces within a text.