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"WASTES OCCURRED ON SHIPS AND METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF WASTE UNDER THE MARPOL 73/78 CONVENTION"

ALEYNA ULUCUTSOY, BETÜL SARAÇ

Karadeniz Technical University, Sürmene Marine Sciences Faculty, Naval Architecture, and Marine Engineering Department 61530 Ortahisar, Trabzon, Türkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: ulucutsoy.aleyna@gmail.com; bsarac@ktu.edu.tr

ABSTRACT: The wastes formed as a result of the activities and operations of the ships at sea form the basis of today's marine pollution problem. Adoption of the MARPOL 73/78 “International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Seas from Ships” convention is one of the leading measures taken to prevent pollution caused by ship activities. The convention contains rules on how to prevent marine pollution and how to store and dispose of waste. States that have signed the convention must accept the rules and sanctions contained in this convention. Within the scope of this contract signed, various sanctions have been introduced on how to dispose of garbage and wastes arising from operations and crew activities on ships. These sanctions are clearly stated in MARPOL 73/78 Annex-I, Annex-IV and Annex-V, which include sanctions related to solid and garbage according to the type of waste. It is aimed to prevent the pollution of the seas by limiting the disposal of wastes with various sanctions in accordance with the contract. In this study, the processes of disposal of solid waste and garbage defined in MARPOL 73/78 Annex-I, Annex-IV and Annex-V, removal from the ship or sending to port waste facilities were examined.

KEYWORDS: Ship waste; marine pollution; MARPOL convention; waste disposal

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"THE PRESENCE OF MICROPLASTICS IN PELAGIC AND BENTHIC FISHES ALONG THE GİRESUN COAST"

MURAT KODAT, HANDAN AYDIN, YALÇIN TEPE*

Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: yalcintepe@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT: Microplastics (MPs) contamination in stomach contents of red mullet, whiting, horse mackerel, and anchovy total from the Giresun coastline were determined. A total of 1272 MPs were detected in 40 fish of which 20% (250 pieces) were from horse mackerel, 59% (757 pieces) from red mullet, 10% (125 pieces) from anchovy, and 11% (140 pieces). The most common color in MPs samples was black (1201 particles, 94%). This was followed by blue (45 particles, 3.53%) and red (25 particles, 1.96%). The most observed shape in MPs was a fragment (1117 particles, 87%). This was followed by fiber (105 particles, 8.25%) and pellets (50 particles, 3.93%).

KEYWORDS:  Microplastics; Pollution; Giresun; Horse Mackerel; Anchovy

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"AUTUMN TREND OF SOLID WASTE POLLUTION IN DAM LAKE OF ARTVİN"

KORAY ÖZŞEKER 1*, YAHYA TERZİ², COŞKUN ERÜZ², NEIRA PURWANTY ISMAIL²

¹KTU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Trabzon, Türkiye

²KTU, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Türkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: ozseker.koray@gmail.com

KEYWORDS: Solid waste, Pollution, COVID-19, Plastic

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"THE JOURNEY OF PLASTIC LITTER IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT"

NIGAR ALKAN1*, BERRIN ÖZKILIÇ², ELIF PINAR İLHAN1

¹Karadeniz Technical University, Sürmene Faculty of Marine Science, Trabzon, Türkiye

²Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka Vocational School, Trabzon, Türkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: anigar@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Marine litter is defined as any man-made object that enters, throws, disposes of, or exits the coastal or marine environment. Since the 1950s, the use of plastic continues to increase rapidly due to its many advantages in our daily lives, is ubiquitous in the oceans and is internationally recognized as a matter of increasing concern. It is also extremely durable, highly flexible, and inexpensive to produce. Plastic offers extraordinary properties to modern life. But these benefits also come with challenges associated with mismanaged plastic waste that turns into significant plastic pollution. There are more than 30 types of primary plastics today, and they combine with a few different additives to yield thousands of plastic materials [1,2,3].

