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Logic:
A logical process requires a defined pattern to be followed in order to arrive a particular conclusion. In other words, if anyone follows that pattern, he/she will arrive at the same conclusion.
For example, if someone intends to graduate from Durham College as a dental hygienist, the person must first scale through the highly competitive selection process. After admission, the person is required to earn a passing grade on all courses in semester 1 before going to semesters 2 through 6 in that order. After graduation, the person is required to apply, write and pass the National Board examination to practice as a Registered Dental Hygienist.

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Logic Example:
Often, we encounter people in grocery stores, where they argue with the customer service executives, to buy more items than the allowed limit. I have seen most people present illogical arguments, such as, "Ask the store owner, I know him. We are patron customers." This argument represents illogical behaviour because they are not ready to understand at any terms. So just to escape, they represent illogical arguments.

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Precision example: In a movie that I watched, a single mother asked her 4-year-old "what would you like for your birthday?". The 4-year-old said: " a snowman". The mother was really shocked because it doesn't snow in where she lives, so she spent a few days searching for someone who makes a snowman out of ice at least to make her daughter happy. The mother was sitting on the couch upset when her 17-year-old son came and asked what was wrong and she explained the situation; her son started to laugh and said she means a twisted ice cream on a cone, not an actual snowman.

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Precision example: My mom asked me to buy a bagel saying "can you buy a bagel". This quote is not precise for I do not know what kind (everything or plain) of bagel my mom wants me to buy, the brand, and how many bags or pieces. So, to be precise, I need to ask my mom to provide me with more details.

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Precision:
An example of precision that I use a lot is at work. It is referred to in nursing as the PQRSTU method and can be used for any symptom, most commonly used for pain. P stands for provocative/palliative - what makes it better or worse. Q stands for quality - how they describe how the pain feels. R stands for region/radiating - where the pain is and is it referred to another location then it originates. S stands for severity - on a scale from 0-10, 0 being none and 10 being the worst pain of their life. T stands for timing - is it intermittent, constant, acute or chronic. U stands for understanding - what the person thinks caused their pain and their effect on their daily lives.

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Fairness Example:
A co-worker says that a client is mean.

Is the patient actually mean or;
- Did they say something that your co-worker disagrees with?
- Did they just not go out of their way to be nice in a certain situation?
- Did your co-worker misinterpret something they said?
- Was your co-worker already in a bad mood or do they a have a previous bias about this person?
- Was the client uncomfortable or scared, so where not communicating as they usually do?
- Did that client have a bad day or did something bad recently happen to them?
- Did that client misinterpret something your co-worker said and felt defensive?

It is very important to consider your bias's as well as others. It is very difficult for humans to not be bias, but if you can start to identify some of your own and other's bias's, you can start to re-evaluate the fairness of one's thinking and reasoning.

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Clarity example: A question comes up on a test and you are not understanding the meaning of it so you ask a teacher to further explain so that you can answer that question properly

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Logic;
Two people are discussing about the rise in car accidents, one of them says, "Women are such horrible drivers, we shouldn't allow them drive; they are the reason why fuel prices have gone up."
These claims lack logic, as they have no means of proving that the frequency of automobile accidents has increased as a result of women's driving skills, or that fuel prices have increased as a result of women's driving.

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Fairness example- Your two children call "front seat" on a road trip.
Normally, the front seat would go to the first person who had called it, even if they were a second apart.
however, in order to be fair to both kids who called it, one child could have the front seat on the way there, while the other child will get it on the way back.
Another example of fairness is
You and your friend agree to share some food and split the cost evenly. It is only fair to split the food equally in half seeing as the two of you paid the same amount. If one of you were to pay less but get more food, then that would be unfair to the other.

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Logic:

A baby girl tells her mother she wants to eat a cloud on her birthday.

The mother would think:

"What does it mean by she wants to eat a could?"

"Can a human eat a could?"

"Could the word cloud mean something else?"

