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Those in power (like Reagan) tell stories that highlight national pride.

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Those in power (like Reagan) tell stories that highlight national pride.

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. 

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. 

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positively with lots of national pride portraying it as a holiday of future hope 

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positively with lots of national pride portraying it as a holiday of future hope 

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"Last night, when we rededicated Ms. Liberty and lit her torch, we reflected on all the millions who came here in search of a dream of freedom,..."

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"Last night, when we rededicated Ms. Liberty and lit her torch, we reflected on all the millions who came here in search of a dream of freedom,..."

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The oppressed (like Douglass) tell stories that reveal hidden suffering 

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The oppressed (like Douglass) tell stories that reveal hidden suffering 

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Ronald Reagan includes himself in celebrating the 4th of July and says it was the day everyone in America got their independence.

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Ronald Reagan includes himself in celebrating the 4th of July and says it was the day everyone in America got their independence.

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A glorious triumph of liberty and the American spirit.

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A glorious triumph of liberty and the American spirit.

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Reagan described the 4th of July as freedom and a symbol for unity 

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Reagan described the 4th of July as freedom and a symbol for unity 

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. 

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. 

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portrayed in a positive manner highlighting national pride and positivity

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Fellow citizens, above your national tumultuous joy I hear the mournful wail of millions whose chains heavy and grievous yesterday are today rendered more intolerable by the jubilant shouts that reach them. 

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Fellow citizens, above your national tumultuous joy I hear the mournful wail of millions whose chains heavy and grievous yesterday are today rendered more intolerable by the jubilant shouts that reach them. 

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It is hard for people such as Douglas who suffered at the hands of the same nation that is now priding itself on its freedom to be able to celebrate

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It is hard for people such as Douglas who suffered at the hands of the same nation that is now priding itself on its freedom to be able to celebrate

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portrayed in a darker negative manner revealing hidden stories of suffering and 

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portrayed in a darker negative manner revealing hidden stories of suffering and 

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It is a hope that someday every people and every nation of the world will know the blessings of Liberty.

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It is a hope that someday every people and every nation of the world will know the blessings of Liberty.

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It is a hope that someday every people and every nation of the world will know the blessings of Liberty. 

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It is a hope that someday every people and every nation of the world will know the blessings of Liberty. 

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A reminder of hypocrisy and unaccomplished freedom.

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A reminder of hypocrisy and unaccomplished freedom.

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“Their courage created a nation built on a universal claim to human dignity. On the proposition that every man, woman, and child had a right to a future of freedom.”

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“Their courage created a nation built on a universal claim to human dignity. On the proposition that every man, woman, and child had a right to a future of freedom.”

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Ronald Reagan showed gratitude, saying that the celebration is more than just fireworks, rather it honours those who allowed the independence.

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Ronald Reagan showed gratitude, saying that the celebration is more than just fireworks, rather it honours those who allowed the independence.

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In this speech, Ronald Reagan celebrates the nations independence, and labels the 4th of July as a day of triumph, pride, and freedom.

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In this speech, Ronald Reagan celebrates the nations independence, and labels the 4th of July as a day of triumph, pride, and freedom.

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Frederick Douglas saw America's 4th of July as "never looked blacker".

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Frederick Douglas saw America's 4th of July as "never looked blacker".

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This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.

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This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.

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"And I've seen the successors to these brave men, the young Americans in uniform all over the world."

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"And I've seen the successors to these brave men, the young Americans in uniform all over the world."

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In the perspective of Fredrick Douglas, he says that the 4th of July celebrates their freedom and independence, not his. Excluding himself from the celebrations.

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In the perspective of Fredrick Douglas, he says that the 4th of July celebrates their freedom and independence, not his. Excluding himself from the celebrations.

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He sees the 4th of July as a symbol of liberty for everyone and as proof of America’s greatness. He connects the day to America’s global role as a leader and example of freedom.

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He sees the 4th of July as a symbol of liberty for everyone and as proof of America’s greatness. He connects the day to America’s global role as a leader and example of freedom.

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My remarks tonight will be brief, but it's worth remembering that all the celebration of this day is rooted in history.

