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An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery is passed in Pennsylvania. It is the first act abolishing slavery in the course of human history to be adopted by a democracy.

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Safe houses called the Underground Railroad were used to provide safe places for slaves to gain access to freedom.

Thomas Jefferson signs the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves.

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George Crum creates potato chips

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The Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect: 3 million slaves become "free."

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The fourteenth amendment guarantees equal protection under law.

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Fifteenth amendment: Voting cannot be restricted due to race.

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Granville T. Woods invents the induction telegraph

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Daniel Hale Williams performs the first open heart surgery

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Matthew Henson and Admiral Robert Peary, became the first men to reach the North Pole

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Garrett Morgan invents the gas mask

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Jesse Owens winning four gold medals at the Berlin Olympics

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Hattie McDaniel receives an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress

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Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to play on a Major League Baseball team.

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Gwendolyn Brooks wins the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

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Schools are mandated to integrate.

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The March on Washington for freedom

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 is passed

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The Voting Rights Act is passed

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Shirley Chisholm is  the first black woman elected to the U.S. Congress

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Barack Obama becomes the first black president