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38. Nazis v skokie: was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of assembly.

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38. Nazis v skokie: was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of assembly.

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36. defamatory speech: The term "defamation" is an all-encompassing term that covers any statement that hurts someone's reputation. 

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36. defamatory speech: The term "defamation" is an all-encompassing term that covers any statement that hurts someone's reputation. 

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35. Libel and slander: are types of defamatory statements. 

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35. Libel and slander: are types of defamatory statements. 

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37. 14th amendment: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. 

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37. 14th amendment: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. 

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36. 8th amendment: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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36. 8th amendment: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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35. 7th amendment: the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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35. 7th amendment: the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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34. Seditious speech: Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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34. Seditious speech: Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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33. 6th amendment: all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.

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33. 6th amendment: all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.

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32. Koremastu v US: ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.

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32. Koremastu v US: ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.

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31. No person shall be held to answer for a capital

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31. No person shall be held to answer for a capital

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30. de facto segregation: segregation by not by law.

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30. de facto segregation: segregation by not by law.

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29. 4th amendment: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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29. 4th amendment: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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28. 2nd amendment: the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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28. 2nd amendment: the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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27. 1st amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 

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27. 1st amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 

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27 Lemon v. Kurtzman:  which is used to asses whether a law violates the Establishment Clause.

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27 Lemon v. Kurtzman:  which is used to asses whether a law violates the Establishment Clause.

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judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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26. Free exercise clause: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, etc.

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26. Free exercise clause: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, etc.

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25. rational basis test: the courts will uphold a law if it is rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.

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25. rational basis test: the courts will uphold a law if it is rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.

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24. Gideon v wainright: Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys.

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24. Gideon v wainright: Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys.

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23. Plessy v ferguson: allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

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23. Plessy v ferguson: allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

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22. Dread Scott: who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States

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22. Dread Scott: who had resided in a free state and territory (where slavery was prohibited) was not thereby entitled to his freedom; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States

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 21. Roe vs Wade: protected a woman's right to an abortion 

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 21. Roe vs Wade: protected a woman's right to an abortion 

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20. Civil rights act of 1964: US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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20. Civil rights act of 1964: US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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19. Jim Crow Laws: Laws that discriminated against black people.

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19. Jim Crow Laws: Laws that discriminated against black people.

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18. Affirmative action: an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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18. Affirmative action: an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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17. Literacy Test: used to deny suffrage to African Americans.

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17. Literacy Test: used to deny suffrage to African Americans.

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16. Mapp vs Ohio:unreasonable searches and seizures, may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.

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16. Mapp vs Ohio:unreasonable searches and seizures, may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.

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15. Equal Protection: provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws.

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15. Equal Protection: provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws.

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14. Miranda vs Arizona: Miranda was not informed of his rights prior to the police interrogation.

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14. Miranda vs Arizona: Miranda was not informed of his rights prior to the police interrogation.

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 13. Brown vs Board: State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

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 13. Brown vs Board: State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

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12. Engal vs Vitale: ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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12. Engal vs Vitale: ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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11. The incorporation doctrine: is a constitutional doctrine through which selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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11. The incorporation doctrine: is a constitutional doctrine through which selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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10. Symbolic speech: is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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10. Symbolic speech: is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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9. Bakke case: Bakke contended that he was a victim of racial discrimination. The Court ruled that Bakke had been illegally denied admission to the medical school.

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9. Bakke case: Bakke contended that he was a victim of racial discrimination. The Court ruled that Bakke had been illegally denied admission to the medical school.

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8. Reasonable cause:reasonable supposition for making a search.

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8. Reasonable cause:reasonable supposition for making a search.

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7. De jure segregation: Segregation by law.

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7. De jure segregation: Segregation by law.

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6. suspect classification: discrimination of a race that has been discriminated against in the past.

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6. suspect classification: discrimination of a race that has been discriminated against in the past.

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5. speech plus: conveying a message or idea through behavior.

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5. speech plus: conveying a message or idea through behavior.

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4. double jeopardy: the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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4. double jeopardy: the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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3. Due Process: fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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3. Due Process: fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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2. Establishment Clause: the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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2. Establishment Clause: the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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1.Exclusion Rule:In the United States, the exclusionary rule is a legal rule, based on constitutional law, saying that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.

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1.Exclusion Rule:In the United States, the exclusionary rule is a legal rule, based on constitutional law, saying that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.