"Does my daughter know any food that looks like a cloud?"

"Have my daughter eaten any food that looks like a could?"

"Probably the baby meant to say she wants to have a cotton candy."

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an example of clarity:

These days, we have a lot of academic work to do, such as tests, assignments, and group work. If we don't understand what the professor wants us to do, we'll be wasting our time. So I often send emails to many professors to clarify what I do not get. So, I think the best way is to ask questions for clarity before starting.

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Logic example: my mother texts me "k"

Nowadays, a lot of communication is done via texting and emails. Due to this, sometimes logic can be miscommunicated through these ways of communication. I might think my mom is mad or upset because she has texted me a simple "k" without any other emotion or context, whereas she really might have meant "ok" and everything is fine.
Sometimes logic can be lost during indirect communication.

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Precision example: an everyday example of precision could be someone you live with leaving you a note saying, "I need you to pick up dinner from the store". The request was not very precise, leaving the receiver to ask questions like "what store?" or "what specific items am I picking up?". The sender could make the request more precise by stating instead "I need you to pick up 1lb of chicken thighs from Metro for tonight's dinner".

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Clarity example: My little brother runs up to me and exclaims "My friend is bad!"

His statement isn't very clear. So I might think of questions like:
"What happened?" "How is his friend bad?" "Why does he think he friend is bad" "Did something happen to make him think this way?"

I might ask him "Did something happen?" to encourage him to elaborate or express his point in another way.

It would be more clear for my little brother to say "My friend was rude to me".

This phrasing would help me understand the situation better.

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Precision example: you email your teacher and state "I will not be in class I am sick." This statement is both clear and accurate, however not precise. To be precise, it would need to include specific symptoms such as a sore throat or cough.

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Clarity: It is important that one can communicate properly in order to clarify and understand better. For an example, if you did not do well on a test and ask for a meeting with the professor to go over your test; you can then clarify your mistakes and learn from them. If you do not ask, you won't know what to expect in future classes or you would not understand what to do

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Clarity - Clarity is important through this program and in dental hygiene practice as whole. If you are unclear of instructions in clinic practice from an instructor or from a client when they are disclosing their health history it is important to receive clarity to ensure proper learning/understand of a skill and make sure you can give proper care to a client.

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Clarity:
An example would be when describing on how to use a probe or explorer 11/12. Each instructor can explain different techniques. Different example can be the assignments or the units each week.

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Clarity (an everyday example):
teachers will give out assignments and it is important to give clear instructions so that the students understand. If students do not understand they ask the teachers to clarify the parts that they are still unsure about.

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Precision-
An everyday example of precision is a receipt. It includes the names of the items purchased, the price per kg and per lb (for produce), the price per unit (for general merchandise), the tax amount, and the total. It also includes the date, time, store address, register number and sometimes the cashier's name! The receipt is a precise piece of paper that tells you exactly what you bought and what you paid for.

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Clarity: in our program getting clarity on something can be very important. If you are confused on a subject in our program it can be very important towards our profession in the end. It is important to clarify on anything you may be confused on, as it may be important while working in a client.

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Accuracy: In the dental field when making the impression mold, it is important to have the accurate amount of alginate and water ratio so that you have the right consistency for the mold.

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Clarity: If you don't understand a professor has mentioned a topic in class or do not understand an assignment that has been assigned. It is are responsibility to ask questions to help grasp a better understanding of the topic and or assignment.

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Clarity: In clinical practice some instructors are showing some students different ways of probing. It makes it challenging to understand the correct technique but by asking the instructors to talk amongst one another to ensure the proper, correct method/technique is being taught, so that clarification can be applied.

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Clarity-
In a clinical setting clarity is very important. If we are not clear of what our client desires out of our treatment or if we are not able to access the chief complaint of our client then we cannot help them and solve the problem. To be able to resolve any problem and get solutions we must know what the problem is. Hence, having clarity about the complaint of client and the treatment plan to resolve that complaint is most important part in executing our duties as RDH.

