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English for Academic Literacy II E-Portfolio - Javiera Maldonado

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English for Academic Literacy II E-Portfolio - Javiera Maldonado

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Definition and Rules:

Present Simple is used to express habits, routines, general facts, and universal truths. The basic structure is:

Affirmative: Subject + verb (in its base form, adding "-s" or "-es" for the third person singular).

Negative: Subject + do/does + not + base verb.

Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + base verb?

Examples:

1. She walks to school every day.

2. They do not eat meat.

3. Does he play soccer on weekends?

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Definition and Rules:

Present continuous is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or during a close period. The structure is:

Affirmative: Subject + verb "to be" + verb ending in "-ing".

Negative: Subject + verb "to be" + not + verb ending in "-ing".

Interrogative: Verb "to be" + subject + verb ending in "-ing"?

Examples:

1. I am reading a book now.

2. She is not watching TV.

3. Are they playing in the park?

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Definition and Rules:

Future Simple is used to express spontaneous decisions, predictions, or promises. The structure is:

Affirmative: Subject + will + base verb.

Negative: Subject + will not (won't) + base verb.

Interrogative: Will + subject + base verb?

Examples:

1. I will call you later.

2. He won’t come to the party.

3. Will they arrive on time?

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Definition and Rules:

Past Simple is used to describe actions completed at a specific moment in the past. The structure is:

Affirmative: Subject + verb in past tense (regular or irregular).

Negative: Subject + did not + base verb.

Interrogative: Did + subject + base verb?

Examples:

1. She visited her grandparents last weekend.

2. They did not finish the project.

3. Did you see the movie?

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Definition and Rules:

Past continuous describes actions that were happening at a specific moment in the past. The structure is:

Affirmative: Subject + was/were + verb ending in "-ing".

Negative: Subject + was/were + not + verb ending in "-ing".

Interrogative: Was/Were + subject + verb ending in "-ing"?

Examples:

1. I was studying when you called.

2. They were not sleeping at midnight.

3. Was she working on the report?

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Definition and Rules:

Sequence adverbs are used to organize events in chronological order. Common examples are: first, then, next, after that, finally.

Examples:

1. First, we prepared the ingredients. Then, we cooked the meal.

2. She woke up early. Next, she went for a run.

3. Finally, they arrived at their destination.

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7. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

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7. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

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Definition and Rules:

Comparatives: Used to compare two things. Formed by adding "-er" to the adjective (or "more" for longer adjectives) and "than".

Superlatives: Used to express the highest degree of a quality. Formed by adding "-est" (or "most" for longer adjectives) and "the" before the adjective.

Examples:

1. This book is cheaper than that one. (Comparative)

2. She is the most intelligent student in the class. (Superlative)

3. The weather today is hotter than yesterday. (Comparative)