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The wreck of a World War One German submarine is gradually resurfacing on a beach in northern French after decades of being buried in the sand.

Shifting sand off Wissant, near Calais, is exposing the remains of the UC-61 which was stranded there in July 1917.

The crew flooded the vessel and abandoned it and by the 1930s the submarine had largely been buried.

It is now becoming a tourist attraction again, although the local mayor warns it may only be a fleeting visit.

Since December, two sections of the submarine have been visible at low tide about 330ft (100m) from the dunes.

"The wreck is visible briefly every two to three years, depending on the tides and the wind that leads to sand movements, but a good gust of wind and the wreck will disappear again," said Mayor of Wissant Bernard Bracq.

However, local tour guide Vincent Schmitt believes the winds and tides could lead to even more of the UC-61 being exposed.

"All the residents of Wissant knew there was a submarine here, but the wreck is mostly silted and therefore invisible," he said.

"Pieces reappear from time to time, but this is the first time we discover so much."

German submarines, known as U-boats, targeted Allied shipping during World War One, sinking hundreds of vessels.

Historians say the UC-61 was credited with sinking at least 11 ships, either by laying mines or by firing torpedoes.

On its last journey, the submarine had left Zeebrugge in Belgium and was heading to Boulogne-sur-Mer and Le Havre to lay mines when it ran aground.

The 26 crewmen surrendered to French authorities.

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German WW1 U-boat emerges off French coast

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The wreck of a World War One German submarine is gradually resurfacing on a beach in northern French after decades of being buried in the sand. Shifting sand off Wissant, near Calais, is exposing the remains of the UC-61 which was stranded there in July 1917.

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We look at seven decades of the development of the NHS, alongside medical advancements, highlighting events that have been documented with archive photography.

1948: The creation of the NHS

After the planning of an ambitious project to bring healthcare to everyone in the UK, the NHS was launched by Aneurin Bevan, the Health Secretary of the post-War Labour government.

Bevan, seen below in 1945, was the chief architect of the plan to bring together hospitals, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, opticians and dentists under the umbrella of one organisation.

The services were available to everyone, financed entirely from taxation with the central principle being that people would pay according to their means.

Bevan is seen below on 5 July 1948 on the first day of the NHS, at Park Hospital, in Manchester (known today as Trafford General Hospital).

1952: Charges introduced

By the 1950s, spending on the NHS exceeded what had been expected by Parliament and the Treasury.

Five years after the launch of the NHS, charges of one shilling (5p) for prescriptions were introduced, and a flat rate of £1 for ordinary dental treatment.

Five-year-old David Hurst is seen below, receiving dental treatment at the minor ailments clinic of the newly opened LCC Woodberry Down Health Centre, in London, in 1952.

Bevan, then Minister of Labour, resigned from the government in protest at the introduction of the prescription charges.

The charges were briefly abolished in 1965 and then reintroduced in 1968.

In 1952, Princess Margaret opened a new department of the Queen Alexandra Hospital at Cosham, Portsmouth, seen below.

1954: Smoking and cancer link established

British scientist Sir Richard Doll began research into lung cancer in the 1940s, following an alarming rise in the disease.

His research on patients in 20 London hospitals revealed that smokers were far more likely than non-smokers to die of lung cancer. He published his findings in the British Medical Journal with Sir Austin Bradford Hill.

Doll gave up smoking while carrying out his research and went on to live to be 92. He is seen below in 2004.

The government accepted the link between smoking and lung cancer in 1954.

1958: First mass vaccination programme

Everyone under the age of 15 was vaccinated against polio and diphtheria in a programme in 1958. Before the vaccinations, cases of polio climbed as high as 8,000 and diphtheria as high as 70,000 in epidemic years, resulting in 5,000 deaths.

In the early 1950s, NHS mobile immunisation vans were used, seen below in Portsmouth.

1961: Pill becomes available

Initially, the pill was available to only married women, until the law was changed in 1967.

The number of British women using the pill rose from 50,000 to one million between 1962 and 1969.

Prof Gregory Pincus, who developed the contraceptive pill, is seen below on the streets of London in 1966.

1962: First full hip replacement carried out by Prof John Charnely

1968: UK's first heart transplant

Britain's first heart transplant was carried out at the National Heart Hospital, in Marylebone, London, in 1968.

South Africa-born surgeon Donald Ross led a team of 18 doctors and nurses to operate on 45-year-old Frederick West in a seven-hour procedure. The donor was 26-year-old labourer Patrick Ryan, seen below with his wife, Mitzi, on their wedding day.

West, seen below after the operation, died 46 days later from an associated infection. Only six further transplants were carried out over the following 10 years, for fear of failure.