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Relevance:
ensuring that we relate each course to each other, so that we have a better understanding of why we are being educated on these topics, and relate them to our future job.

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Accuracy: As any medical or dental professional, it is important to relay correct and accurate information to the patients in terms of diagnoses and guide the patients with the best possible treatment plans. Providing wrong and inaccurate information may affect patients in a negative manner.

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Logic: you have to piece together information to fully understand a concept. If you only understand parts of an idea, your thoughts may be incomplete. For example, in class, many of our topics are related to each other (part a is the broad topic, part b & c are the subtopics). In order to fully understand a concept, you must also make sense of ALL parts, and not just one or two sections.

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Depth:
Depth is especially important while learning new skills. One must have a good understanding of why they are doing something to perform that task better. It also allows for the person to be a more rounded individual. For example, it is common knowledge that DHs poke at gums, however going more into depth, periodontal probing is to access gum health.

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Clarity
If your professor gives you instructions to perform something new in clinic, it is your responsibility to make sure you understand how to perform it. If you don't understand, you must ask for clarity in order to do what is expected of you.

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Clarity - During classes if we do not fully understand a specific topic, it is our responsibility to ask for clarification or find the definitions in order to make sure we have the expected knowledge for the unit.

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Clarity
This is a significant Universal Intellectual Standards for Critical Thinking. An example of this can be seen during clinical practices. Upon the topic of ergonomics, instructors demonstrate what they expect from their students such as the proper positioning and holding of instruments. If one is unsure, one must be able to prepare questions to ask for more clarity. From this, students are able to have a proper understanding and are able to meet their instructor's expectations.

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Precision: A client fills out the medical history and notes that they have asthma. However, the client does not specify what happens when he/she experiences asthma. The medical history should be filled out with as much information so that the RDH can respond effectively during an emergency.

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Breadth: An example is coming up with and taking into consideration ways that every single person is able to come into the dental setting comfortably. Everyones viewpoints are taken in to be able to meet everyones opinion/needs.

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Precision
Students asking professors for a laid out rubric/instruction sheet for what needs to be done for assignments or projects. No details are left out. If the professor provides the student with enough information without leaving the student still wondering what to do or having to ask questions, the professor has been precise with their instructions.

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Clarify
when studying new terms, we should find the definition of new term to make sure we understand. For example, when we studied "macrodontia", we should read book to find out that is the situation of very large but normally shaped teeth.

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Accuracy - is making sure that the information that you have gathered is true. When we gather information for assignments, it is our responsibility to ensure that the data is accurate and up to date and that we are presenting facts and relying on credible sources.

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Clarity- Students will ask clarity in all classes to make sure they are doing the right assignment or right steps of the procedure for example in clinic students will ask peers or teachers if they did the right steps in the C and D procedure for clarity as some teachers will say one thing and another teacher will say another thing.

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Logical: Using biological indicators or spore tests at the dental office  is the only effective way of sterilizing instruments and monitoring methods since they determine the procedure's efficacy in killing most microorganisms. Using indicators is the way to reassure that instruments are properly sterile and safe to use in the dental practice.

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Relevance -
Meaning the information you are hearing/ learning is important and makes a difference in your life. Ensuring that you filter out what is heard and understand the content that will help you. An example is when the students are taught a lesson during clinical, it is our job to recognize what key facts you need to understand and memorize that information for your future placements.

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Fairness- during clinical practice we have two class sections. We personally think of the section we are apart of. However, if information received in the other group is different to our own, we want to know what the proper procedure would be. This not only afffects our grade, but overall learning as well and ensures a fair environment for the entire program to succeed.

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Logical:
At the end of each clinical day, DH students are required to perform cleaning and disinfecting measures to ensure the dental unit is clean; these steps are in logical order since each object is cleaned from low touch to high touch to reduce the spread of potential microorganisms.