Most plastics in the ocean break up into very small particles. These small plastic bits are called "microplastics." Microplastics ((plastic particles <5 mm) come from a variety of sources. Such microplastics are called secondary microplastics that form from the breakdown of larger plastics; this typically happens when larger plastics undergo weathering, through exposure to, for example, wave action, wind abrasion, and ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Microplastics are not biodegradable and can be ingested by aquatic organisms, including various additive chemicals due to their high potential to adsorb contaminants from other polluting sources. Consequently, they can pose a serious risk to aquatic species and human health directly or indirectly. Plastics and derivatives are a huge problem all over the world. We can help keep plastic out of the ocean. Don't forget: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle [4].

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"THE FIRST EFFORT OF USING A MARINE MAMMAL AERIAL SURVEY PLATFORM TO COLLECT MARINE LITTER DATA IN THE BLACK SEA"

MARIAN PAIU¹*, COSTIN TIMOFTE¹, ANGELICA PAIU¹, PAVEL GOL`DIN², DIMITAR POPOV³, ARDA M. TONAY⁴, AYAKA AMAHA OZTÜRK⁴, AYHAN DEDE⁴

¹Mare Nostrum NGO, Romania;
²Ukrainian Centre of Ecology of the Sea, Odesa, Ukraine; ³Green Balkans NGO, Bulgaria;
⁴Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Türkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: marian_paiu@marenostrum.ro

ABSTRACT: Marine litter/debris is one of the major threats to the water bodies (lakes, rivers, marine, and oceans) ecosystems. In the past years, it is researched and recorded within different frameworks, from Bucharest Convention to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) also in the Black Sea. Under MSFD, Descriptor 10 - the marine litter is used to establish the Good Environmental Status of the ecosystems (GES). During the CeNoBS project, in the aerial survey missions performed over the Black Sea collecting marine mammal data, 4608 floating macro litter items were recorded, and categorized into three material types and 3 sizes, with the objective of creating the first database of its kind.

KEYWORDS: Marine litter; CeNoBS; MSFD; Black Sea; basin-wide survey

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"BEACH MACRO LITTER ASSESSMENT IN ROMANIA – LitOUTer FIELD STUDY (2021)"

ANGELICA PAIU*, ANCA-MARIA PANAIT, ROMULUS-MARIAN PAIU, COSTIN TIMOFTE, ANDREEA STEFANIA IONASCU, PATRICIA TOMASIAN, LAVINIA VOICULESCU

Mare Nostrum NGO

*Corresponding e-mail: angelica_paiu@marenostrum.ro

ABSTRACT: Marine litter is one of the most pervasive threats to the health of the Black Sea coastal areas and marine life. It is an issue of local, regional, national, and international concern. In 2016, Mare Nostrum NGO started the monitoring and assessment of beach marine litter, which became a key program of the organization. In 2021, there were organized 3 monitoring sessions within the LitOUTer project, and 29158 marine litter items were removed from 10 beach sectors. Plastic or synthetic polymers represented the major category of marine litter by material type on the Romanian Black Sea coast (80%) in 2021.

KEYWORDS: Beach marine litter; pollution; plastic; monitoring; Romania

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"SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CETACEANS AND MARINE LITTER IN THE ROMANIAN WATERS"

COSTIN TIMOFTE*, MARIAN PAIU, ANGELICA PAIU, LAVINIA VOICULESCU

Mare Nostrum NGO

*Corresponding e-mail: costin_timofte@marenostrum.ro

ABSTRACT: Marine debris poses a serious threat to marine habitats and wildlife and the three Black Sea species of cetaceans are not excluded from this. A clearer understanding of the existing impact on cetacean species from both macro- and micro-litter is necessary. The close link between this type of pollution and some cetaceans, as well as the specific feeding habits and vast distribution of three cetacean species, suggests that they can be considered as marine health indicators for macro- and micro-litter impacts at the basin scale. Between 2019 and 2021, 4 sea surveys were conducted collecting data on cetaceans and floating macro litter in the Romanian territorial waters to identify the interaction between them.