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My remarks tonight will be brief, but it's worth remembering that all the celebration of this day is rooted in history.

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Frederick Douglas criticises how white Americans celeberate freedom, while slavery is an ongoing horror in the United states.

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Frederick Douglas criticises how white Americans celeberate freedom, while slavery is an ongoing horror in the United states.

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While some celebrate the 4th of July, some view the day as a day of mourning and oppression, and state that they cannot celebrate such a day. 

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While some celebrate the 4th of July, some view the day as a day of mourning and oppression, and state that they cannot celebrate such a day. 

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In his speech, Ronald Reagon claims that the 4th of July celebrates freedom and national unity.

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In his speech, Ronald Reagon claims that the 4th of July celebrates freedom and national unity.

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Those in positions of power, like Reagan, can amplify their celebratory version of events, while the voices of marginalized groups

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"We hold these truths to be self evident. All men are created equal". 

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"We hold these truths to be self evident. All men are created equal". 

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We hold these truths to be self evident. All men are created equal. That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 

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We hold these truths to be self evident. All men are created equal. That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 

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People like Douglass, must struggle to be heard

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He says, “This 4th of July is yours, not mine,” showing that enslaved people were excluded from the freedom being celebrated. He exposes the injustice of a nation. 

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He says, “This 4th of July is yours, not mine,” showing that enslaved people were excluded from the freedom being celebrated. He exposes the injustice of a nation. 

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice. I must mourn. 

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The sunlight that brought life and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice. I must mourn. 

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This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice. I must mourn.

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This 4th of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice. I must mourn.

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Frederick Douglas exposes the hypocrisy and injustice of the 4th of July.

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Frederick Douglas exposes the hypocrisy and injustice of the 4th of July.

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In 1990 Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, claiming that they had been illegally drilling iraqi oil from under the ground and selling it. Kuwait denied the claims and maintained their innocence saying they were victims to an unwaranted attack.

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In Israel's point of view they believe the land are theirs and that they are entitled to taking it back but Palestines point of view is Israel is taking their land and terrorizing them and killing them

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Industrial revolution. (1760).  While some people were for the industrial revolution, and believed it was necessary and extremely beneficial to the development of society, some people were against it. Those against it saw the industrial revolution for its harsh and unethical work conditions, and believed that economic development should not be prioritized over human life.

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Industrial revolution. (1760).  While some people were for the industrial revolution, and believed it was necessary and extremely beneficial to the development of society, some people were against it. Those against it saw the industrial revolution for its harsh and unethical work conditions, and believed that economic development should not be prioritized over human life.

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the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

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the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

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American : portrayed as a necessary action to end World War II quickly, saved countless lives that would have been lost in a prolonged conflict or invasion of Japan.

Japanese perspective: a catastrophic tragedy, causing immense civilian suffering and long-term radiation effects. An immoral act of mass destruction against innocent people.

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A famous example is the battle of Kadesh between the Hittites and the Egyptians in 1274 BC. Both sides claimed victory afterwards, and there are panel discussions to this day arguing about it.

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A famous example is the battle of Kadesh between the Hittites and the Egyptians in 1274 BC. Both sides claimed victory afterwards, and there are panel discussions to this day arguing about it.

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Wars in general never have a right and wrong side, but only loss. Wars are always debated, because both sides fail to see through the other side's eyes.

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Christopher Columbus Discovering The Americas

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Christopher Columbus Discovering The Americas

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One historical situation that reveals two very different perspectives is when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492. From the European point of view, Columbus was a hero who explored and discovered a New World, introducing trade, expansion, and the spread of Christianity. His voyage is often seen as a moment of progress and global connection. The perspective of the Indigenous people who were already living in the Americas, Columbus's arrival was seen as invasion, violence, and colonization. It led to ruining cultures and ideas. This shows how a story

in history can be understood in vastly different ways depending on whose perspective is being seen.

