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1 The Tang(618--904) period was noteworthy for the impact of Western products and fashions on Chinese elite culture, and the teeming markets of the capital played a significant role in the dissemination of such goods.
2 Under the Tang, the city was also a major religious centre
3 by 760 AD, the Tang Government had lost control of the Western Region and trade on the Silk Road ceased.

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1 Under the Song Dynasty,
the government failed to control the Hexi Corridor.
2 As overland trade became increasingly dangerous, and travel by sea became more popular, trade along the Silk Road declined.

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1 Trade on the Silk Road revived and reached its zenith during the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368).
2 Under the Yuan Dynasty , the purpose of Silk Road has changed significantly, mostly in religion, cultural , rather than business. It reflects the decline of the Silk Road.

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while the mid-Ming Dynasty(1368--1644), the government adopted closed-door policy . At the same time, shipbuilding technology and navigation technology was developing, the sea silk road became more popular .the Silk Road was been replaced.

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ギリシア化
遊牧民の台頭

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イスラム化
モンゴルによる支配

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1747年 アフガニスタン建国

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1834年 。
1919年 アフガンの王家による再独立
1979-1989 ソ連軍侵攻

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Graeco-Egyptian geographer Claudius Ptolemy Writes his Geography and attempts to map Silkroad.

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Mani dies. (founded religion Mani)

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Sassanian Persia (neighbor of Egypt) falls to the Arabs (also neighbor of Egypt).

Muslims control Mesopotamia and Iran.

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"Massacres of the Jew" Jews flee to Egypt (629AD)

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Napoleon comes to Egypt. (of course, to conquer). They find the "Rosetta Stone" which the British take in 1801.

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The first mention of Turks was in a Chinese text that mentioned trade of Turk tribes with the Sogdians along the Silk Road.

Mesopotamia came under Parthian rule and, with it, came control of the Silk Road. The Parthians then became the central intermediaries between China and the west.

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By the time of Herodotus (c. 475 BCE), the Royal Road of the Persian Empire ran some 2,857 km (1,775 mi) from the city of Susa on the Karun (250 km (155 mi) east of the Tigris) to the port of Smyrna(modern İzmir in Turkey) on the Aegean Sea.

the first contact between China and the west came around the year

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Persian Royal Road, which would come to serve as one of the main arteries of the Silk Road, was established during the Achaemenid Empir

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900AD

Kirghiz Turks in control of Eastern Central Asia, establish kingdoms at Dunhuang and Turfan.

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1400AD

Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Turks, and causes the deaths of seventeen million people.

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...theory holds that Genoese traders coming from the entrepot of Trebizond in northern Turkey carried the disease to Western Europe; like many other outbreaks of plague, there is strong evidence that it originated in marmots in Central Asia and was carried westwards to the Black Sea by Silk Road traders

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1600 AD

Uzbek Turks appear from the north, settle in today's Uzbekistan.