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In 1950, U.S. senator Joseph R. McCarthy (1909–1957) of Wisconsin began his infamous four-year witch-hunt of accusing Americans of being communists, or traitors to their countries.

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The House Un-American Activities Committee was designed to remove all communists from government jobs. They handed out pamphlets called " One Hundred Things You Should Know About Communism in the U.S.A. It was to educate the people since most seen communism as a looming threat. This was propaganda even though this was a true attempt at informing the people.

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McCarthy's power to stir fears of creeping Communism was not entirely based on illusion, of course; the paranoid, real or pretended, always secretes its pearl around a grain of fact.

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He picked a ripe moment, February 1950, to claim he had a list of State Department employees (the numbers fluctuated—at times 205, or 57, or 81) steering foreign policy in a pro-Soviet direction.

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McCarthy first started his investigations on Voice of America, the official broadcasting service of the United States government. Around this time, the organization was trying to decide whether it should become an objective news agency or a propaganda tool for the government.

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On July 11, 1954, a fellow Republican, Senator Ralph E. Flanders of Vermont, introduced a resolution calling for McCarthy’s censure, and on December 2, after lengthy hearings, the Senate voted 67–22 to condemn him for behavior described as “contemptuous, contumacious, and denunciatory” and obstruction of justice.

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A major impact of McCarthy's policies was the accusation of people in the workplace of being communists.

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The hunt for communists within the United States was labeled “McCarthyism.”