1968: British woman gives birth to sextuplets after fertility treatment

Sheila Thorns underwent a Caesarean section at Birmingham Maternity Hospital in 1968, giving birth to six babies; four girls and two boys.

The medical team numbered 28 staff. One of the girls died shortly after the birth. The five surviving babies are seen in incubators in a photo below.

Two further babies died at a later date. About one birth in three billion results in sextuplets. Thorns had been treated with the fertility treatment gonadotrophin.

She is seen in a photo below in 1969 with three of her sextuplet babies. From left to right, they are Susan, Roger and Julie.

Parents Sheila and Barry Thorns are seen in Woman magazine in 1969, below.

1972: Computerised tomography (CT) scanners used for the first time

A CT scanner uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the inside of the body. The scans are sometimes referred to as Cat scans.

The images of internal organs, blood vessels and bones can be used to diagnose and monitor conditions and guide treatments.

Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (below, standing far left) conceived the concept of the scanner in 1967 and launched it in 1972.

Model Gillian Duxbury appeared with the scanner in a press photo call below, alongside its developers.

Hounsfield's invention earned him a Nobel Prize alongside the American Allan McLeod Cormack, who developed the same idea in the US.

Today, CT scanners are widely used.

1978: World's first test-tube baby

A new technique to fertilise an egg outside a woman's body before replacing it in the womb was developed by Dr Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecologist at Oldham General Hospital, and Dr Robert Edwards, a physiologist at the University of Cambridge.

Lesley Brown gave birth to the world's first test-tube baby, Louise Brown, in 1978.

Louise Brown is seen below in 1981 with her parents, John and Lesley Brown, and playing in a garden the same year.

Louise Brown is seen below in 2013, holding the jar in which her embryo was incubated.

1985: Britain's youngest liver transplant patient

In 1985, two-year-old Benjamin Hardwick became Britain's youngest liver transplant patient, at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.

The transplant was successful, but Hardwick died 14 months later just after his third birthday.

His family set up the Ben Hardwick Memorial Fund to offer financial support to the families of children with primary liver disease.

Hardwick is seen below with his mother, Debbie, in 1984.

1998: Better Health Better Wales

The publication of the report Better Health Better Wales in 1998 explicitly laid out the link between poverty and ill-health.

Nurse Lisa Roberts is seen in 1998 below, examining X-rays on a light-box in the special care baby unit at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff.

2002: First successful gene therapy

The first successful gene therapy was carried out at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, in 2002, curing 18-month-old Rhys Evans of "bubble boy" disease - severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

Children born with SCID have no immune system of their own and must be kept in totally sterile conditions. Evans is seen below in 2002.

2007: Smoking ban

Smoking was banned in restaurants, pubs and other public places in England from 1 July 2007.

2007: Introduction of robotic arm leads to groundbreaking heart operations

In 2007, patients were treated for fast or irregular heartbeats, using a robotic arm, at St Mary's Hospital, London.

The Da Vinci surgical system robot is seen below at the Royal Marsden Hospital, in London, in 2007.

2012: London Olympic Games opening ceremony pays tribute to the NHS

The opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games included a performance that paid tribute to the Great Ormond Street Hospital and the NHS.

2012: First person in the UK to have a hand transplant

On 27 December 2012, Mark Cahill's hand was amputated and a donor hand was transplanted during an operation at Leeds General Infirmary.

Cahill is seen below after the operation, at home with his wife, Sylvia.

2018: The NHS turns 70

The NHS celebrates its 70th birthday on 5 July 2018.

A composite image below shows an NHS waiting room at the Montague Hospital, South Yorkshire, in 1959 (left) and a waiting room at Milton Keynes University Hospital in 2018 (right).

To mark the 70th anniversary of the NHS, Reuters photographer Hannah McKay took photos of NHS workers at Milton Keynes University Hospital.

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We look at seven decades of the development of the NHS, alongside medical advancements, highlighting events that have been documented with archive photography. After the planning of an ambitious project to bring healthcare to everyone in the UK, the NHS was launched by Aneurin Bevan, the Health Secretary of the post-War Labour government.

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Health and the people - BBC History Files

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Health and the people - BBC History Files

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Surgery

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History File Medicine through Time P5 Surgery

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BBC History File documentary for schools on the Schools History Project topic of Medicine through Time

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Health and the People - BBC History files

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Health and the People - BBC History files

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WWI and Medical developments

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History File Medicine through Time P4 War

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BBC History File documentary for schools on the Schools History Project topic of Medicine through Time

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Health and the people - BBC History files. Government and public health 19th and 20th century

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Health and the people - BBC History files. Government and public health 19th and 20th century

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History File Medicine through Time P3 Government

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BBC History File documentary for schools on the Schools History Project topic of Medicine through Time

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GCSE Paper 1B Revision Pack part 1 Causes of WWI

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Lots of excellent short videos focusing on different elements of wwi. Great for content revision.

