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The Puritans were known as some of first Pilgrims of the New World. The looked to America as a place were they could create a community that was governed by God, a government that blended both church and state. They lived extremely religiously, and because of this they lived very simple lives. They ate and dressed simply in order to make sure that they led good lives. They were also strongly influenced by John Calvin

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Calvinism contained the basic principles of which the Puritans believed. Some of these principles included total depravity, predestination, grace, theocracy, city upon a hill theory, and education. They believed that everyone was born a sinner no matter what and that only a select few were predestined to go to heaven. However, there was no way for them to know if they were predestined to go to heaven or hell and ,because of that, many Puritans lived in constant fear. They also believed in limited atonement which was the belief that Jesus only died on the cross for the select few who were predestined to go to heaven.

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People of Salem tended to live in fear as they believed that they devil was alive and was working around them in order to ruin God's creation. They also believed that the devil does not work alone, rather he works through witches and wizards that live among the Puritans. It is thought that the combination of fear and the belief that the devil is among them only aided in the witch hysteria that broke out. In addition, there was also a great deal of foreign influence that aided in the spread of this hysteria. For example, one slave known as Tituba would tell young girls who would get bored quite easily voodoo stories.

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In the trials the girls who were thought to be the victims would fall into frozen postures, contort into different poses, and complain of biting and pinching sensations. People would undress the accused in an attempt to find a mark on their bodies that was thought to identify whether that person was a witch or not. By the end of 1692, over 200 people were jailed and standing accused of witchcraft. 19 men and women were hanged after being convicted of witchcraft and one man was pressed to death. Some would recite the Lord’s prayer which began to make people doubt the spreading hysteria as this was something that witches were not supposed to be able to do.

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Arthur Miller was most famous for refusing to give evidence before the House Un-American Activities Committee. He becomes an outsider as he was branded as a communist which, at the time, could destroy his entire career. Later, he writes a play called The Crucible about the witch hunts and uses it as an example for what's happening in the 1950s. He calls the play The Crucible because in Salem when the heat was turned on all of the ugly parts of people began to become evident as people began to turn against each other. While it is a popular piece of work today, back then nobody wanted to show any support towards the piece for fear of being branded a communist.