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Perspective 1:
For Egypt’s working-class citizens, the revolution was seen as a turning point toward justice and equality. Before 1952, much of Egypt’s land and wealth were owned by a small elite, while peasants struggled under unfair conditions. The revolution’s land reforms, free education, and social programs were viewed as a victory for ordinary Egyptians, giving them hope for a fairer society and better opportunities.

Perspective 2:
From the viewpoint of the wealthy elite, the revolution was a loss of privilege and status. Many large landowners and business figures saw their properties nationalized, their political influence removed, and their social position weakened under the new regime. To them, the revolution brought instability and economic uncertainty, replacing their previous power with state control and military dominance.

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From the government’s view, the Great Depression was a huge economic problem that needed strong action. For normal workers, it was a time of great suffering, with many losing their jobs, homes, and money.

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The industrial revolution can be viewed in both a negative and positive light. On the negative side, the industrial revolution had many workers working in poor dangerous conditions, child labor was very common, rapid urbanization led to overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions, and industrial processes led to heavy pollution. On the latter, the Industrial Revolution led to a substantial increase in economic growth, more job opportunities, lower costs, technological advancements, and improved living standards (over time). The argument could be whether or not the suffering of those during the industrial revolution is worth the benefits we face today.

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The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

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The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)

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American perspective: A necessary action to end the WW2 quickly and save lives

Japanese perspective: A horrific war crime that caused mass civilian suffering and long-term trauma

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The Europeans beleived that he was celebrated for expanding trade routes.

Peoples’ perspective: Viewed as the beginning of colonization, violence, enslavement, and the loss of native lands.

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The Algerian War (1954–1962) was a brutal conflict between France and the Algerian people. To Algerians, it represented a revolutionary fight for liberation from colonial oppression. While to the French, it appeared as a campaign of terrorism and violence against their citizens and authority in Algeria.

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The Korean war (1950-1953) started when North Koreans invaded South Korea, leading to a war where North Korea was supported by China, and South Korea was supported by the United States.

South Korea: The Korean war is a tragic event that is recognized as a defense against communist aggression, also being a reason of resentment towards the US for their role. The aftermath of the war caused the seperation of millions of families, leaving psychological damaged passed down through generations. Unexpectedly, the aftermath of the war lead to rapid economic transformation, as the country in need of aid became economically powerful.

North Korea: The war was a necessary attack to reunify the country. It began after alleged border laws being broken by South Korea. They say that the US controled the war to expose the South Korean government, and expand its influence in Asia. The war ended in destruction, with many maor cities being destroyed, killing a large portion of the population.

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The Italian Campaign, also known as the liberation of Italy, was a military campaign conducted in WW2 to overthrwo the fascist italian government. To Americans and anti-fascist italians, this event is celeberated, as the italian people were liberated from Mussolini's ruthless fascist rule. However, sympathizers and supporters of the fascist government would say otherwise.

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The American Civil War is a historical event that can be viewed from multiple perspectives, including those of Union soldiers, Confederate soldiers, enslaved people, abolitionists, women on both sides, and political leaders. Each group experienced the war differently due to their social, political, and economic circumstances, leading to vastly different interpretations of its causes, events, and outcomes.

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History whispers..., so the future doesn't have to shout. 

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History whispers..., so the future doesn't have to shout. 

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Maya and Mariam

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History is written in ink, but powered by who holds the pen

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History is written in ink, but powered by who holds the pen

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Certainty lies in the hands of power, but the truth lies in the hands of perspective. 

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Certainty lies in the hands of power, but the truth lies in the hands of perspective. 

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-Bhaskar Rathi, 2025

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Elina Mimi Tala

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"Even the clearest lens can distort the past"

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"Even the clearest lens can distort the past"

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Murad and Ronney

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Create a quote about history based on one of the 12 TOK concepts. They are Evidence, certainty, truth, interpretation, power, justification, explanation, objectivity, perspective, culture, values, and responsibility. 

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Create a quote about history based on one of the 12 TOK concepts. They are Evidence, certainty, truth, interpretation, power, justification, explanation, objectivity, perspective, culture, values, and responsibility. 

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Ex. Perspective - "until the lion tells the story, the hunter will always be the hero" - China Achebe