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A fresh perspective on WW1: produced by Ballista Media for BBC, 2014. Twitter: http://twitter.com/HISTORY_HIT Instagram: http://instagram.com/history_hit Fac...

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Tanks

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Planes

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Gas

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Before and after images of Battle of Paschendale 1917

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Terrain during the Battle of Paschendale

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Ground gained during the Battle of Paschendale (aka 3rd Battle of Ypres

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Health and the people - BBC History files. Course content PART 1 - Medieval ideas up to the beginnings of change

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Health and the people - BBC History files. Course content PART 1 - Medieval ideas up to the beginnings of change

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History File Medicine through Time P2 Science

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BBC History File documentary for schools on the Schools History Project topic of Medicine through Time

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Full marks Erwann ... well

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Western Front - Enduring The Front (Part 5/6)

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1999 BBC documentary series, presented by Richard Holmes. Visit my site at http://www.drumtracksdirect.co.uk/

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Planning sheet for answering Question 8 (One source per sheet)

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How to plan one of the sources in Q8 1B GCSE

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A long docudrama about the first day of the Somme. Very good for understanding tactics, equipment and weapons

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Uploaded by Dafydd Humphreys on 2017-05-04.

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Presented by Dan Snow Broadcaster & Historian

Presented by Dan Snow Broadcaster & Historian

The first day of the Battle of the Somme, in northern France, was the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army and one of the most infamous days of World War One. On 1 July 1916, the British forces suffered 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 fatalities. They gained just three square miles of territory.

British and German troops faced each other's trenches only separated by a few hundred yards of "no-man's land". The British force consisted of soldiers from Britain and Ireland, as well as troops from Newfoundland, South Africa and India. The British generals staged a massive artillery bombardment and sent 100,000 men over the top to take the German trenches. They were confident of victory.

But the British soldiers were unable to break through the German defences and were mown down in their thousands by machine gun and artillery fire. This day set a bloody precedent: the Somme campaign wore on for five months and, in all, more than a million soldiers from the British, German and French armies were wounded or killed.

Scrub back and forth below to see the battle unfold hour-by-hour.

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The Germans soldiers lost territory in the first hours of the battle - when the British troops broke through their lines. However after this initial success the British were unable to push forward reinforcements across the confused battlefield or fire enough shells to stop the Germans re-grouping. The German Army counter-attacked and recovered a lot of lost ground.

On the first day, the German Army suffered around 6,000 casualties - mostly at the hands of the French on the southern part of the Somme. The French, for their part, managed to take all their objectives and suffered very few casualties.

The German lines were compromised where the British and French attacked alongside each other. The Allies exploited their initial success and, unable to draw on reserves, the Germans desperately improvised a defence. It took two weeks for the German defence to deploy enough reserve men to plug the gap and contain the allied assault.

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WW1: Why was the first day of the Somme such a disaster?

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The first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916, was the bloodiest day of World War One for the British army. Where did it all go wrong?

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What did Verdun represent? Images and text

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Western Front - Holding The Front (Part 3/6)

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1999 BBC documentary series, presented by Richard Holmes. Visit my site at http://www.drumtracksdirect.co.uk/

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Causes and events of Verdun - 28 minutes

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The Battle, Verdun - The Sacred Wound - BBC Radio 4

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David Reynolds on Verdun 1916: France and Germany in a brutal battle neither could lose.

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A simple but useful summary of the first use of Gas in WWI

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First World War tech: Chlorine Gas & Gas Masks

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BBC - History - World Wars: Animated Map: The Western Front, 1914 - 1918

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The Great War Interviews, 9. Edward Glendinning: www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p01td39d via @bbciplayer

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The Great War Interviews - 9. Edward Glendinning

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Edward Glendinning, a Private in the Sherwood Foresters, enlisted at the age of 17.

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www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04n32t9

Podcast - Voices of First World War - Ypres

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Ypres, Voices of the First World War - BBC Radio 4

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Recollections of the First Battle of Ypres in 1914 from those who fought it.

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Western Front - Making The Front (Part 1/6)

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1999 BBC documentary series, presented by Richard Holmes. Visit my site at http://www.drumtracksdirect.co.uk/

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Heath and the people - BBC History Files. Good for background knowledge and ideas of Hippocrates and Galen

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Heath and the people - BBC History Files. Good for background knowledge and ideas of Hippocrates and Galen

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History File Medicine through Time P1 Religion

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BBC History File documentary for schools on the Schools History Project topic of Medicine through Time