KEYWORDS: Marine litter; interaction; Black Sea cetaceans; ANEMONE; CETMAL

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"BEHAVIORAL AND INFORMATIVE CHANGES OF THE TRAINEES AFTER TRAINING SESSIONS ORGANIZED UNDER THE LITOUTER PROJECT"

ERTUĞ DÜZGÜNEŞ, FATMA TELLİ KARAKOÇ, COŞKUN ERÜZ, NEIRA PURWANTY ISMAIL*

Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye,

*Corresponding e-mail: neira.ismail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: LitOUTer is a project that aims to raise public awareness of the various group of citizens in the local society by training, using different awareness materials and questionnaire surveys. After measuring their level of understanding of the marine litter problem, different training materials were used in the number of training sessions for the children, various student groups at different ages and education levels, adults and decision-makers, fishers and maritime business members, tourism sector workers, housewives living in cities and rural areas, and representatives of religion. In this presentation, responses of different social segments of the citizens before and after training as behavioral and informative changes.

KEYWORDS: Marine litter; behavior; awareness; education, Black Sea

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Data collection activities of the study were financially supported by the European Commission, Black Sea Cross Border Cooperation BSB 785 LitOUTer Project “Raising Public Awareness and Reducing Marine Litter for Protection of the Black Sea Ecosystem”.

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"MARINE LITTER POLLUTION IN THE OF COASTS, SOUTHEAST BLACK SEA"

NEIRA PURWANTY ISMAIL1*, KORAY ÖZŞEKER², YAHYA TERZİ¹, NURETTİN BAŞKAN¹, COŞKUN ERÜZ¹, FATMA TELLİ KARAKOÇ1

¹Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye,

²Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: neira.ismail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study presents the marine litter composition and distribution in the Of coasts following the OSPAR guidelines. As a result, plastic materials dominated the solid waste on the stream with a higher density in number observed at the O3 (5.7 items/m²).

KEYWORDS: Beach litter; plastic pollution; monitoring; Black Sea

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Data collection activities of the study were financially supported by the European Commission, Black Sea Cross Border Cooperation BSB 785 LitOUTer Project “Raising Public Awareness and Reducing Marine Litter for Protection of the Black Sea Ecosystem”.

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"BEACH MACRO LITTER IN THE SÜRMENE COASTS, SOUTHEAST BLACK SEA"

NEIRA PURWANTY ISMAIL1*, KORAY ÖZŞEKER², YAHYA TERZİ¹, NURETTİN BAŞKAN¹, COŞKUN ERÜZ¹, FATMA TELLİ KARAKOÇ1

¹Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye,

²Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: neira.ismail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study presents the beach macro litter composition and distribution in the Sürmene coasts following the OSPAR guidelines. As a result, plastic materials dominated the solid waste on the stream with a higher density in number observed at the S2 (3.2 items/m²).

KEYWORDS: Beach litter; plastic pollution; monitoring; Black Sea

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Data collection activities of the study were financially supported by the European Commission, Black Sea Cross Border Cooperation BSB 785 LitOUTer Project “Raising Public Awareness and Reducing Marine Litter for Protection of the Black Sea Ecosystem”.

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"SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION IN MANAHOZ STREAM, SOUTHEAST BLACK SEA"

NEIRA PURWANTY ISMAIL1*, KORAY ÖZŞEKER², YAHYA TERZİ¹, NURETTİN BAŞKAN¹, COŞKUN ERÜZ¹, FATMA TELLİ KARAKOÇ¹

¹Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye,

²Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye

*Corresponding e-mail: neira.ismail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study presents the solid waste composition and distribution in the Manahoz stream following the OSPAR guidelines. As a result, plastic materials dominated the solid waste on the stream with a higher density in number observed at the M2 (16.5 items/m²).

KEYWORDS: Solid waste; riverine input; monitoring; Black Sea

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Data collection activities of the study were financially supported by the European Commission, Black Sea Cross Border Cooperation BSB 785 LitOUTer Project “Raising Public Awareness and Reducing Marine Litter for Protection of the Black Sea Ecosystem”.