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Establish test methodology to establish hazard baseline and evaluate mitigation strategies

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Establish test methodology to establish hazard baseline and evaluate mitigation strategies

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• This concept should be done strategically, with a clear methodology, should not show one-off worst case scenarios.
• We need to establish a clear methodology to test the baseline case of ESS hazards (such as explosions, for example) The intent would be to truly characterize the hazard.
• Then subsequent tests could use that same methodology but add in a mitigation factor. You would then have the baseline data to evaluate the impact of the mitigating factor.
• You could then use the same test methodology to evaluate the impact of water mist (or other systems) on the explosion hazard. This approach could add credibility to the results.

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Guidance on interpretation and application of UL 9540A results

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Guidance on interpretation and application of UL 9540A results

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+ AHJ education
+ Engineering teams
(12 votes in workshop)

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Review of Environmental Hazards (liquid/airborne) from Li-ion ESS incidents and their environmental Impact - modeling of real-time conditions of representative battery failure events

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Review of Environmental Hazards (liquid/airborne) from Li-ion ESS incidents and their environmental Impact - modeling of real-time conditions of representative battery failure events

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19 votes at workshop

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Offensive vs Defensive Strategy

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(9 votes at workshop)

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Composition of toxic gases in BESS failures at system level (lack of testing on heavy metals and all the toxic components involved)

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Composition of toxic gases in BESS failures at system level (lack of testing on heavy metals and all the toxic components involved)

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- Cell level is well documented; some level of module data.
- From installation level, we do not have data.
- Determine extrapolation from cell, module to installation level.

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BESS Incident data collection and analysis

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BESS Incident data collection and analysis

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Gather data to assess events and prevention activities to better understand what is causing ESS incidents in the real world - leveraging consistent BMS level data, incident data, etc.
(12 votes at workshop)

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Review of ventilation strategies to control the flammability of the atmosphere

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Review of ventilation strategies to control the flammability of the atmosphere

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Conduct a comprehensive review of explosion risk reduction strategies for different ventilation rates and ESS deployment types against predetermined gas release scenarios to provide better justification for appropriate ventilation strategies (e.g., minimal mechanical ventilation to full explosion mitigation).

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Evaluation/comparison of water-based suppression strategies: water mist vs sprinklers vs direct injection

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Evaluation/comparison of water-based suppression strategies: water mist vs sprinklers vs direct injection

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+Which system is most effective in providing cooling?

+Impact on scrubbing gases?

+ quantitatively compare suppressed vs let it burn approach
+ impact on stranded energy

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Demonstration Test: Effectiveness of Gaseous systems (e.g., FM 200, Novec 1230, Aerosol) on Li-ion Battery ESS

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Demonstration Test: Effectiveness of Gaseous systems (e.g., FM 200, Novec 1230, Aerosol) on Li-ion Battery ESS

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- An initial study evaluating/validating the agent design concentrations and hold times.
- Assess impact of different design concentrations or longer hold times, on the probability of gas mixture falling within explosive limits.

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General education/training for Fire Departments

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General education/training for Fire Departments

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Ensure the knowledge reaches volunteer departments as well. There is a knowledge discrepancy between career and volunteer dept.
(17 votes at workshop)

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In conjunction with the fire service, define and summarize initial response tactics and decommissioning practices  relative to broad categories of ESS deployments, e.g., containers, outdoor enclosures, dedicated buildings...

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In conjunction with the fire service, define and summarize initial response tactics and decommissioning practices  relative to broad categories of ESS deployments, e.g., containers, outdoor enclosures, dedicated buildings...

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Establish technical basis for the development of comprehensive guidance for post-event evaluation and remediation.
(9 votes at workshop)

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Establish technical basis for the development of comprehensive guidance for post-event evaluation and remediation.

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Design considerations for various ESS installation types/applications (e.g., utility, commercial, residential, military - and cabinets, containers, dedicated use building, outside, inside, etc.)

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Design considerations for various ESS installation types/applications (e.g., utility, commercial, residential, military - and cabinets, containers, dedicated use building, outside, inside, etc.)

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Develop an educational campaign that seeks to educate impacted groups on what they can do to ensure safe energy storage installation, commissioning and operation, and encourage those responsible for storage to follow recommended best practices.

A campaign toolkit, containing videos, fact sheets, FAQ's, safety posters, etc.) could be developed for targeted audiences:
- Designers
- Operators
- Developers
- Fire Service
- Etc.

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NFPA’s Fire Protection Research Foundation along with a number of companies and organizations are working together on an awareness campaign to help reduce the fire risk created by improper storage of unlisted composite IBCs containing combustible or flammable fluids.

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Evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of stationary gas monitoring systems for li-ion battery ESSs

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Evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of stationary gas monitoring systems for li-ion battery ESSs

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Conduct independent testing to better support an understanding of the benefits and limitations.

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* Gas detection systems are only mandated if there is a gas reduction system installed in NFPA 855. Gas detection isn’t called for in the IFC at present. Smoke detection and automatic fire detection systems are. So, it is very possible that an AHJ will accept the smoke detector from a code perspective, but the smoke detectors respond much later than CO, H2, etc. Should be able to demonstrate that the other safety systems are still able to function appropriately and not increase the risk.

•Limited testing of gas detection at elevated vent gas release rates. How accurate are the sensors when subject to large quantities of gas or high temperatures?

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Testing to determine if continuing liquid cooling of modules will decrease the likelihood of further thermal runaway event.

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Testing to determine if continuing liquid cooling of modules will decrease the likelihood of further thermal runaway event.

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Develop guidance to help resolve conflicting code requirements (e.g., requirement of smoke/heat detection) and provide a path for considering alternative detection system types.

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considerations for a comprehensive protection strategy in the residential environment.

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Many communities have concerns and questions for their planning boards. Support from NFPA on safe siting of large ESS projects is needed.

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complicates decommissioning
reignition risk
planned versus unplanned decommissioning

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Information for emergency responders on scene

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Information for emergency responders on scene

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Provide BMS data in a safe place on site
Provide information for data informed fire response

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Testing to evaluate the impact of sizing and separation of modules to inform 855

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Testing to evaluate the impact of sizing and separation of modules to inform 855