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“Your behavior reflects your actual purposes.”

“What people resist is not change per se, but loss.”

“If you find what you do each day seems to have no link to any higher purpose, you probably want to rethink what you're doing.”

“The improvisational ability to lead adaptively relies on responding to the present situation rather than importing the past into the present and laying it on the current situation like an imperfect template.”

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Barack Obama.
America has military involvement is over 75 countries
Obama has kept his word for example closing Guantanamo bay

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Martin Luther King, Jr.

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born February 7, 1951
Lecturer in Public Leadership
known for his work on the practices of teaching leadership

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Teaching leadership in ways that promote adaptive leadership problems
leadership success should not be measured by the amount of influence a leader has over followers, but instead the moral actions of the leader was he democratic
A leader must be adaptive for example in a time of economic crises a leader must be deceive
The leader is not the same as authority or management instead it is activity of mobilising “the community” to tackle tough problems, which he calls “adaptive challenges”
Equilibrium and disequilibrium

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"It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both."

"If an injury is to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared."

"The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to is to look at the men he has around him."

"One change always leaves a way open for the establishment of others."

"There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things."

"A wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interests."

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-  A prince(leader) must do whatever he can so that he can gain the favour of the people, regardless how he did it (e.g. manipulation)
-  a prince needs to be both clever and fortunate to acquire power.
- The prince needs to treat nobles differently according to how they are disposed toward him. He should try to tie their fortunes to his own.
- A prince, though not an ordinary citizen, can rest on the favour of the people if he has shown certain qualities of leadership and courage with them.
Must be war wise
keeping his word

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Webber believed that there were three types of rule that leader used;

Charismatic-an individual who possesses certain traits that make a leader extraordinary. A
charismatic leader has more charisma to unite the people behind him.

Traditional- A traditional leader will have a dominate personality which will enable them to use the established traditions to maintain rule
rational legal- A leader who depends upon laws heavily. The acceptance of the people of the leader is based on the legitimacy of the leader not on the capacity.
Societies change leadership style as they develop
Interested in the way people social beliefs influenced their actions

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- Born on te third of May 1469 in Florence, Italy
- Died on the 21st of June 1527
- Travelled around Europe learning the art of politics and history
- Author of The Art of War , The Prince and The History of Florence which he later presented to the pope.

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“it is not true that good can follow only from good and evil only from evil, but that often the opposite is true. Anyone who fails to see this is, indeed, a political infant.”
“The fate of our times is characterized by rationalization and intellectualization and, above all, by the disenchantment of the world.”
“Politics is a strong and slow boring of hard boards. It takes both passion and perspective. Certainly all historical experience confirms the truth - that man would not have attained the possible unless time and again he had reached out for the impossible. But to do that a man must be a leader, and not only a leader but a hero as well, in a very sober sense of the word. And even those who are neither leaders nor heroes must arm themselves with that steadfastness of heart which can brave even the crumbling of all hopes. This is necessary right now, or else men will not be able to attain even that which is possible today.”

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( 1864- 1920 )
Webber was a German sociologist
Author of The three types of legitimate rule

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Marcus Aurelius
emperor of Rome ( 161- 180 AD )
faced many different hardships such as 4 out of 5 children died
" grace under pressure'

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Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.

The most virtuous are those who content themselves with being virtuous without seeking to appear so.

A hero is born among a hundred, a wise man is found among a thousand, but an accomplished one might not be found even among a hundred thousand men.

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The meaning of justice
structure of ideal society
republic
"philosopher king "
Plato disliked democracy as he considered it to be a "mob rule"
Platos ideal government would be a highly communitarian this is where everyone works for the whole society
Plato believed that the social rule of women should be greatly increased

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Second half of 5th century
Golden age of athenian democracy