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Filtering rationalities from personal interviews.

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I don't think they are seperate activities. They are always linked. Even though there can be always good process with bed outcome but it is always educational to next time.

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In the process of connection, bias may occur due to personal factors, which may affect the results

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The projected outcome may become irrelevant by the time it is realized because of the constantly changing needs of the public.

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Governments or institutions often only pay attention to the outcome after planning and do not care much about the planning process. This is because they often focus on the benefits of the outcome, such as money. So I think that's going to be the biggest challenge for them to connect.

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To take a nihilistic perspective - I almost think that the process and outcome are two different projects. Sometimes it seems as though the process ie the strategic plan, demonstrates an intent of goodwill, but the outcome often reflects the most marketable/feasible/profitable solution.

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The criteria of effectiveness is hard to identify and reach a consensus. The effectiveness usually is gauged by results which is more reliant on external validation.

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"Planning is goal-directed", and processes build the gap between plans and goals(Christense, 2015). Outcomes as the results of planning, which come from the process.
Good and monitored processes usually lead to great outcomes. However, some outcomes may not as same as planners expected throughout their planning and implementing. So, the links between processes and outcomes are important to make the outcomes are achievable via the processes.

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Webster (1956, 672) defines process as“ a series of actions or operations definitely conducing to an end. Webster (1956, 576) defines outcome as “Issue;    result;    consequence. . . . In my perspectives, the process leads to the outcomes directly and process is the part of the outcomes.

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I think it is rare that the outcome matches the process exactly. I think they are destined to be somewhat disconnected in the current system of strategic planning that does not exercise statutory power in the development phase.

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I think they are two inseparable parts. I think the process is a way of explaining the result, he explains to the public why it is designed the way it is.

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Consideration 3
Activists- promoters and advocates. Are more likely to be housing and community development planners and environmentalists. - nongovernment planners in nonprofit organizations.
Technicians- information providers. Planners in administration, government planners.
Facilitators (most common)- mediators, coordinators. Equally in government and nongovernment organizations.

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Since your process is going to define the outcome.

Only if the outcome is predefined without taking social, political and other factors into consideration; then they can be separated. But the question is will it be a good strategic plan?

Suhas Chaudhari

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Process-focused planning is responsive to all stakeholders and those who emphasize results support democratic processes.
In the multi-stakeholder balance, how to avoid a situation where the minority follows the majority. Or how to weigh up the importance of demands from different groups of people.

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I agree with outcome always driven by money & politics. Sometime we need to show outcomes earlier that what we expected.

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Balancing the process and outcome is important, as sometimes, different desired outcomes will lead to a different process (social justice?, social economic?) . Also, sometimes the process is more considered such as (transparency, public participation, etc.)

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The Planning Institute of Australia had set forth that "Planners are professionals who specialise in developing strategies and designing the communities in which we live, work and play. Balancing the built and natural environment, community needs, cultural signifi cance, and economic sustainability, planners aim to improve our quality of life and create vibrant communities. "(as cited in Thompson & Maginn, 2012, p.17)
In my opinion, planners try to make the places or cities more vibrant, efficient, and equity, and they need to consider the present and future issues during the process of planning in order to achieve a better result without making more problems .

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Architect - envision and deliver built form focus; city scale to site
Landscape Arch. - envision and deliver public realm and env. system focus; region scale to site
Planner - create policy, strategy and guidance focus; national to site
Urban Designer - similar to planner but focused on spatialising elements, design of physical outcomes and testing of scenarios that align with overarching directions.

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The connection matters as both aim at the best efficient solution. As the article states, several planners stated the end of their process as an outcome. While the outcomes are not necessarily predetermined, the factors that come to the surface during the analysis and community engagement, the process can lead the connected agencies to certain specific outcomes.

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Outcomes often driven by $$$$

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Process leads to outcomes, and following a rational, fair and open planning process will make the subsequent agreement good. Too much focus on the outcome may neglect the process.
According to Healey (2012), process and outcome are not necessarily dichotomous: different types of outcome imply different types of process.

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The process is, theoretically, meant to inform the outcome. The process is undertaken to facilitate/generate better outcomes that address the visioning of the area.

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when authority has too much interest from development, the process could be influenced by politics largely, for example Barangaroo Sydney.

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Consideration 2-
Sometimes the expected results are not clearly stated in the plan, and different processes may bring various outcomes. Planners are goal pursuers, they don’t have a neutral positions.

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In my opinion, Process and outcome are directly linked.

Because specific process might be required to achieve the envisioned process but might need to change to accommodate the change in present situation. For example the pandemic, as explained in the lecture.

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It matters as process leads up to an outcome, and as an urban planner the outcome is often given along with some parts of the process criteria, therefore the the connection matters in order to conduct a successful plan

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Christense (2015) mentions that most of planner think Politics and Bureaucracy are the most prevalemnt constraint. But base on the planner's work type, 'social capital' also create many limitation to the planner.

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Planners make the city more dynamic through the planning of the city or space, change the space of the city, and balance the needs of space and people, so as to improve the happiness of the city.
Our daily activities are carried out in the space, planner or other environment professional has the ability to plan a space, more like a space facilitator，regulator, problems solver, idea developers, and people who build support.

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Politics can limit outcomes, so exemplary planners must take politics into account when acting as facilitators.

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I think outcome and process have same goal but result can be different when they make one a priority.

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to provide delivery of considered /holistic outcomes and avoiding adhoc, disconnected outcomes

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Facilitators (mediators and coordinators), activists (enablers and advocates), technicians (analysts and information providers), but also regulators, problem solvers, idea developers and those who build support. More exemplary planners are facilitators than technicians or activists

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Process is a series of actions or operations directly conducing to an end which planners follow when planning. Outcome is the results after the completion of the planning process.

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The appetite for the kind of development proposed by process in the market - is it highest and best use in the eyes of developers?

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lag between vision and dev. controls

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Based on recommendations from other industries, revisions are important in the planning process. Recommendations from users and other interested parties will improve the outcome of the program.

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Process - "a series of actions or operations definitely conducing to an end"; "the process the planner follows when planning ".
Outcome - results, consequences; "the outcome that results when the planner has completed the planning (and implementing) process".
People conduct the process to get an outcome(s).

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From the article, most examplary planners considered themselves as facilitators using communication and networking strategies in institutionally constrained practice settings of unequal power.

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Consideration 3- As for planners, planners follow multiple models of practice, adopting strategies appropriate for a shared power world. Mediating between process and outcome may be a routine political survival strategy. And planners are facilitators on balancing the connection between process and outcome.

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Based on Christense (2015), most planners consider themselves as Mediating between Process and Outcome, Consensus and Power

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Final reflection - The question below is central to this week's class

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Final reflection - The question below is central to this week's class

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While the process and outcome may seem linked, they can often be seen as separate activities. It is one of the dilemmas in practice for planners. Do you think so?

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Consideration 3 - What is the role of a planner or other built environment professional

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Consideration 3 - What is the role of a planner or other built environment professional

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Consideration 2 - What are the challenges with the connection 

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Consideration 2 - What are the challenges with the connection 

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Consideration 1 - Why the connection matters

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Consideration 1 - Why the connection matters

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Discussion topic- What is the connection between process and outcome?

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Discussion topic- What is the connection between process and outcome?